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TH2 I&TXKHEfATIGS OF ETHTL ALCOHOL IK TBS BLOOD AMD TISSUES , ITS
ABSGErTIOl? AMD DISTRI3OTI0S AMD ITS L17ECT UPON SOUL OF THE
BLOOD COSSTITUKHTO 0? TH8 RAT
by
Velaer Bern el Fieh
. A Theeie Subnitted to the Graduate Fnouity for
the degree of
DOCTOR 0/ PHTLOSO.'HT
Major Subject: Physiological and N utritional Chealatry
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Approved: * * : \V'Y: : ‘
In Charge of Unjor York
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Heod of Major Deportment
Seen of Graduate College
Iowa State College
1942
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... I
HISTORICAL...................................................................................................... 4
The Determination of Alcohol ................................ 4
The Absorption and Distribution of Alcohol .................. 11
The Effect of Alaohol Upon <*rowtn ....................... 26
Some Pathological Conditions Associated with
A lcoholism ...........................* ........................................................ 27
EXPERIMENTAL................................................................... 29
Plan of Investigation........................................................ • 29
M aterials and Methods . ..................... 30
R a tio n s................................................................................... 30
C hem icals................................................................................ 31
Analytical methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Administration of substances by stomach tube . . 47
Administration of substances by lntraperltoneal
injection ............................................................... 48
Techniques of taking blood samples . . . . . . . 49
Care of animals ...................................................... 80
The Distribution of Ethyl Alcohol in the Tissues . . So
The Effect of Administered Alcohol Upon Its
Concentration In the Blood . . . . . ........................................... 68
The effect of orally administered alcohol upon
its concentration in the blood of both foated
and unfasted rats . .......................................................... 68
The effeot of habituation upon the absorption
of orally administered alcohol into the b}ood. . 78
The offset of the lntroperitoneal injection of
alcohol upon the concentration of alcohol in
the venous blood of rats . . . . . . . . . . . 85
The effeot of the oral administration of some
oubatanoes along with the aloohol upon its
absorption into the blood ....................... 88
The Effect of Alcohol Upon Growth and Feed Con
sumption ........................................ 94
, The Effeot of Ingested alcohol upon Certain Normal
* Blood Constituents ......................................................... 100
X T (o ^ 3
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DISCUSSION........................................................................................................... 105
CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................................... 109
SUMMARY............................................................................................................... 112
LITERATURE CITED.............................................................................................. 115
................................................................... 123
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INTRODUCTION
The effects of alcohol upon man have been studied and discussed
for many years during which time many facts have been established.
The purpose of these experiments was to find some of the factors in
fluencing tho rate of absorption of alcohol into the blood and
tissues of the rat and to study its influence upon some of the normal
blood constituents. It seemed desirable to have such information,
using tho rat as an experimental animal, inasmuch as tho results so
obtained might be of value when applied to man.
Those experiments woxo started at about tho tlmo the uso of
chemical analysis of blood was being suggested as an aid in the
diagnosis of intoxication in man. This means of diagnosis was sup
ported by some who believed It to be useful as legal evidence, as well
as of clinical importance. It was not pxaotloal to attempt to 00-
tabllah a relationship between blood aloohollo concentration and In
toxication in the rat, since tho symptoms of intoxication in tho rat
are less easily observed than in man.
In order to study tho absorption of alcohol into the blood, it
was neoeseary to develop a method of analysis by whloh an accurate
estimation of the aloohol could be made using a small sample of
blood. The mothod was then used to study aloohol absorption and the
Influence of mode of administration and the presence of other sub
stances upon the rate of absorption* The lnfluenoe of Ingested al
cohol upon some normal blood constituents was studied In order to de-
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tormina if the apparent toxic effects of alcohol could be correla
ted with changes in the concentration of any such constituents of
the blood.
The distribution of alcohol in the body tissues was investigated
in order to establish a relationship between tho alcoholic concentra
tion in various tissues to that of the blood at certain intervals of
time after the administration of alcohol. Tho tissues analyzed were
chosen to include as many types of tissues as possible.
Certain lim itations arising from the use of the rat as an experi
mental animal were rooognlzod in connection with this experiment. In
dividual variations were expected and found to exist as might bo true
in the oase of a ll living matter, each Individual rat was subjected to
as many different experiments as was praotioal in ordor to obtain as
complete a ploture of the conditions os possible. The possibility was
recognized that certain experiments might render an individual rat
unsatisfactory for furthor experimentation; hence a series of experi
ments to be performed on a given rat was seleoted so that no ono ex
periment would invalidate the others.
The albino rat, Battus norveglcuo. was used in a ll of these ex
periments in which animal experimentation was nooessary.
The experimental work of this thesis was planned to furnish some
information pertaining to the following problems:
1. The development of an accurate method by whloh the alcoholic
conoontration of the blood may be determined using a small
sample.
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