The Development of Ethics: A Historical and Critical Study. Volume 3: From Kant to Rawls

1049 Pages·2009·4.25 MB·English

by  Terence Irwin

The Development of Ethics, Volume III
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The Development
of Ethics
A Historical and Critical Study
Volume III: From Kant to Rawls
TERENCE IRWIN
1
1
GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp
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PREFATORY NOTE
Thisisthethirdofthreevolumes.Thedivisionintovolumesisnotmeanttobethematically
significant,andsothethirdvolumesimplybeginswherethesecondleftoff.Thenumeration
ofthesectionscontinuesfromthesecondvolume.Referencesto§§1–422andto§§423–893
refertothefirsttwovolumes.Thepreface,dedication,andintroductiontothefirstvolume
belongequallytotheothertwo.Inparticular,theintroductionexplainstheaims,scope,and
limits of the book. The bibliography at the end of this volume lists the works cited in all
threevolumes.
All three volumes have benefited from the careful copy-editing of Virginia Williams.
Among the helpful comments and advice by readers for the Press, I can gratefully
acknowledgeby name the remarks of Thomas Hurka, David McNaughton, and Allen
Wood.
FacultyofPhilosophy
UniversityofOxford
July,2009
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SUMMARY CONTENTS
Contents ix
Abbreviations xxiv
66. Kant:PracticalLaws 1
67. Kant:FromPracticalLawstoMorality 24
68. Kant:SomeObjectionsandReplies 50
69. Kant:Freedom 77
70. Kant:FromFreedomtoMorality 106
71. Kant:MoralityandtheGood 124
72. Kant:Meta-EthicalQuestions 147
73. Hegel:HistoryandTheory 173
74. Hegel:MoralityandBeyond 200
75. MarxandIdealistMoralTheory 235
76. Schopenhauer 253
77. Kierkegaard 287
78. Nietzsche 325
79. Mill:EarlierUtilitarianismanditsCritics 364
80. Mill:ARevisedVersionofUtilitarianism 398
81. Sidgwick:MethodsandSources 426
82. Sidgwick:TheExaminationofMethods 455
83. Sidgwick:AxiomsofMorality 488
84. Bradley 536
85. Green 581
86. Moore 625
87. Ross 662
88. LogicalEmpiricismandEmotivism 692
89. Lewis 724
90. Hare:ADefenceofNon-Cognitivism 746
91. Existentialism 784
SummaryContents
92. RevivalsofNon-Cognitivism 819
93. ObjectivityanditsCritics 838
94. VersionsofNaturalism 869
95. Rawls:TheJust,theFair,andtheRight 892
96. Rawls:TheRightandtheGood 931
Bibliography 962
Index 1005
viii
CONTENTS
Abbreviations xxiv
66. Kant:PracticalLaws 1
894. StrategyinTheoreticalandPracticalPhilosophy 1
895. KantandRationalism 2
896. KantandSentimentalism 3
897. KantandNaturalism 4
898. Meta-EthicalConsequencesofKant’sStrategy 5
899. NormativeConsequences 7
900. Kant’sTasks 8
901. FormandMatter 10
902. PracticalLawsandObjectiveEnds 11
903. PracticalLawsandCategoricalImperatives 12
904. HappinessandDesire 13
905. InclinationsandReasons 14
906. TheStatusofHypotheticalImperatives 15
907. Self-InterestasaSourceofSelf-LoveandSelf-Conceit 16
908. ExternalReasonsandUniversalLaws 17
909. HappinessandtheHighestGood 18
910. AreTherePracticalLawsofPrudence? 20
911. PracticalLaws:ADilemmaforKant 21
67. Kant:FromPracticalLawstoMorality 24
912. TheGoodWill 24
913. Praise,Blame,andMorality 26
914. ActingfromDuty 27
915. TheScopeofMoralReasons 30
916. TheAPrioriCharacterofMoralPrinciples 31
917. TheIdeaandtheFormulaeoftheCategoricalImperative 32
918. UniversalLaw 34
919. RationalWillsandUniversalLaw 36
920. TheFormulaofHumanity 38
921. RationalBeingsasObjectiveEnds 39
922. TheObjectiveEndandtheFormulaofHumanity 41
923. HowCanWeTreatRationalBeingsasEndsinThemselves? 43