The Content of Essential Amino Acids in 1950 Alfalfa Hay Grown in Utah Soil Treated with Different

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All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies
5-1954
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Adriana Lanting Kunkel
Utah State University
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Treated with Different Fertilizers" (1954). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 3714.
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THE CONTSNT OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS IN 1950 ALFALFA HAY
-
GROWN IN UTAH SOIL TREATED WITH DIFFER..~ NT FERTILIZERS
by
Adriana Lanting Kunkel
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
of
MASTER OF SCIE!-l'CE
in
Chemistry
UTAH STATE .AGRICULTURAL COLLIDE
Logan, Utah
1954
ACKNOWLEDGEl1ENTS
I want to express appreciation to Dr. D. A. Greenwood for his
advice, aid and encouragement throughout this study.
I am also obligated to Prof. B. Crandall for analyzing the sta-
tistical data of this study.
This research was aided indirectly by grants from the International
Minerals and Chemical Corporation and the Kennecott Copper Company.
Adriana Lanting Kunkel
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1
o
Methods of procedure 3
•• 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• 0 •
Plan of work • o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3
) Methods of analyses • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• 3
• • 0
Results and discussion
I
Presentation of analytical data • • • • • • • • • • • • •
} Valine
• • • • • • • • • •• 0 0 • • • • • • • • • •
I
) Replication • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5
Treatment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5
Counties • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5
Leucine ••••••••• • ••••••••••••• 5
Replication • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16
Treatment •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • 16
Counties • • • • • • • 16
• 0 • • • • 0 • • • • • •
Isoleucine 16
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • 0
Replication • • • • • •••••••••• • • • 16
Treatment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16
Counties • • • • 16
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0
Threonine • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16
o • • • • ••
Replication • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••• 27
Treatment •••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27
Counties • • • • • • • 27
• • • • • • • • 0 • • • •
Arginine • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27
0 • •
Replication • • • • 27
o • • • • o • • • • • • • •
Treatment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27
Counties • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27
o • • •
lq'sine • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27
Replication • • • • • • • • • • • • 38
o • • • • •
Treatment • • • 38
o o • • • o • • • • • • • • • •
Counties • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38
Page
Hethionine 38
• • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • •
Replication • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38
Treatment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38
Counties • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • C> • 38
Phenylalanine • • 38
0 • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • •
Replication • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49
Treatment • h9
o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Counties • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49
Tryptophane • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49
Replication 49
• • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • •
Treatment 49
• • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Counties • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49
Histidine • o • • • • • • • C> • • • • • • • • • • • • 60
Replication • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 60
Treatment • • • • • • • • 60
• • • • • • • • • 0 •
Counties • •••••••• 6o
0 • • • • • • • • • •
Summary and conclusions • • • • • • 6J.
o • • • • • • • o • • • • o
Literature cited 63
• • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 •
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Reproducibility of Analytical Values for Valine in
.A.l.f'alfa Ha_y by Microbiological Assay Method 6
2. Analysis of Va ri.ance of Valine Content and Treatment
Means on Dry Matter Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 7
3. Analysis of Variance of Valine Content and Treatment
f·feans on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 9
4o Reproducibility of Analytical Values for Leucine in
Alfalfa Hay by Hicrobiological Assay Method 11
5. Analysis of Variance of Leucine Content and Treatment
Means on Dry Matter Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Ha;y Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 12
6. . Analysis of Variance of Leucine Content and Treatment
Means on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hczy- Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950
7. Reproducibility of Analytical Values for Isoleucine in
Alfalfa Hay by H:icrobiological Ass;zy I1ethod 17
a.
Analysis of Variance of Isoleucine Content and Treatment
Means on Dry l.fatter Basis of Ranger Alfalfa H3Y Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 18
9. Analysis of Variance of Isoleucine Content and Treatment
Means on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 20
10. Reproducibility of Analytical Values for Threonine in
Alfalfa Hay by Microbiological Assay f-1ethod 22
Table Page
ll. Analysis of Variance of Threonine Content and Treatment
J.fe:ms on Dry Matter Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 23
12. Analysis of Variance of Threonine Content and Treatment
11eans on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 25
13. Reproducibility of Analytical Values for Arginine in
Al.f'alfa Hay by Microbiological Assay Method 28
14. Analysis of Variance of Arginine Content and Treatment
J.feans on Dry Matter Basis o.f Ranger Alfalfa Ha_y Produced
on Fertili~ed and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 29
15. Analysis of Variance of Arginine Content and Treatment
1-feans on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 31
16. Reproducibility of Analytical Values for Izy"sine in
Alfalfa Hay by I1icrobiological Assay Hethod 33
17. Analysis of Variance of Lysine Content and Treatment
1·1eans on Dry ltatter Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 34
18c. Analysis of Variance of Iusine Content and Treatment
Means on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hczy Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 36
19. Reproducibility of Analytical Values for f1ethionine in
Alfalfa Hay by Hicrobiological .Assay Hethod 39
20. Analysis of Variance of Hethionine Content a."ld Treatment
Heans on Dry Hatter Basis of Ranger Al.falfa Ha_y Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 40
2lo Analysis of Variance of Methionine Content and Treatroont
Means on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950
Table Page
22. Reproducibility of Analytical Values for Phenylalanine in
Alfalfa Hay by I.ficrobiological Assa:r Hethod 44
23. Analysis of Variance of Phenylalanine Content and Treatment
Means on Dry Matter Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 45
24. Analysis of Variance of Phenylalanine Content and Treatment
Means on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 47
25. Reproducibility of Analytical Values for Tryptophane in
Alfalfa Hay by Hicrobiological Assay Hethod 50
26. Analysis of Variance of Tryptophane Content and Treat100nt
i'ieans on Dry Hatter Basis of Ranger Al.falfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 51
27. Analysis of Variance of Tryptophane Content and Treatment
Means on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa H.:zy- Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 53
26. Reproducibility of Analytical Values for Histidine in
Alfalfa Hccy- by 1'1i.crobiological Assay 55
t~thod
29. Analysis of Variance of Histidine Content and Treatment
Means on Dry I>iatter Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 56
30. .Analysis of Variance of Histidine Content and Treatment
Means on Protein Basis of Ranger Alfalfa Hay Produced
on Fertilized and Unfertilized Plots in Different
Counties of Utah in 1950 58
INTRODUCTION
Application of fertilizers to soils to increase production yields
has raised questions concerning the effect of fertilizer on chemical
composition of plants. With the development of accurate, sensitive
microbiological methods for the determination of amino acid in protein,
speculations concerning amino acid content have been supplanted by ac
quisition of facts.
The effect of the different fertilizer applications on alfalfa yield
has been discussed by Jones, et ~ (5)o Also, some \'TOrk has been done
to determine the effect different fertili7.ers might have on the amino
acid content of plant materialo Some values (1,3,12) have ~een reported
for the amino acid values for alfalfa hay. However, no environmental
influence was mentioned. One of the first references made correlating
soil treatment and amino acid content of alfalfa (lld indicated that
levels of amino acids in alfalfa leaves were, in general, increased when
the soil was treated uit h manganese, boron, or a mixture of these td.t h
cobalt, copper, calcium, and zinc. A later article (2) mentioned that
increase in applications of boron, manganese, phosphorus, and potassium
to the soil showed an increase in percent of essential amino acids in
lespedeza This did not necessarily mean that a larger share of
h~s.
the crop's total nitrogen was in the amino form. There may have been
an increase in total ni trogeno Treatment with manganese and boron gave
the greatest increase in amino acid content without appreciably changing
the total nitrogen. No one amino acid increased out of proportion with
2
the others. Boron was a limiting factor for the formation of tryptophane
(15).
However, when methionine content of alfalfa h;zy- was increased by
addition of sul.fur or flowers of sulfur to a culture solution, the in
crease occurred at the expense of the other amino acids (16).
Increased amounts of aspartic acid and arginine were found when
alfalfa plants were grown in sulfur deficient sand culture, while six
teen other amino acids showed decreased amounts ( 9). One hundred select
ions of alfalfa with different genetic backgrounds varied in methionine
content from 72-96 mg. of methionine per gram of nitrogen (17). This
was a follow-up of an experiment conducted in 1950 where t\-ro strains of
alfalfa showed considerable difference in their abilities to synthesize
both methionine and cystine with a given amount of sulfur (20)o
This study was undertaken to see if there is a variation in the
content of amino acids in Ranger alfalfa with respect to use of dif
h~
ferent fertilizerso The study is limited to the 10 amino acids as de
termined essential by Rose (10,11) on experiments with rats and dogs;
and supported by additional experiments on weanling pigs by Mertz, Beeson
and Jackson (8)o