Table Of ContentK10516_coverK 1120/51166/1_1c o1v1e:r0 01 2A/1M6 /P1a1g 1e1 1:0 0 AM Page 1
C M Y CMCMYMCY YCMYCMK MY CY CMY K
FORENSICS AFNODR ECNRSIMICISN AALN DJU CSRTIIMCEINAL JUSTICE E E
te te
r r
n n
o o
• •
S S
ilv ilv AdvanAcedsv ainn cPeosl iicne PTohleicoer yT haenodr yP raancdti cPer aScetriicees Series
e e
r r
m m
a a
n n
T T
h h
e e
C C
What the eWxpheartts tahree esxapyeirntgs aabreo usaty tihnigs afabsocuint atthiinsg f aesxcpionsaéting exposé R R
I I
"These guys "aTreh feosre rgeuayls. aTrhe efyo ra rree aplr. oTs.h Teyh ea r(eN perwos Y. oTrhke C (Nitye)w p Yoolircke Cdeiptya)r tpmoleincet dise ptrayritnmg etnot diiss ptrayriangge to dispMarage M
their figurest hbeuitr tfhigeuy rceas nb'tu.t Stihlveye rcmanan't .a Snidlv Eertmeranno aanred sEpetaerknino ga rthe es pteraukthin. gI gtnhoer ter uwthha. tI gthneoyr es awy haatt they say at
your peril." your peril." E E
—Leonard L—evLitet,o anuatrhdo Lr eovfi tNt, YaPuDth oCro onff iNdeYnPtiDal C aonndf iad weneteikally a nIndt ear wneete kcolylu Imntne rbnye tt hcoe lsuammne bnya mthee same nameN N
U U
“This book i“sT inhcisr ebdoiobkly i is minpcorretdainbtl.y Iitm shpoowrtsa nint. gIrta sphhoiwc sd ienta gilr atphhe idc adnegtearisl othf eu dsianngg nerusm ofe ruicsianl gt anrugmetserical targets
M M
to drive polictyo. Wdrhiveen p noulimcy.b Wersh beenc onmume tbheer sg obaecl,o tmhee tnhuem gobaelr,s tdhies pnlaucme bjuerdsg dmisepnlta,c he ojnuedsgtmy, eanntd, haopnpersotpy,r iaanted appropriate
behavior. Thbee hmaivsuiosre. oTf hdea mtai sius saes odfa dnagtear oius sa as ndda nmgeirsloeuasd ainngd imn ipsolelaicdei nwgo rink apso liitc eis wino rekd ausc aitt iiosn i na nedducation and
B B
other areas ooft hsoerc iaarl epaos loicfy .s oEcitaerl npoo laicnyd. EStilevrenrom aannd bSloilwve rthmea wn hbilsotlwe othne s ewrhioiustsl em oant tseerrsi othuas tm shatotuelrds that should
E E
concern us acllo.n Oceurnr suosc iaeltly.' sO puror bsloecmiest yc'as np rboeb lseomlvse dca onn lbye bsyo livnetde lolingleyn bcey, innotet lbliyg epnhcoen, yn oint dbiyc apthoorns ya ninddicators and
R R
the politicianths ew phool imticiisaunses dwahtoa mtoi csulaseim d ahtoal ltoow c lpariomg rhesosl.l”ow progress.”
—Diane Rav—itcDh,i aPnhe. DRa.,v Ritcehse, aPrchh.D P.r,o Rfeessseoarr cohf PErdoufceastsioorn o af tE Nduewca Ytioornk aUt nNiveewr sYitoyr,k a uUtnhiovre rosfi tTy,h aeu Dtheoart hof The DSeath S
and Life of thaen Gd rLeiafet Aofm therei cGarne aStc hAomole rSiycsatnem S,c haonodl fSoyrsmtemer, Aasnsdis tfoanrmt Seer cArestsaisrtya notf ESedcurceatatiroyn of Education G G
A A
“Criminal ju“sCtirciem pirnoafels sjuiosntiacles ,p crroifmessiinoonlaoglsi,s tcsr,i amnidn othloeg igsetns,e aranld p tuhbel igce nneereadl apcucbulriact ne eaendd a tcicmurealyt es taantidst tiicms ely statistics
for a numbefro ro fa pnuurmpobseesr: otof paussrepsso sreiss:k tso, sapsoset sts rreinskdss,, supnocto tvreern dpas,t tuenrncos vaenr dp arettlaertniosn ashnidp sr,e lmataikoen slhoinpgs, makeM long M
range plans, raanndg ee vpalalunas,t ea tnhde eevffaelcutiavteen tehses oefff eacnttivi-ecnreimss eo fp arongtria-cmrism aen dpr sotgraratemgise as.n Tdh sitsr awteeglli-eds.o Tcuhmise wnteeldl-documented
E E
and pull-no-apnudn cphuelsl -yneot- spcuhnolcahrelsy ybeot oskch ios lasirglny ibfiocoakn ti,s rseigvneaifliicnagn—t, arnevde asclianrgy——abnecda uscsae riyt— rabiseecsa suesrei oiut sraises serious
questions aboquute stthioe ntsr uasbtwouotr tthhien tersus sotwf tohret hstianteissst iocfs tgheen estraattiesdti cusn gdeenre rgareteadt ourngdaenri zgaretiaotn oarlg apnreiszsautrieosn aanl dpressures and
used as perfourmseda nacse p merefaorsumraesn bcey mtheea Csuormes pbsyta tth sey sCteomm ppsitoante seyrsetde mby p tihoen eNerYedP Dby.” the NYPD.”
—Andrew K—arAmnednr,e Pwr oKfeasrsmore,n J,o Phrno fJeasys oCr,o Jlloehgne oJaf yC Criomlliengael oJuf sCtirciem ainndal aJuutshtiocre oafn dN eawut Yhoorrk o Mf Nuredwe rYork Murder
Mystery: TheM Tryustee rSyt:o Tryh eB Tehriuned S Ttohrey CBreihmined C Trahseh C orfi tmhee C19ra9s0hs .of the 1990s.
K10516 K10516
6000 Broken Soun6d0 P0a0r kBwroakye, nN SWound Parkway, NW
Suite 300, Boca RaStuointe, F3L0 03,3 B4o8c7a Raton, FL 33487
711 Third Avenue711 Third Avenue
an informa busineasns informa Nbueswin eYsosrk, NY 100N1e7w York, NY 10017
www.crcpressw.cwowm.crcp2r Peasrsk .Scqoumare, Mil2to Pna Prka rSkquare, Milton Park www.crwcwprwe.scsr.ccpormess.com
Abingdon, Oxon OAXbi1n4g d4oRNn,, OUxKon OX14 4RN, UK
Composite Composite
Advances in Police Theory and Practice Series
Series Editor: Dilip K. Das
The Crime Numbers Game: Management by Manipulation
John A. Eterno and Eli B. Silverman
The International Trafficking of Human Organs: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
Leonard Territo and Rande Matteson
Police Reform in China
Kam C. Wong
Mission-Based Policing
John P. Crank, Dawn M. Irlbeck, Rebecca K. Murray, Mark Sundermeier
The New Khaki: The Evolving Nature of Policing in India
Arvind Verma
Cold Cases: An Evaluation Model with Follow-up Strategies for Investigators
James M. Adcock and Sarah L. Stein
Policing Organized Crime: Intelligence Strategy Implementation
Petter Gottschalk
Security in Post-Conflict Africa: The Role of Nonstate Policing
Bruce Baker
Community Policing and Peacekeeping
Peter Grabosky
Community Policing: International Patterns and Comparative Perspectives
Dominique Wisler and Ihekwoaba D. Onwudiwe
Police Corruption: Preventing Misconduct and Maintaining Integrity
Tim Prenzler
John A. Eterno • Eli B. Silverman
Forewords by
Sir Hugh Orde, QPM
President of the Association of Chief Police Officers
England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
Andrew Scipione, APM
Commissioner
New South Wales Police Force
Australia
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20111128
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1032-3 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to
copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has
not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit-
ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC,
a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Dedication
Dedicated to countless victims of crime abandoned
by police organizations
v
Contents
Series Preface xi
Foreword xiii
Foreword xvii
About the Authors xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
Introduction xxvii
1 The Unusual Suspects 1
Police under Arrest 1
Numerical Performance: Distortions and Displacement 9
Compstat Conversions 14
Private Sector Performance Shortcomings 16
Unraveling the Puzzle 18
References 19
Suggested Reading 22
2 The NYPD’s Untold Story: Crime Report
Manipulation 23
Compstat 24
Survey of Retirees 28
Interviews 34
Crime Victims Coming Forward 36
Detective Harold Hernandez 39
Hospital Data 40
New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services Data 42
Recently Released Historical Data 43
The Letter of the Law 45
NYPD Complaint Reports for Illegal Drug Use 47
Admitted Problems with Manipulation by the NYPD
and Other Jurisdictions 48
Audiotapes 49
Our Report Goes Public 52
Conclusion 53
References 54
vii
viii Contents
3 Performance Management: Pitfalls and Prospects 57
Organizational–Managerial Consequences 57
Field Operations Restrictions 60
Societal Consequences 68
Prospects for Reform 71
Performance Management in New York City: The Use
of Symbolic Language 73
Conclusion: The Narrative of Reform 78
References 80
Suggested Reading 82
4 Police Performance Management: The View from
Abroad 85
Performance Policing in the United Kingdom 86
Australia 97
France 102
Conclusion 104
References 106
Suggested Reading 108
5 Big Bad Bully Bosses: Leadership 101 109
The Unrelenting Pressures of NYPD Compstat 109
Bullying Behaviors by Management 115
Leadership 130
References 137
6 NYPD and the Media: Curbing Criticism 141
The Condemnations 141
Understanding NYPD–Media Spin 146
The Nature of Police–Media Interactions 148
The NYPD and the Media: Political Ramifications 151
Promoting Favorable Stories 153
Suppressing Dissent 155
Marginalizing Criticism 162
Conclusion—Conflicting Forces 174
References 179
Suggested Reading 186
