The Crusader Armies, 1099–1187

431 Pages·2018·26.23 MB·English

by  Steve Tibble

THE CRUSADER ARMIES
i
ii
THE
CRUSADER
ARMIES
1099–1187

STEVE TIBBLE
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW HAVEN AND LONDON
iii
Copyright © 2018 Steve Tibble
All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form
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Printed in Great Britain by Gomer Press Ltd, Llandysul, Ceredigion, Wales
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018931552
ISBN 978–0–300–21814–5 (hbk)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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To Jacqui, Amy and Lucy
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CONTENTS
List of Plates, Maps and Figures ix
Foreword xi
Part I Crusading Warfare
1 A Primal Social War 3
2 The ‘Eastern Front’ of Medieval Warfare 23
3 Asymmetry and Intensity 51
Part II Crusading Armies
4 The People 67
5 The Soldiers 99
6 The Frankish Army in the Field 132
7 Frontiers, Castles and Sieges 155
Part III Crusading Enemies
8 War with Egyptians 211
9 War with Turks and Syrians 252
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viii CONTENTS
10 War with Saladin 293
11 Endgame 345
Chronology 355
Abbreviations of Major Sources 361
Notes 364
Bibliography 382
Index 395
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PLATES MAPS AND FIGURES
Plates
1 The seal of Robert Fitzwalter, c. 1213–19. © The Trustees of the British
Museum.
2 St Sergios and St Bacchus depicted as thirteenth-century Turcopole
officers, c. 1250–60. Reproduced by permission of Archbishop Damianos
and the Fathers of the Monastery of St Catherine. Photograph reproduced
by permission of Elizabeth Bolman and Jaroslav Folda.
3 The Tomb of the Virgin, Jerusalem. Reproduced by permission of Amy
Tibble.
4 The Tomb of Queen Melisende, inside the Tomb of the Virgin,
Jerusalem. Reproduced by permission of Amy Tibble.
5 Coin featuring Tancred, regent of Antioch. Reproduced by permission
of the Museum of the Order of St John and University of Birmingham.
6 Mid-thirteenth-century icon of St George. © The Trustees of the British
Museum.
7 Thirteenth-century sword. © The Trustees of the British Museum.
8 ‘Nasal’ helmet. Sandstein/Macesito.
9 Earthenware tile depicting Richard I in combat. © The Trustees of the
British Museum.
10 Twelfth-century statue of a knight, including his shield. G. Garitan.
11 Illustration of a siege from a fourteenth-century French manuscript. ©
The British Library Board.
12 The Tower of David, Jerusalem. Reproduced by permission of Amy
Tibble.
13 Frankish royal palace, Jerusalem. Reproduced by permission of Amy
Tibble.
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