The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film

1102 Pages·2012·8.74 MB·English

by  Ian Aitken

The Concise
Routledge Encyclopedia of
the Documentary Film
The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of the Documentary (cid:1) examines the documentary filmmaking
Filmisafullyinternationalreferenceworkonthe traditions within nations and regions,
history of the documentary film from the Lumi- including places such as Iran, Brazil,
ère brothers’ Workers Leaving the Lumière Portugal, andJapan.
Factory (1885) to Michael Moore’s Fahrenheit (cid:1) explores themes, issues, and representa-
9/11(2004). tions in regard to specific documentary
Documentary film dates back to the last dec- films,includinghumanrights,modernism,
ades of the nineteenth century and has been homosexuality, and World War I, as well
practicedsincethenineveryregionoftheworld. as types of documentary film such as
This Encyclopedia provides a resource that cri- newsreelsandeducationalfilms.
tically analyzes that history in all its aspects.
Entriesexamine individualfilmsandthecareers This accessible concise edition provides an
of individual filmmakers, but also include over- invaluable resource for both scholars and stu-
viewarticlesofnationalandregionaldocumentary dents. With stills from key films, this resource
filmhistory. providesthedecisiveentrypointintothehistory
Previously published in three volumes, entries ofanartform.
have been edited for the new, concise edition
and two new entries have been added, on India Ian Aitken is Professor, in the Department of
andChina. Cinema and TV, Hong Kong Baptist Uni-
TheConciseRoutledgeEncyclopediaoftheDocumentary versity. He is the author of Film and Reform: John
Film: Grierson and the British Documentary Film Movement
(Routledge, 1990, 1992), The Documentary Film
(cid:1) discussesindividualfilms,bringingtogether Movement: An Anthology (Edinburgh University
allaspectsofdocumentaryfilm. Press, 1998), The Cinema of Alberto Cavalcanti: Rea-
(cid:1) introduces filmmakers, including lesser- lism, Surrealism and National Cinemas (Flicks Books,
known filmmakers from countries such as 2000)andTheEncyclopediaoftheDocumentaryFilm,
India,Bosnia,China,andothers. three-volumeset(Routledge,2006).
The Concise
Routledge Encyclopedia of
the Documentary Film
Edited by
Ian Aitken
FirstpublishedasTheEncyclopediaoftheDocumentaryFilmin2006
Thisconciseeditionpublished2013
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada
byRoutledge
711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2013IanAitken
TherightofIanAitkentobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedbyhim
inaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedin
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invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
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BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
TheconciseRoutledgeencyclopediaofthedocumentaryfilm/ed.byIanAitken.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Documentaryfilms–Encyclopedias.I.Aitken,Ian.
PN1995.9.D6C5452011
070.108–dc23
2011024554
ISBN:978-0-415-59642-8(hbk)
TypesetinBaskerville
byTaylor&FrancisGroup
Contents
List of stills vi
Board of advisers vii
List of contributors viii
List of entries A–Z xiii
Thematic list of entries xix
Documentary film: an introduction 1
Encyclopedia entries A–Z 17
Index 1036
List of stills
1 DesertVictory,1943.TheBritishEighthArmyRoutsRommelinAfrica(Courtesyofthe
EverettCollection) 208
2 ADividedWorld,1948(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 213
3 GeorgiaO’Keeffe,1977(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 286
4 TheGoodWomanofBangkok,1991(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 312
5 HeartsofDarkness:AFilmmaker’sApocalypse,1979;documentaryreleased1991
(CourtesyoftheEverettCollection) 354
6 IntheYearofthePig,1969(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 398
7 JazzonaSummer’sDay,LouisArmstrong,1960(CourtesyoftheEverettCollection) 452
8 TheLifeandTimesofRosietheRiveter,1980(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 550
9 ManwiththeMovieCamera,1929(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 603
10 MeinKampf(akadenblodigatiden)documentary,1960(CourtesyoftheEverett
Collection) 625
11 NanookoftheNorth,Nanook,1922,harpoon(CourtesyoftheEverettCollection) 665
12 Now,1965(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 690
13 Olympiad(akaOlympia1.Teil-FestderVolker),1938(CourtesyoftheEverettCollection) 693
14 PhantomIndia,1969(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 714
15 ThePlowthatBrokethePlains,1936(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 720
16 Roger&Me,MichaelMoore,withRhondaBritton(FlintsBunnyLady)andFredRoss
(RepoMan)infrontofaBuickad,1989(CourtesyoftheEverettCollection) 771
17 TheSilentWorld,JacquesCousteau,1956(CourtesyoftheEverettCollection) 846
18 South,1919(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 861
19 TireDié,1956,1959(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 911
20 ToDieinMadrid,1962(CourtesyoftheBritishFilmInstitute) 916
21 WhyWeFight(partfive,BattleofRussia),documentarybyFrankCapraandAnatole
Litvak,1943(CourtesyoftheEverettCollection) 1002
Board of advisers
AlanBurton AbéMarkusNornes
DepartmentofMediaandCulturalProduction,De DepartmentofAsianLanguages&Culturesand
MontfortUniversity DepartmentofFilmandVideo,Universityof
Michigan
JohnCorner
SchoolofPoliticsandCommunicationStudies, DerekPaget
UniversityofLiverpool DepartmentofFilm,TheatreandTelevision,
UniversityofReading
JackC.Ellis
MichaelRenov
ProfessorEmeritus,DepartmentofRadio,TVand
SchoolofCinema–TelevisionCriticalStudies,
Film,NorthwesternUniversity
UniversityofSouthernCalifornia
SylviaM.Harvey
AlanRosenthal
DepartmentofMediaProduction,University
CommunicationDepartment,HebrewUniversity
ofLincoln
WilliamRothman
KayHoffmann
SchoolofCommunication,UniversityofMiami
HausdesDokumentarfilms,Germany
VivianSobchack
BertHogenkamp
SchoolofTheater,FilmandTelevision,University
NetherlandsAudiovisualArchive
ofCalifornia,LosAngeles
JuliaLesage
ThomasWaugh
DepartmentofEnglish,UniversityofOregon DepartmentofCinema,ConcordiaUniversity
ScottMacDonald DeaneWilliams
DepartmentofFilmandElectronicArts, SchoolofLiterary,VisualandPerformance
BardCollege Studies,MonashUniversity
BillNichols BrianWinston
CinemaDepartment,SanFrancisco SchoolofCommunicationandCreativeIndustries,
StateUniversity UniversityofWestminster
List of contributors
IanAitken JeffBergin
HongKongBaptistUniversity Independentproducer
D.JaeAlexander RobertBeveridge
UniversityofSouthernMississippi NapierUniversity
SamaraL.Allsop MiraBinford
Independentscholar QuinnipiacUniversity
JoshuaAmberg BrettBowles
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles IowaStateUniversity
CarolynAnderson MelissaBromley
UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst BritishFilmInstituteNationalFilmand
TelevisionArchive
KevinTaylorAnderson
UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst JohnBurgan
Documentaryfilmmaker
RichardArmstrong
BritishFilmInstitute MarinaBurke
UniversityCollegeDublin
IsabelArredondo
StateUniversityofNewYork,Plattsburgh AlanBurton
DeMontfortUniversity
MichaelB.Baker
Independentscholar AndreasBusche
Filmcriticandfilmarchivist
KeesBakker
Independentproducerofdocumentaries LouButtino
UniversityofNorthCarolina,Wilmington
CharlesBane
LouisianaStateUniversity JoséCabezaSanDeogracias
ComplutenseUniversity,Madrid
IlisaBarbash
HarvardUniversity MaríaElenadelasCarreras-Kuntz
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,and
ElkeBartel
CaliforniaStateUniversity,Northridge
MiddleTennesseeStateUniversity
MichaelS.Casey
StefanoBaschiera GracelandUniversity
NationalUniversityofIreland,Cork
CatalinaCeron
GerdBayer Independentdirectorandproducerof
UniversityofWisconsin,Whitewater documentaries
PhillipBell MichaelChanan
UniversityofNewSouthWales,Australia UniversityoftheWestofEngland
NitzanBen-Shaul DavidChapman
Tel-AvivUniversity UniversityofEastLondon
Listofcontributors ix
ThomasCohen SethFeldman
RhodesCollege YorkUniversity,Canada
JohnCook RamonaFotiade
GlasgowCaledonianUniversity UniversityofGlasgow
PatA.Cook StevenR.Foxon
BrunelUniversity Independentscholar
SarahCooper HugoFrey
UniversityofCambridge UniversityCollege,Chichester
KirwanCox OliverGaycken
ConcordiaUniversity,Canada UniversityofChicago
SeanCubitt JeffreyGeiger
UniversityofWaikato,NewZealand UniversityofEssex
JacobiaDahm AaronGerow
JohannesGutenberg-University,Germany,and YaleUniversity
ColumbiaUniversity
HalGladfelder
FergusDaly UniversityofRochester
UniversityCollegeDublin
MarcyGoldberg
AmyL.Darnell UniversityofZurich
SouthernIllinoisUniversity,Carbondale
IanGoode
JonathanDawson UniversityofGlasgow
GriffithUniversity
BarryKeithGrant
AnnetteDeeken BrockUniversity,Canada
UniversityofTrier,Germany
LegerGrindon
DavidScottDiffrient MiddleburyCollege
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles
TomGrochowski
DeanDuncan QueensCollege,CityUniversityofNewYork
BrighamYoungUniversity
SapnaGupta
CamilleDeprez UniversityofCalgary
HongKongBaptistUniversity
RogerHallas
SarahEasen
SyracuseUniversity
BritishUniversitiesFilmandVideoCouncil
BenjaminHalligan
SuzanneEisenhut
YorkStJohnCollege,UniversityofLeeds
SanFranciscoStateUniversity
MartinHalliwell
JackC.Ellis
UniversityofLeicester
NorthwesternUniversity(emeritus)
BrittaHartmann
RobertA.Emmons,Jr
UniversitätderKünsteBerlin
RutgersUniversity,Camden
VinzenzHediger
LeoEnticknap
RuhrUniversity,Bochum,Germany
UniversityofTeesside,Middlesbrough
RafaeldeEspaña GillianHelfield
UniversityofBarcelona YorkUniversity,Toronto,Canada
DinoEverett WalterHess
UCLAFilmandTelevisionArchive Independentscholar
KirstyFairclough JeremyHicks
UniversityofSalford QueenMaryCollege,UniversityofLondon
TamaraL.Falicov ChristineMarieHilger
UniversityofKansas UniversityofTexasatDallas
x Listofcontributors
JimHillier MaximilianleCain
UniversityofReading Independentfilmmakerandwriter
RogerHillman CharlesLee
AustralianNationalUniversity StMartin’sCollege
LisaHinrichsen NeilLerner
BostonUniversity DavidsonCollege
KayHoffmann C.MelindaLevin
HausdesDokumentarfilms,Germany UniversityofNorthTexas
BertHogenkamp Jean-LucLioult
NetherlandsInstituteforSoundandVision,and UniversitédeProvence
UtrechtUniversity
DerekLoh
BruceHorsfield
AndréLoiselle
UniversityofSouthernQueensland
CarletonUniversity
KerrHouston
AliceLovejoy
MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt
YaleUniversity
AmandaHowell
DavidM.Lugowski
GriffithUniversity
ManhattanvilleCollege
RobertHunt
CatherineLupton
WebsterUniversity
RoehamptonUniversityofSurrey
MichaelIngham
TheresaC.Lynch
LingnanUniversity
UniversityofNewHampshire
DinaIordanova
SusanMcFarlane-Alvarez
UniversityofLeicester
GeorgiaStateUniversity
JeffreyIsaacs
UniversityofChicago HeatherMcIntosh
PennsylvaniaStateUniversity
GunnarIversen
TrondheimUniversity,Norway LukeMcKernan
BritishUniversitiesFilmandVideoCouncil
D.B.Jones
DrexelUniversity MishaMacLaird
Writerandeditorialcontractor
ChrisJordan
PennsylvaniaStateUniversity JoshuaMalitsky
NorthwesternUniversity
VerónicaJordana
Independentscholar StarrMarcello
Independentscholar
UliJung
UniversityofTrier,Germany GinaMarchetti
BrettKashmere UniversityofHongKong
ConcordiaUniversity,Canada
HarrietMargolis
AlexanderL.Kaufman VictoriaUniversityofWellington,
PurdueUniversity NewZealand
TammyA.Kinsey ChristopherMeir
UniversityofToledo ConcordiaUniversity,Canada
MichaelKogge PaulMiller
FulbrightScholarinIceland,2000–1 DavidsonCollege
YvesLaberge ÁngelMiquel
FilmhistorianandSeriesEditor,CinémaetSociété, UniversidadAutónomadelEstadodeMorelos,
LesPressesdel’UniversitéLaval Mexico
SuzanneLanglois JulioMontero
YorkUniversity,Canada ComplutenseUniversity,Madrid