The Czechoslovak Reform Movement: Communism in Crisis 1962–1968 (Cambridge Russian, Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies, Series Number 6)

368 Pages·1971·12.465 MB·English

by  Galia Golan

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Soviet and East European Studies
THE CZECHOSLOVAK REFORM MOVEMENT
1962-1968
COMMUNISM IN CRISIS
THE AUTHOR
Galia Golan is a Lecturer in Political Science
and Russian Studies at the Hebrew University
of Jerusalem. She studied at Brandeis Univer¬
sity, the University of Geneva, and L’Ecole
Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris. Dr Golan
worked as an East European specialist in the
U.S. before emigrating to Israel in 1966 where
she took her doctorate at the Hebrew University
of Jerusalem.
Soviet and East European Studies
EDITORIAL BOARD
R. W. DAVIES P. J. FRANK PHILIP HANSON MICHAEL KASER
A. NOVE R. W. PETHYBRIDGE LEONARD SCHAPIRO
G. H. N. SETON-WATSON F. B. SINGLETON
The National Association for Soviet and East European
Studies exists for the purpose of promoting study and re¬
search on the social sciences as they relate to the Soviet
Union and the countries of Eastern Europe. The Mono¬
graph Series is intended to promote the publication of
works presenting substantial and original research in the
economics, politics, sociology and modern history of the
USSR and Eastern Europe.
FIRST BOOKS IN THE SERIES
A. Boltho, Foreign Trade Criteria in Socialist Economies
Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Commissariat of Enlightenment
Galia Golan, The Czechoslovak Reform Movement
Vladimir V. Kusin, The Intellectual Origins of the Prague Spring
Donald Male, Russian Peasant Organisation before Collectivisation
P. Wiles, The Prediction of Communist Economic Performance
GOLAN, Galia. The Czechoslovak reform movement; Communism in CHOICE
crisis, 1962-1968. Cambridge, 1972 (cl971). 349p tab bibl History. Geo
(Soviet and East European studies) 76-163059. 16.50. ISBN
Travel
0-521-8246-3
Golan (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) worked as an East European Europe
specialist in the U.S. before emigrating to Israel in 1966, which has 0>£
given her deep insight concerning political, social, and cultural de¬
velopments in Eastern Europe. The present book may be considered a
supplement to Vladimir V. Kusin’s The intellectual origins of the Prague Z'S-
spring (CHOICE, Mar. 1972). While Kusin presents primarily the in¬
tellectual prehistory of the Prague Spring of 1968, Golan concentrates
pvA
more on the actual events and the effects of economic, social-cultural,
and political reforms which led to the events of 1967 and the coming
to power of Communist “liberals,” including the events between
January and August of 1968 ending with the Russian invasion. Her
detailed and comprehensive report of the development of the Czecho¬
slovak reform movement is based on careful study of primary sources.
She also pays special attention to the developments in Slovakia which
are often neglected. All in all, a well-written and useful book, par¬
ticularly for the students of Central and Eastern Europe, and it is
recommended for all libraries of colleges which give courses in this area
or courses in history of Communism. Index.
THE CZECHOSLOVAK
REFORM MOVEMENT
COMMUNISM IN CRISIS
1962-1968
BY
GALIA GOLAN
Lecturer in Political Science and
Russian Studies at the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
CAMBRIDGE
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Published by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press
Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London nwi 2DB
American Branch: 32 East 57th Street, New York, n.y. 10022
© Cambridge University Press 1971
Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 76-163059
isbn: 0 521(36246 3
Printed in Great Britain by
Alden & Mowbray Ltd
at the Alden Press, Oxford
\
J L. 1 B R A R Y
\ \
MAR 2 2 1972
* #
* \
UNIVERSITY OF THE PACIFIC
246358
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements page vii
Note on Transliteration viii
part i: introduction: 1956 to 1962 1
PART II : EVENTS OF I 963 : THE DECISION TO DE-STALINIZE
1 The Twelfth Party Congress and its Background 7
2 Revolt of the Intellectuals 22
3 Regime Response and Crisis 32
PART III: ECONOMIC REFORMS
4 Principles of the New System 50
5 Planning and Organization of Industrial Production 59
6 Economic Levers in the Industrial Sector 67
7 Reforms in Other Spheres of the Economy 82
PART IV: REFORMS IN THE SOCIAL-CULTURAL SPHERES
8 Mass Organizations 94
9 Education 109
10 The Arts 120
11 Mass Communications 133
PART v: POLITICAL REFORMS
12 Ideology and the Party 15°
13 Elected Organs of Government 177
14 Slovakia J^9
15 Legal System 210
PART VI: EVENTS OF 1967: THE LIBERALS COME TO POWER
16 Pressures from the Economists 223
17 Pressures from the Cultural World 232
18 Pressures from the Slovaks and the Youth 255
19 The Pressures Come to a Head 266
r*
V
Contents
part vii : epilogue: January to august 1968
20 An End and a Beginning PaSe 275
21 Economic Reforms 279
22 Social Organizations and Cultural Life 284
23 Political Reforms 299
24 Invasion 3*6
Bibliography 33°
Index 335
vi