Table Of ContentThe Correspondence of
the Kings of Ur
An Epistolary History of an
McSOP01AMIAN
Ancient Mesopotamian Kingdom
C~VIUZATIONS
GeneTal Editor
Jerrold S, Cooper, Johns Hapldns Universiry
Editorial Board
Walter Farber, UniveTsiry of Chicago Jack Sasson, Vanderbilt Universiry
Jean-Pierre Gregoire, C,N,R,$,
Piotr Steinkeller, Harvard Universiry
Piotr Michalowski, UniveTsity of Michigan Marten Sool, Free UniveTSity af Amsterdam
Sima Parpala, University of Helsinki Irene Winter, Harvard Universiry
Piotr Michalowski
1, The Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur
Piotr Michalowski
2. Schiaf, Kindehen, Schlafl Mesopotamische Baby-Beschwiiru.ngen und -Rir:uale
WaIte, Farber
3. Adoption in Old Babylonian Nippur and the Archive ofMann1="fncSu-li;;lu,
Elizabeth C. Stone and David LOwen
4, Third~Millenniurn Legai and Administ-rative Texts in the IrG4 Museum, Baghdad
Piotr Steinke lie, and), N, Pastgate
5, House Most High: The Temples of Ancl£nt Mesopotamia
A.R,Geoq,e
6, Texres cuUnaJTeS Mesopotamiens i Mesopotamian CUUMry TextS
Jean Bottero
7, Legends of the King:< of Ai<kade: The Texts
Joan Goodnick Westenholz
8. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geogro./>hy
Wayne Horowitz
9, The Writing on rhe Walt: Studies in ,he Arcmtectund ComeX! of Lare Assyrian Palace Reliefs
John M. Russell
10, Adapaand the South Wind; Langu'l5e Has the POOJer of Life and Dcath
Shlomo hre'cl
11, Time at f:mar; The C1lltic Calendar and the Rituals from the Diviner's Archiv,
Daniel E, Fleming
Winona Lake, Indiana
12.. J..,ett.ers to the Killg of Mari: A New Translation, with HfstorkaL Introduction; Notes, and Commentary
Wolfgang Heimpel Eisenbraun,
13, Babyi<mian Oracle Questions
2011
W, G, Lambert
14, Roya! Statuary of Earl, Dy_tic Mesopotamia
Gianni MarcheSI and Nicoto Marchetti
© Copyright 2011 Eisenbraun.
Contents
All right, reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
'W'V/w.eisenbrauns,com
Foreword ... ix
Abbreviations xiii
Part 1
The Royal Corresporu1ence of the Ur III Kings in
Literary and Historical Perspective
Chapter 1. Introduction..,..... 3
Chapter 2. Sumerian Literary Letters. 14
Chapter 3. The Royal Letters in Their Literary Setting 35
Chapter 4. The Royal Letters in Their Historical Setting l:
The Affairs of King Sulgi (Letters 1-12, 1518) 64
Chapter 5. TI,e Amorites in Ur 1II TImes , . . . . . . . . . 82
Chapter 6. The Royal Letters in Their Historical Setting 2:
Great Walls, Amorites, and Military History: The Puzur-Sulgi
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PubUcatWn Data and Sarrum-bani Correspondence (Letters 13-14 and 19-20) . . . .. 122
TIle, correspondence of the kings of Ur : an epistolary hIstory of an ancient M ' . Chapter 7. The Royal Letters in Their Historical Setting 3:
kingdom I [edited by] Piotr MIchalowski. ' esopotalntan
Ur, Isin, Kazallu, and the Final Decades of the Ur III State
p. em. - (Mesopotamian civillzations ; 15)
(Letters 21-24) ... 170
Includes bibliographical references .md indexes.
ISBN 978·1-57506-194_8 (hardback: alk. paper) Chapter 8. Afterword. 216
II.. Sum3 erU18 n( lett.e ts-T. ranslations into English . 2. 'v c r (E x t'm crct.ty) - K'm gsand Appendixes 225
ru pe"3' . r Extmct Ctty)-HiStory-Sources. 1. Michalowski Piott· 1948'
J.882.C6? 2011 ' • .-
899'.956008-dc22 Part 2
The Correspondence of the Kings of Ur;
2011015402
Text Editions
The paper used in rhls publication meet" th ~ ,. ,
dard fo 1nfo ' &: ... e Iu~rurnum tequtrements of the American National Stan Introduction to the Text Editions. 235
1984, ~'N rmatIOn 'iences-Permanence of Paper for Printed LIbrary Materials ANSl Z39,48:
l
1. Aradmu to Sulgi 1 . . . . . . 249
(ArSl, 3.1.1, AI, RCD 1)
© Copyright 2011 Eisenbrauns
Contents
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
www.eisenbrauns.com
Foreword, .. ix
Abbreviations xiii
Part 1
The Royal Correspondence of the Ur III Kings in
Literary and Historical Perspective
Chapter 1. Introduction..,..,.. 3
Chapter 2. Sumerian Literary Letters, 14
Chapter 3. The Royal Letters in Their Literary Setting 35
Chapter 4. The Royal Letters in Their Historical Setting I:
The Affairs of King Sulgi (Letters l-lZ, 15-18) 64
Chapter 5. The Amorites in Ur III TImes , ........ . 82
Chapter 6. The Royal Letters in Their Historical Setting 2:
Great Walls, Amorites, and Military History: The Puzur-Sulgi
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data and Sarrum-bani Correspondence (Letters 13-\4 and 19-20) . ..... 122
T~, cOll'respo;n[eddenedce bof]the kings oflir, an epistolary history of a~ ancient Mesopotamian Chapter 7. The Royal Letters in Their Historical Setting 3:
lOge om It Y PIotr Michalowski.
Ur, Isin, Kazallu, and the Final Decades of the Ur III State
p. em, (Mesopotamian civilizations; 15)
(Letters 21-24), .. 170
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 97B·].57506·194·8 (hardback; alk. paper) Chapter 8. Afterword. 216
I1 . Sum3eri'a n lette. rs' .. -Translations into Engli!·L\ U.2. Ur (Extt' ne t C'fM"r) - ..• K't ng~ and Appendixes 225
ru ern, . ur (Extmct city)-History-.. .sollrces. l. Michalow<ki Piott, 194
PJ3882.C67 2011 .., , 0 •
0-
899'.956008--<1c22 Part 2
The Correspondence of the Kings of Ur:
2011015402
Text Editions
The paper u.sed in this publication meets the minimum requl'reme ~ f th Ai"
d ar.d £l €orr In £rormation, SCle nces-Pennanence of p,-;;•m , er for Print"n .. L~ 0'b e Mm er 'c1an '." Iat!anal Sta n .. Introduction to the Text Editions . 235
1984. en 1 ralY, atena s, ANSI 239.48-
1. Aradmu to Sulgi 1 . . . , . . 249
(ArSI, 3.1.1, AI, RCU 1)
v
vi
Contents
Contents vii
I a. Aradmu to Sulgi I a ...... . . ..... .. .....
(AtSla) , , , , , 273 18. Sarrum.-bani to Su .. Sin 1, , . , . , . , ..... , . , .... , ..... . 398
(SaSul, 3.1.15, RCC 17)
2. Sul!(i to Aradmu L . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . ..... .
, , , 275 19. Su.Sin to Sarrum·balli 1 ' ... ,.,. 408
(SArl, 3.1.2, RCC 2)
(SuSa1, 3.1.16. RCC IS)
3. Aradmu to Sulgi 2 ............................. .
(ArS 2, 3.1.3 + 3.1.11. A2a, RCC 3+4) 293 20. Su.Sin to Lu-Nanna and Sarrum-bani 1 414
(SuLuSal,3.3.31)
4. Abalndasa to Suigi 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
305 21.lShi-Erra to lbhi-Sin 1 ....... , ................ , .. . 416
(AbS!, BI, SEpMl, 3.1.21)
(islbl, 3.1.17, RCU 19)
5. Suigi to Aradmu 2 .............................. .
325 22. Ibbl-Sin to ISbi-Erra . . . . . . . . . , . , . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . " 433
(SAt2, 3.1.13.1, RCU 8)
(IbIs!, 3.1.1S, RCU 20)
6. Sulgi to Aradmu 3 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
326 23. Puzur-Numuiida to Ibbi·Sin 1 .... , ....... , ... , ..... ,. 439
(SAd, 3.1.61. RCU 16)
(Pulbl, 3.1.19, A3, RCU 21)
7. Aradmu to Suigi 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ArS3, 3.1.5. SEpMla, RCU 7) 330 24. Ibbi·Sin to Puzur-Numu~da 1 463
(IbPul, 3.1.20, RCU 22)
8. Aradmu to Sulgl 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ArS4) 334 Bibliography, . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 483
List of Sumerian Literary Texts Cited .................... ,. 516
9. Aradm!} to Sulgl 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
337
(ArS5, 3.1.6, RCU 6) List of CKU Tablets ............... , . , . . . . . . . . . . . .. 518
10. Aradmu to Suigl 6. . . . . . . ........ . ..... . List of Joined Elements . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 522
, , , 341
(ArS6, 3.1.4, RClJ 5)
Indexes to Passages Cited ftom Sumerian Literary Texts
11. Ur-dun to Suigl 1 ...... . . .......... . and Royal Inscriptions ................... , ..... . 523
, , 344
(UdSl, :3..1.11.1,14)
Indexes to the Text Editions 525
12. Aradmu' to Suigi' 7 ............................ .
348
(ArS7)
13P7 <:1' 'S'I'1
. uzur-~u gl to U gl ."'., ............. , ....... . 352
(PuS!, 3.1.7, RCU 11)
14. Sulgi to Puzur.Suigi 1 . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .
364
(SPul, 3.1.0S, 3.1.10, RCU 9,10)
15. Sulgi to ISbi-Erra 1 ................ . · .... .... .
, , , 382
(Sm, 3.1.13.2, RCU IS)
16. Amar-Sln to Sulgi! ............ , · .. .... .. .
(AmSI,3.1.12) , , , 392
17, Sulgi to Amar-Sin I . . . . , . ...... · ... ...... .
, , , 396
(SAm!, 3.1.13, RCU 13)
Foreword
My work on the royal letters of the Ur III kings began many years ago as a doc
toral dissertation at Yale University under the direction ofW. W. Halla. Soon after I
began work on my thesis, I visited the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
to examine the pertinent cuneiform documents that were in their care. Advised by
a friend to pay my respects to the great master, A. Leo Oppenheim, I knocked on
the frame of his open door and was granted an audience. After a minor exchange of
pleasantries, Prof. Oppenheim asked me what I was doing at the Institute; when I
told him that I was editing the Sumerian literary correspondence, he looked into my
eyes and stated dismissiveiy: "This is work for an experienced scholar, not for a be.
ginner." This was hardly what I wanted to hear at the time, and I left in a somewhat
depressed mood. I eventually finished my dissertation, and by that time I had come
to appreciate the wisdom of his prescient, if troubling statement, but I never saw him
again and was unable to acknowledge his advice.
Oppenheim was right, of course, and once I finished my dissertation I never
wanted to touch the topic again; I was tired of the subject, the material seemed too
difficult, and I could not imagine doing it j ustiee. In addition, personal and political
affairs prevented me from traveling abroad for a time, and thus I could not collate
many of the sources. Over the years, colleagues would remind me of the obligation
I had taken on and implored me to publish my editions of the royal letters; periodi
cally, I retumed to the subject, only to be sidetracked by other interests and obliga
tions. In 2005, I was able to visit the Museum of the Ancient Orient in Istanbul to
photograph all the relevant tablet, in that collection, and this opportunity spurred
me on to make a serious attempt to finish this book. The final product bears little
resemblance to my otiginal dissertation and I therefore decided to rename it, to dis
tinguish it from the unpublished "Royal Correspondence ofllr" (RCU), which has,
in photocopy, often been cited in the literature. As I send this out into the world, I
still hear Oppenheim's words in my head and worry that they may continue to ap
ply to this difficult material, the only large hody of Sumerian literary prose that we
possess at present.
This book is divided into two parts: an analytical section, and one that contains
the text editions. For practical reasons, I have used different citation conventions
for each: in the first part, scholarly works are referred to according to the social
science format, but in the commentaries to the text editions, which will only be
ix
x
Foreword
Foreward xi
used by philologists, I use standard familiar Assyriological abbreviations as listed by
the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI) and used in rhe Database of Neo tion are pu blished by permission of Prof. Benjamin R, . Fo, ster, Curator" o f the MYa le
Babylonian Collection. Tablets fro~ the Babylonian SectlOn of th~ Umverslty " u-
Sumerian Texts (BDTNS). Within the narrative, CKU items are cited according to
Ph'l delphia are I)ubltshed WIth permlSSlOn of Prof. Steve Tmney, ASSOCiate
the abbreviations assigned to them in the letter list, in tandem with their consecu sellin, I a bl'shed h
tive number; thus, the firsr letter, Aradmu to SUlgi 1, is referred to as Arn (l). The Curator-In-Charge of the Babylonian Section. T~blets from Jena are pu 1 ,wit
the permission of Prof. Dr. Manfred Krehemi~, Curator of the Fr~u P~ofessor HtIpre
new labeling and numbering replaces the system used for the letters decades ago in
cht Collection of Babylonian Antiquities, Fnedrich Schill~r Umvetslty, J~na. Text,
RCU "" well as the names used in ETCSL and elsewhere, and therefore a concor
from the Tablet Collection of the Oriental Institute, ChIcago are publIshed WIth
dance between the RCU and CKU is provided on p. 246. The manuscript of this
the pennission of Prof. Walter Farber, Curator. The coPY and photograph of the Isin
book was finished in the faU of 2009; I have updated it, within reason, in the proof
tablet is published by permission of Prof. Dr. Claus Wllcke and Prof. Dr. Berthold
stage, but much of the text has remained the same. ,
Hrouda. Photo~,'mphs of tablets from the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropol-
Because it has taken so long to bring this research project to a close, I am in
, Berkeley, are published with permission of the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of
debted to many people and to numerous institutions for support, information, schol :~hropology
and the Regents of the University of California. The photographs of
arly mate,rials, and generosity of spirit. First, I must thank my teachers at Yale, J. J.
tablets from the Cotsen Collection are published with the permission of the UCLA
Fmkelstem, Harry H. Hoffuer, Richard Ellis, and above all, William W. Hallo, who
Ubrary Special Collections; photography courtesy Lloyd Cotsen. Photographs from
asked me to take on this topic, generously mentored me, and directed my thesis. I
the Schill yen CA)Uection are published by permission of rhe Schl'lyen Collect lOn,
could never have completed the work without fellowship support from the National
Oslo and London. The Cornell University, Carl A. Krach Library tablet is published
EndowTnent for the Humanities and from the University of Michigan. I am also be
by pel'1nission of Prof, David L Owen, Curator of Tablet Collections. Th~ photo
holden to the C'A)mmittee on Mesopotamian Civilization of the American Schools
graph of the tablet from the De Liagr<: Bohl C?llection is published by pertmssl?n of
of Oriental Research for allocating funds from the Nies Trust to cover editorial work
on this volume. its owner The Netherlands Institute for The NelL[ East (NINO), Lelden, Th~ Neth
;0 erlands. Photographs of tablets from the Istanbul Archaeology Museums (Istanbul
I a'." grateful many museums for permission to collate as well as make public
Arkeoloji Miizesi) are published with the permissio,n of the Director Zeynep KlZll~an
unpubhshed cuncrform tablets and to the people in these collections who facilitated
and the assilltance of Asuman Donmez, directot of the Archtve of Documents WIth
my work and provided assistance and hospitality: The Museum of the Ancient Ori
Cuneiform Inscriptions (QiviyaZllt Belgeler Ar§ivi). The photograph of the tablet
ent in Istanbul (Asuman Domnez, Veysel Donbaz, Patma Ydd(2), the Louvre (Bea
in the Tehran National Museum Is published with the permission of Mrs. Zahra
trice Andre-Salvini), The British Museum (Irving Finkel, Jon Taylor, L'hristopher
Jafannohammadi, now the Ex-Curator of Central Treasury of the National Museum
Walker), D~ Liagre Bbhl Collection of Leiden University (T J, H. Krispijn), Frau
of Iran. All photographs published herein are subject to copyright and cannot be re
Professor Hdprecht Collection-Jena (Manfred Krebernik), the Jonathan and Janette
produced without permission of the owners of the objects and of the photographers.
Ros~n tablet collection at Cornell University (DaVid L Owen), the Babylonian
Many other friends and colleagues have helped me in his undertaking over the
Sectlo~ of the University Museum, Philadelphia (Steve TInney, Ake W. Sjoberg,
years, providing advice, support, information, photographs, hand copies, and good
Ede LeIchty), the Yale Babylonian Collection (w. W. Ballo, Ulla Kasten, Benja
fellowship; I thank them all: Robert Mc. Adams, Jeremy Black, Harold Borkm, NI
mm R. Foster), the Ashmolean Museum (Roger Moorey, Kathrine Wodehouse, Jack
cole Brisch, Miguel Clvil, Jerrold S. Cooper, Parsa Daneshmand, Dame! A. Foxvog,
Green), the Oriental Institute Museum (John A. Brinkman, Walter Farber), the
Alhena Gadotti, Andrew George, N, ilgi Gercek, Alexandra Kleinerman, Renee
Tehran Museum (Mohammad R. Kargar), the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthro
Gallery Kovacs, M. Ghelichkhan, Usa Kinney,Bajwa, Manfred Krebemik, Marie
pology, Univ:rsity of California, Berkeley (Ann Kilmer, Leslie Freund, Alicja Egbert,
Christine Ludwig, Peter Machinist, M, Malyeri, Catherine Mittermayer, Mar;uel
Nlek VeldhUls), the Schl'lyen Collection, Oslo (Martin Schl'lyen), the Andrews Unl
Molina, Andreas M[iller-Karpe, Jeremy Peterson, Eleanor Robson, Aaron Shatfer,
verstty Archaeological Museum (Constance Gane), and the Cotsen Collection (Ivy
Trent, Lloyd E. Cotsen). Marcel Sigrist, Steve TIrUley, Piotr Steinkeller, Matthew W. Stolper, Margarete
van EllS, Konrad Volk, Clailll Wilcke, Henry T. Wright, Norman Yoffee, Richard L
Tablets from the British Museum are published with pel'1nission of the Trustees
Zettler, and others.
of the British Museum. The Uruk tablet is published with the permission of Dr.
Marg~rete Van ESB, Deutsches Archaologisches Institut -Orient-Abteilung, Urub 1 am profoundly indebted to Jerry Cooper for his friendship and help over ~he
years but, more specifically, for his firm and insightful editorial hand. He was kmd
Archlv. Photographs of texts from the Louvre Museum are published with permission
enough to accept this manuscript for publication, encourage its completion, and
of Dr. Beatrice Andre-Salvini, Conservateut general, Directeur du department des
hill comments on the draft made me rethink many faulty assumptions. I am equally
Antiquites Orientales, Musee du Louvre. Tablets from the Yale Babylouian CoHec-
indebted to Wolfgang Heimpel, who also served as a reader of the book and offered
xii
Foreword
much important learned advice, Robert McAdams, Henry T. Wright, and Nonnan
Yoffee read some chapters and offered valuable comments, for which I am most grate
ful; Wright's wise insights have been particularly helpful. 1 thank Laura Culbertson
and Gina Konstantopoulos for reference checking, helping with indexes, and other
editorial assistance, I am indebted to Kay Clahassey of the University of Michigan Abbreviations
Museum of Anthropology for her artistry in preparing the maps, I must also express
my fult gmtitude to Billie Jean Collins for years of friendship, collaboration, and col
legiality; her copycditing, indexing and academic skills very much helped make this
book possible, Many thanks are due to Jim Eisenbraun for agreeing to publish this
work, for his excel!ent editorial assistance, for his diligence, and for his patience in
seeing it through to press. I am also indebted to al! the other members of his publish A tablets in the collections of the Oriental Institute, UniverSity of
ing company for first-rate professional work. Chicago
Aa lexical series aA '" rulqu
Most of all, I must thank my wife Deanna Relyea for her Jove and patience,
AAICAP Archives administratives er inscriptions cuneifrmrl£S: As~n I
my small but intense fumily, and the grandkids, LeVi, Josephine, Jamisen, Nicholas, Museum, Bodleian Collection, O>jord, by J-E GregOire. Pans: Pall
Charlie, and Jeremy for making it all wOlthwhile,
Geuthner, 1996, ,,_
AbB Altbabylonische Briefe in Umschrift uruIlJbersetzung
ARM Arc;',ves episwlaircs de Mari
AfO Archiv fUr OrientjOrschung. . b d
AHw AkJ<adisches Harulwilrterbuch, by W. von Soden. 3 vols. W les a en,
HarrassQwitz, 1959-1981.
A]SL American Jo umal of Semitic Languages and Literatures
Ali, SL Sumerian Letters: Two Collections from the Old Babylonian Schools, by
E A, Ali. Ph.D. Dissertation, University ot Pennsylvan~a, 1964.
Alsre,., Proverbs Provet"bs of Ancient Sumer: The World's Ear!iest Proverb Co1lecttons, by
B. Aister. Bethesda, MD: CDL, 1997.
Alster, Wisdom The Wisdom of Ancient Sumer, by B. Alster. Bethesda, MD: CDL,
~~5Amorites
Amorites of the Ur III Period, by O. Buccellati. Naples: Istttuto
Orientale di Napoli, 1966.
ANL Ancillary NilJfJUt Letters ttl
ANN tablets in tbe collections of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxio
(fonnerly Ashm,)
AnOr Ana!eCUl OrientaUa
AnSt AnatoUan Studies
Antagal lexical series antag~l ~ faqil
AO tablets in the collections of the Musee dt! Louvre
AoF AltoriencaUsche Forschungen
AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament
AOS American Otiental Series
ARA Annual Reviews of Anthropology
ARES Archivi reali di Ebta, Studi
ARM Archives royales de Mari
ARMT Archives royales de Mari, traduction, Paris, 1950- , .
Arnaud, Emar VI Recherches au I"'Ys d' Astata: Emar 6/1-4. Textes sumenens et
actudiens, by Daniel Arnaud. Paris: Editions Recherche sur lell
Civilisations, 1986,
xiv
Abbreviations
The Royal Correspondence of the Ur III Kings xv
ArOr
Arch!v Orientalnt
ARRIM Annual Review of the Roya! InscriPdons of MesoPotamia Project COLI Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
AS Assyriological Studies CDLJ Cuneiform Digital Library Journal. Online: http://cdli.uda.cdu/pubs/
AS) Acta Sumer%gica cdlj.html
Altinger, EUments Elements de linguistique sU!1l<!rienne; Ia construction de du"leldi "dire," CH Code of Hammurabi
by 1'. Attinger. Fribourg: Editions universitaires I Gottingen: Charpin, Archives Archives famiUales er propriete prlvee en Babylonie ancienne; etude des
documents de "TeU Sifr, "by D. Charpin. Geneva, Librairie Droz,
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1993.
AUC'T 1980.
Auerl Andrews University Cuneiform Texts Charpin, Lire Lire et ecrire a Babylone. by D. Charpin. Pari" Presses Univeroitaires
Neo·Sumerian Account Te,/.< in the Horn Archaeological Museum. by
de France, 2008.
M. Sigrist. Andrews Univetsity Cuneiform Texts 1, Berrien Springs:
Charpin, aBO 160/4 Die altbabylonische Zeit, by D. Charpln, D. O. Edzard, and M. Sm!.
Andtews University Press, 1984.
Auer2 aBO 160/4. Fribourg: Academic Press; Gilttingen: Vandenhoeck &
Neo·Sumerian Account Texts in the Horn Archaeological Museum, by
Ruprecht, 2004.
M. Sigrist. Andrews University Cuneiform Texts 2, Betrien Springs:
. CHEU Contribution d /' histoire economique d' Umma, by G. Conteau.
Andrews University Press. 1988.
AuOr Aula Orientalls Bibliotheque de I'ecole des Hautes Etudes. sciences philologiques et
AUWE histor!ques 119. Paris 1915.
Ausgrabungen in Uruk· Warka. Endberichte I Deutsches
Civil, Forerunners The Forerunners ofMaru. and tfam;u in Old Babylonian. Pp. 63 ·71
Archaologisches Institut, Abteilung Baghdad. Maim: von Zabem
in Riches Hmn in Secret Places: Ancient Near Eastern St..dies in
1987- '
Babyl Babyloniaca Memory ofThorl,ild}acobsen. ed. T Abusch. Winona Lake, IN:
BaM Eisenbrauns, 2002.
Baglulakr Mitteilungen
BBVO Civil, InslTUCtions The Farmer's Instructions; A Sumerian Agricultural Manual, by
'Berliner Beitrage zum Vorderen Orient
BCT1 M. Civil. Sahadell: AUSA, 1994.
Catalogue of Cuneiform Tablets in Birmingham City Museum I, by P. J. CKU Correspondence of the Kings of Ur
Watson. Warminster: Philip & Aries, 1986.
Bcr2 C,atalogue of Cuneiform Tablets in Birmingham City Museum 2, bv P. J. CM Cuneiform Monographs
CM33 Cuneiform Inscriptions in the Collection of the Bible Land.! Museum
BDTNS Watson. Warminster: Philip & Aries, 1993. Jerusalem; The Old BabyfDnian Inscriptions, edited by J. Goodnick
Base de Dams de Texms Neosumerios. Online: http://bdtns.tilol
Westenholz and A. Westenholz. CM 33. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
.csic,es
BE Cooper, Agade The Curse of Agade, by J. S. Cooper. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
The Babylonian Expedition of the UniverSity of Pennsylvania
BihMes University Press, 1983.
Bibliotheca Mesopotamica
BIN Cooper, Death Apodotic Death and rhe Historicity of "Historical" Omens. Pp. 99-
Babylonian Inscriptions in the Collection of]. B. Nics
BiOr Bibl.iotheca Orientalis 105 in Death in Mesopotamia, cd. Bendt Alster. Mesopotamia 8.
BM Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.
tablets in the collections of the British Museum
BMAC Cornell tablets in the collections of the Jonathan and Janette Rosen tablet
Bactria·Marglana Archaeological Complex
BOAM collection at Cornell University
Bulletin of the Ancient Orient Museum
BPOA Cot..'. ien tablets in the collections of the Cotsen Collection (now at UCLA)
Biblioreca del Proximo Oriente Antigua
BSA Crozer tablets in the collections of the Crozer Theological Seminary
Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture
BSOAS (dispersed)
Bulletin of the School of Oriental. and African Studies
CAD CST Catalogue of Sumerian Tablets in the John Rylond, Ubrary, by T. Fish.
The Ass)~ian Dictionary of the University of Chicago
Cavigneaux, Uruk Manchester, The Manchester university Press, and the Librarian,
Urul<, Altbabylonisci1e Texte am dem Planqui!drat Pe XVJ.415. nach
the John Ryland. Library, 1932.
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The Royal Correspondence of the Ur III Kings
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