Table Of ContentContributions to Economics
Vladimir M. Filippov
Alexander A. Chursin
Julia V. Ragulina
Elena G. Popkova Editors
The Cyber
Economy
Opportunities and Challenges
for Artificial Intelligence in the Digital
Workplace
Contributions to Economics
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/1262
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Vladimir M. Filippov Alexander A. Chursin
(cid:129)
Julia V. Ragulina Elena G. Popkova
Editors
The Cyber Economy
fi
Opportunities and Challenges for Arti cial
Intelligence in the Digital Workplace
Editors
VladimirM.Filippov AlexanderA.Chursin
Peoples’FriendshipUniversityofRussia CenterofManagementofIndustrialSpheres
Moscow,Russia Peoples’FriendshipUniversityofRussia
Moscow,Russia
JuliaV.Ragulina ElenaG.Popkova
Peoples’FriendshipUniversityofRussia PlekhanovRussianUniversityofEconomics
Moscow,Russia Moscow,Russia
ISSN1431-1933 ISSN2197-7178 (electronic)
ContributionstoEconomics
ISBN978-3-030-31565-8 ISBN978-3-030-31566-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31566-5
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019
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Acknowledgments
The publication has been prepared with the support of the “RUDN University
Program5-100.”
v
About the Book
Breakthroughinventionsinscienceandtechnologyinrecentyearshavestartedthe
Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). This is expected to lead to radical
changesineconomicactivity,encompassingtheproduction,distribution,consump-
tion,andmanagementofallgoodsandservices,andformingnewtypesofeconomic
systems.Theconsequencesofthesechangesareimportanttopicsforcurrentscien-
tificresearchandarewidelystudiedinmoderneconomicliterature.
However,theunderdevelopmentofacategorical setoftoolstostudythesenew
economic systems has resulted in multiple terms and interpretations, which will
replace each other over the course of this revolution. Certain scholars use the term
“e-economy,” backing up their position with the fact that new technologies have
enabled the creation of electronic goods and services that can be sold online,
stimulating the globalization of societies and economies. This term has been used
sincetheearly2000sintheworksof,forexample,Avilaetal.(2014),Chun-Phuoc
(2008),andDeJongetal.(2006).Also,newmarketsectorscanbedistinguishedin
thee-economy,e.g.,e-commerceande-government.
Other experts stress the fact that Internet technologies are ubiquitous nowadays
andstillpossesslarge potential for further development. Based onthis,they prefer
usingtheterm“Interneteconomy”todenotethenewtypeofeconomicsystemsthat
form in the process of Industry 4.0. Examples can be found in the publications of
Sukhodolovetal.(2018)andCarayannisetal.(2018),whichfocusontheInternetof
ThingsasavectorofgrowthinthemodernInterneteconomy.Theseworksstatethat
thesubjectoftheInterneteconomyisInternetbusiness,which,inturn,isbasedon
utilizingInternettechnologiesinitsactivities.
The latest studies prefer the term “digital economy.” Obviously, the growing
usage in academic circles is predetermined by the normative and legal meaning of
thetermincertaincountriesoftheworld.Forexample,theRussiannationalprogram
fortheformationofnewtypesofeconomicsystems,whichformintheprocessofthe
FourthIndustrialRevolution,iscalled“DigitalEconomyoftheRussianFederation”
(adoptedin2017).
The logic of the usage of this term consists in the fact that the new vector of
growthinthemoderneconomyliesinthesphereofdigitaltechnologies(DigiTech)
vii
viii AbouttheBook
andhi-techsegmentsinvarioussectorsofeconomy:thefinancialsector(FinTech),
educationalsector(EdTech),etc.Theterm“digitaleconomy”isusedintheworksof
Mueller and Grindal (2019) and Bogoviz et al. (2019). However, this term is not
always used in the proper context, which undermines its scientific foundation. For
example,White(2019)usesacontradictoryformulationinhispaper:“AUniversal
BasicIncomeintheSuperstar(Digital)Economy.”
The term “Industry 4.0” is now often seen in works devoted to studying a new
typeofeconomicsystemthatformsintheprocessoftheFourthIndustrialRevolu-
tion. The basis for its usage is the fact that the modern digital and technological
industrialrevolutionistheFourthIndustrialRevolutionwehaveseen.Thistermis
used in the works of Lopes de Sousa Jabbour et al. (2018), Popkova (2019), and
Ragulina(2019).Itisalsousedinthenationalprogramforthemodernizationofthe
German economy under thetitle “Industrie 4.0.”From thescientificpoint ofview,
the use of this term is valid for the segments of industrial sectors in which break-
throughtechnologiesareused.
Thevarioustermsusedfornewtypesofeconomicsystemswhichformintheprocess
of the Fourth Industrial Revolution complicate the formation of a unified system of
knowledgeonthistopicandhinderthedevelopmentofacomprehensivescientificand
economicconceptwithinwhichsuchsystemsarestudied.Thatiswhyitisnecessaryto
haveauniversaltermfordenotingthisnewtypeofeconomicsystemthatwouldreflect
allofitsmanifestationsandwouldunifyallpreviousscientificstudiesonthetopic.
Inthisbook,weoffertheterm“cybereconomy”toachievethisaim.Webelieve
that this brings together the truly revolutionary features of the modern economy,
acquiredunder theinfluenceoftheFourth IndustrialRevolution:theintegration of
electronic devices, physical objects, and living organisms (primarily humans) into
cyber-physicalsystemsutilizingtheInternetofThings,AI,andothertechnologiesof
thefourthmode.ThishasbeenstudiedintheworksofCottey(2018)andSeoetal.
(2017).
Oneofthemostseriousproblemsofthecybereconomywillbesocialadaptation
to the changes that it portends. These will include the need for the workforce to
master digital competencies and to become “digital personnel”—employees who
have skills with digital technologies and use them during the production of goods
and provision of services, and for intelligent machines—digital devices under the
control of AI—to be socialized as new participants in the cyber economy. The
purpose of this book is to study the relationship between intelligent machines and
digital personnel from anumberofperspectives anddevelop recommendationsfor
managingitintheinterestsofacrisis-freeandsustainabletransitionfromthemodern
socioeconomicsystemtothecybereconomy.
InPartI,theauthorssubstantiatetheapplicationoftheterm“cybereconomy”for
denoting the new type of economic system that forms in the process of the Fourth
Industrial Revolution. Part II aims to determine the place and role of intelligent
machines in the cyber economy. Part III analyzes the process of training digital
personnel for the cyber economy. In Part IV, the authors study the relationship
between intelligent machines and digital personnel in the cyber economy. Finally,
PartVisdevotedtoissuesrelatingtohowbesttomanagethecompetitivenessofthe
cybereconomy.
Contents
PartI TheCyberEconomyasaNewTypeofEconomicSystemUnder
theConditionsofIndustry4.0
TheCyberEconomyasanOutcomeofDigitalModernizationBased
ontheBreakthroughTechnologiesofIndustry4.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
ElenaG.PopkovaandLubindaHaabazoka
DigitalBusinessintheCyberEconomy:TheOrganization
ofProductionandDistributionBasedontheBreakthrough
TechnologiesofIndustry4.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
ElenaS.Petrenko,StanislavBenčič,andAnnaA.Koroleva
TheCyberEconomyandDigitization:ImpactsontheQuality
ofLife. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 19
LeylaA.Mytareva,NataliaV.Gorshkova,EkaterinaA.Shkarupa,
andRustamA.Yalmaev
StateRegulationoftheCyberEconomyBasedontheBreakthrough
TechnologiesofIndustry4.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
JuliaV.Ragulina,AlexanderSettles,andOlgaA.Shilkina
DiversificationofIssuedGoodsastheBasisforStableEconomic
DevelopmentUndertheConditionsoftheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . 39
AlexanderA.Chursin
PreconditionsfortheTransitionofDevelopedandDevelopingCountries
totheCyberEconomyThroughtheProcessofDigitalModernization. . . 51
TatianaV.Kokuytseva,IrinaA.Rodionova,andVesnaDamnjanovic
PartII TheRoleofIntelligentMachinesintheCyberEconomy
ManagingtheProvisionofResourcesfortheCreationofProducts
toRapidlyDeveloptheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
EvgenyA.Nesterov
ix
x Contents
TheLogicandPrinciplesofIntelligentMachines’Decision-Making
intheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
AlexanderV.Yudin
IntelligentMachinesasParticipantsintheSocioeconomicRelations
oftheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
ValeryA.TsvetkovandMikhailN.Dudin
PerspectivesonthePotentialApplicationofIntelligentMachines
intheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
StanislavE.Prokofyev,TatyanaV.Bratarchuk,andIrinaI.Klimova
TheRiseofUnemploymentintheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
VladimirS.Osipov
MachineLearningandArtificialIntelligence:TheBasisofIntelligent
MachinesintheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
RomanV.ShaminandNataliaB.Brazhnikova
PartIII TrainingDigitalPersonnelfortheCyberEconomy
TheRoleofDigitalPersonnelintheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
KarineS.KhachaturyanandArutunA.Khachaturyan
CurrentProblemsintheTrainingofDigitalPersonnelfortheCyber
EconomyandHowtoSolveThem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
NataliaA.Zavalko
DigitalCompetenceasaMeasureofEmployeeCompetitiveness
intheLaborMarketoftheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
PolinaYu.GroshevaandNataliyaV.Bondarchuk
KeyCompetenciesforDigitalPersonnelintheCyberEconomy
andHowtoMasterThem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
SvetlanaYu.Murtuzalieva
EdTech:TheScientificandEducationalPlatformforTraining
DigitalPersonnelfortheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
ArsenS.Abdulkadyrov,RasulM.Aliyev,andGasanB.Badavov
EmbracingArtificialIntelligenceandDigitalPersonneltoCreate
High-PerformanceJobsintheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
SvetlanaV.LobovaandAlekseiV.Bogoviz
PartIV TheRelationshipBetweenIntelligentMachinesandDigital
PersonnelintheCyberEconomy
InteractionsBetweenIntelligentMachinesandDigitalPersonnel
intheIndustrialProductionofIndustry4.0UndertheConditions
oftheCyberEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
AnnaV.Bodiako
