Table Of ContentR. von Steiger (cid:2) G. Gloeckler (cid:2) G.M. Mason
Editors
The Composition of Matter
Symposium honouring Johannes Geiss on the occasion
of his 80th birthday
Introduction by R. von Steiger, G. Gloeckler and G.M. Mason
Previously published in Space Science Reviews Volume 130,
Issues 1–4, 2007
RudolfvonSteiger GeorgeGloeckler
InternationalSpaceScienceInstitute(ISSI), UniversityofMichigan
Bern,Switzerland AnnArborMI,USA
GlennM.Mason
APL,JohnsHopkinsUniversity
Laurel,MD,USA
Coverillustration:CourtesyofNASA.http://www.apolloarchive.com/apollo_gallery.html
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Contents
Foreword
(cid:3) (cid:3)
R.vonSteiger G.Gloeckler G.M.Mason 1
Acknowledgement
JohannesGeiss 3
SECTIONI:LINKINGPRIMORDIALTOSOLARCOMPOSITION
LinkingPrimordialtoSolarandGalacticComposition
(cid:3)
J.Geiss G.Gloeckler 5
OriginandEvolutionoftheLightNuclides
N.Prantzos 27
AbundancesofLightElements
R.G.Gratton 43
TheMilkyWay3-HeliumAbundance
(cid:3) (cid:3)
T.M.Bania R.T.Rood D.S.Balser 53
DarkMatterSearches
K.Pretzl 63
CometsandChemicalComposition
(cid:3)
S.N.Delanoye J.deKeyser 73
ElementalAbundancesoftheBulkSolarWind:AnalysesfromGenesisandACE
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
D.B.Reisenfeld D.S.Burnett R.H.Becker A.G.Grimberg V.S.Heber
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
C.M.Hohenberg A.J.G.Jurewicz A.Meshik R.O.Pepin J.M.Raines
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
D.J.Schlutter R.Wieler R.C.Wiens T.H.Zurbuchen 79
SECTIONII:PLANETARYSAMPLES
PresolarGrainsinMeteoritesandTheirCompositions
U.Ott 87
PlanetaryAtmospheres
T.C.Owen 97
SECTIONIII:SOLARSOURCESANDFRACTIONATIONPROCESSES
TheSolarChemicalComposition
(cid:3) (cid:3)
N.Grevesse M.Asplund A.J.Sauval 105
SpectroscopicMeasurementofCoronalCompositions
(cid:3)
U.Feldman K.G.Widing 115
SolarGamma-RaySpectroscopy
R.J.Murphy 127
TheCompositionoftheSolarWindinPolarCoronalHoles
(cid:3)
G.Gloeckler J.Geiss 139
AccelerationandCompositionofSolarWindSuprathermalTails
(cid:3)
L.A.Fisk G.Gloeckler 153
SolarandSolar-WindCompositionResultsfromtheGenesisMission
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
R.C.Wiens D.S.Burnett C.M.Hohenberg A.Meshik V.Heber A.Grimberg
(cid:3)
R.Wieler D.B.Reisenfeld 161
IsotopicCompositionoftheSolarWindInferredfromIn-SituSpacecraft
Measurements
(cid:3) (cid:3)
R.Kallenbach K.Bamert M.Hilchenbach 173
SolarElementalCompositionBasedonStudiesofSolarEnergeticParticles
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
C.M.S.Cohen R.A.Mewaldt R.A.Leske A.C.Cummings E.C.Stone
(cid:3) (cid:3)
M.E.Wiedenbeck T.T.vonRosenvinge G.M.Mason 183
SolarIsotopicCompositionasDeterminedUsingSolarEnergeticParticles
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
R.A.Leske R.A.Mewaldt C.M.S.Cohen A.C.Cummings E.C.Stone
(cid:3)
M.E.Wiedenbeck T.T.vonRosenvinge 195
OntheDifferencesinCompositionbetweenSolarEnergeticParticlesandSolarWind
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
R.A.Mewaldt C.M.S.Cohen G.M.Mason A.C.Cummings M.I.Desai
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
R.A.Leske J.Raines E.C.Stone M.E.Wiedenbeck T.T.vonRosenvinge
T.H.Zurbuchen 207
WhatDeterminestheCompositionofSEPsinGradualEvents?
M.A.Lee 221
3He-RichSolarEnergeticParticleEvents
G.M.Mason 231
EvidenceforaTwo-StageAccelerationProcessinLargeSolarEnergeticParticle
Events
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
M.I.Desai G.M.Mason R.E.Gold S.M.Krimigis C.M.S.Cohen R.A.Mewaldt
(cid:3)
J.E.Mazur J.R.Dwyer 243
ParticleAccelerationatInterplanetaryShocks
(cid:3) (cid:3)
G.P.Zank G.Li O.Verkhoglyadova 255
IonicChargeStatesofSolarEnergeticParticles:ACluetotheSource
(cid:3) (cid:3)
B.Klecker E.Möbius M.A.Popecki 273
PickupIonsandCosmicRaysfromDustintheHeliosphere
(cid:3)
N.A.Schwadron G.Gloeckler 283
CompositionofLightSolarWindNobleGasesintheBulkMetallicGlassflownon
theGenesisMission
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
A.Grimberg D.S.Burnett P.Bochsler H.Baur R.Wieler 293
Fe/ORatiosinInterplanetaryShockAcceleratedParticles
(cid:3) (cid:3)
H.V.Cane I.G.Richardson T.T.vonRosenvinge 301
TheGenesisSolarWindConcentratorTarget:MassFractionationCharacterisedby
NeonIsotopes
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
V.S.Heber R.C.Wiens D.B.Reisenfeld J.H.Allton H.Baur D.S.Burnett
(cid:3) (cid:3)
C.T.Olinger U.Wiechert R.Wieler 309
NickelIsotopicCompositionandNickel/IronRatiointheSolarWind:Resultsfrom
SOHO/CELIAS/MTOF
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
R.Karrer P.Bochsler C.Giammanco F.M.Ipavich J.A.Paquette P.Wurz 317
Long-TermFluencesofSolarEnergeticParticlesfromHtoFe
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
R.A.Mewaldt C.M.S.Cohen G.M.Mason D.K.Haggerty M.I.Desai 323
DeterminationofSulfurAbundanceintheSolarWind
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
C.Giammanco P.Bochsler R.Karrer F.M.Ipavich J.A.Paquette P.Wurz 329
AnUpdateonUltra-HeavyElementsinSolarEnergeticParticlesabove10
MeV/Nucleon
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
R.A.Leske R.A.Mewaldt C.M.S.Cohen A.C.Cummings E.C.Stone
(cid:3)
M.E.Wiedenbeck T.T.vonRosenvinge 335
SECTIONIV:INTERSTELLARGAS
TheLocalInterstellarMedium:PeculiarorNot?
R.Lallement 341
TheLocalBubbleandInterstellarMaterialNeartheSun
P.C.Frisch 355
D/HandNearbyInterstellarCloudStructures
J.L.Linsky 367
FiltrationofInterstellarAtomsthroughtheHeliosphericInterface
V.V.Izmodenov 377
CompositionofAnomalousCosmicRays
(cid:3)
A.C.Cummings E.C.Stone 389
InterstellarDustintheSolarSystem
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
H.Krüger M.Landgraf N.Altobelli E.Grün 401
TheChemicalCompositionofInterstellarMatterattheSolarLocation
(cid:3)
J.D.Slavin P.C.Frisch 409
SECTIONV:COSMICRAYS
AnOverviewoftheOriginofGalacticCosmicRaysasInferredfromObservations
ofHeavyIonCompositionandSpectra
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
M.E.Wiedenbeck W.R.Binns A.C.Cummings A.J.Davis G.A.deNolfo
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
M.H.Israel R.A.Leske R.A.Mewaldt E.C.Stone T.T.vonRosenvinge 415
GalacticWind:MassFractionationandCosmicRayAcceleration
H.J.Völk 431
OBAssociations,Wolf–RayetStars,andtheOriginofGalacticCosmicRays
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
W.R.Binns M.E.Wiedenbeck M.Arnould A.C.Cummings G.A.deNolfo
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
S.Goriely M.H.Israel R.A.Leske R.A.Mewaldt G.Meynet L.M.Scott
(cid:3)
E.C.Stone T.T.vonRosenvinge 439
GEMSattheGalacticCosmic-RaySource
(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)
A.J.Westphal A.M.Davis J.Levine M.J.Pellin M.R.Savina 451
TheUltraHeavyElementsintheCosmicRadiation
C.J.Waddington 457
TheCompositionofCosmicRaysandtheMixingoftheInterstellarMedium
(cid:3)
R.E.Lingenfelter J.C.Higdon 465
SECTIONVI:BIRTHDAYSYMPOSIUM
JohannesGeissContributionstotheEarlyUniverseAbundances
H.Reeves 475
JohannesGeiss:TheHumbleBeginningsofanOctogenarian
F.Begemann 479
JohannesGeiss’InvestigationsofSolar,HeliosphericandInterstellarMatter
(cid:3)
G.Gloeckler L.A.Fisk 489
JohannesGeiss:ExploreroftheElements
T.H.Zurbuchen 515
SpaceSciRev(2007)130:1–2
DOI10.1007/s11214-007-9241-z
Foreword
Publishedonline:18July2007
It was at the Fall AGU Meeting in 2005—at which Johannes Geiss received the Bowie
Medal—that representatives of both the ACE mission and of ISSI first came together to
exploreideasforaSymposiumontheCompositionofMatter.Animportantaspectofthe
symposium was to honour Johannes’ lifetime achievements on the occasion of his 80th
birthdaybybringingtogetherallcommunitiesworkingoncomposition,oneoftheprincipal
topicsofhiswork.ThisincludednotonlytheACEscienceteambutalsoUlysses,SoHO,
Genesis,Stardust,andmanyothermissions.ThesymposiumwastobeorganisedbyISSI,
whichisanotherbrainchildofJohannes.
The purpose of the symposium was to explore new insights into the composition of
solar-systemandgalacticmatter,andfractionationprocessesaffectingsamplesofthismat-
ter. These new findings have been brought about by recent space missions, ground-based
studies, and theoretical advances. The symposium was convened by G.M. Mason (chair),
P. Bochsler, J.J. Connell, G. Gloeckler, M.H. Israel, R.A. Mewaldt, R. von Steiger, M.E.
Wiedenbeck,andT.H.Zurbuchen.Theconvenorscompiledaprogramofoverview,invited,
contributed,andposterpresentationsthatwasorganisedintofivesessions:Linkingprimor-
dialtosolarcomposition,Planetarysamples,Solarsourcesandfractionationprocesses,In-
terstellargas,andCosmicrays.
ThesymposiumwasheldinGrindelwaldintheSwissAlpsonSeptember6–10,2006,
andattendedbysome70participants.Oneafternoonwasdevotedtoaspecialsessionhigh-
lightingJohannes’lifetimecontributionstostudiesofthecompositionofmatter,withspeak-
ersH.Reeves,F.Begemann,andG.Gloeckler,whowereamonghisclosestcollaborators
duringdifferentphasesofhiscareer.Thesessionwasfollowedbyanexcursionanddinner,
whereamoviebyT.H.ZurbuchenandB.GrimmaboutthescientificlifeofJohanneswas
screenedforthefirsttime.
Thestructureofthevolumeathandlargelyfollowsthestructureofthesymposium.The
editorsarehappythatitincludesalmostalloftheoverviewandinvitedpapersandmanyof
thecontributedones;wethanktheauthorsfortheirtimelywork.Allpapersinthevolume
have been thoroughly reviewed, and the excellent referee reports have contributed signifi-
cantlytothequalityofthepapers.Wearegratefultotherefereesfortheirgenerallyunder-
acknowledged,yetveryimportantwork.Thevolumeisconcludedwithaspecialpaperabout
Johannes’scientificlifeasfeaturedinthemoviementionedabove;themovieitselfislinked
asanelectronicsupplementtothatpaperandcanbeviewedviatheSpringerwebsite.
ItisourpleasuretothankallthosewhohavemadethisSymposiumpossibleandsuccess-
ful.FirstofallwethankE.C.Stone,PrincipalInvestigatoroftheACETeam,andR.M.Bon-
net,ExecutiveDirectorofISSI,fortheirgeneroussponsorship.Wealsothankthelocalor-
ganisationteamledbyB.GerberandS.Wengerfortheirprofessionalworkthatguaranteed
asmoothdevelopmentoftheentireprogram.Furtherwethankallsymposiumparticipants
for giving inspiring presentations and contributing to the lively discussions. But above all
2 Foreword
wethankJohannesforprovidinguswiththeoccasiontogatherinhisnameandforshaping
andsupportingthecareersofsomanyofus.
May2007
R.vonSteiger,G.Gloeckler,G.M.Mason
SpaceSciRev(2007)130:3–4
DOI10.1007/s11214-007-9240-0
Acknowledgement
Publishedonline:21July2007
©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2007
Earlyin2006,EdwardC.Stone,PrincipalInvestigatorofNASA’sAdvancedComposition
Explorer(ACE);LenA.Fisk,ChairoftheSpaceStudiesBoardoftheUSNationalResearch
Council;andtheDirectorateoftheInternationalSpaceScienceInstitute(ISSI),RogerM.
Bonnet,AndreBaloghandRudolfvonSteiger,agreedtoholdajointACE/ISSISymposium
onthe“CompositionofMatter”,attheoccasionofmy80thbirthday.Ifeeldeeplyhonoured
bythisexceptionaldistinctionandwasthrilledtoparticipate,becauseformorethan50years
myresearchhasbeencentredaroundmeasurementsofthecompositionofmatterofvarious
origins,reaching—ingeocentriccoordinates—fromdeep-seasedimentstothelimitsofsolar
influence,wherecometscomefromandwherethesolarwindmeetstheinterstellarmedium.
The symposium at Grindelwald, beautifully located at the foot of the Bernese Alps, was
organisedbyRuedivonSteiger,SilviaWengerandBarbaraGerber,whocreatedthespecial
atmosphereforwhichISSImeetingshavebecomeknown.
ThepresentationsatthesymposiumandthediscussionsachievedwhattheProgramme
Committee,chairedbyGlennMason,hadintended:toexplorenewinsightsintocomposition
andevolutionofsolar-systemandgalacticmatterthathavebeenbroughtaboutbyACEand
otherrecentspacecraftmeasurements,andbyground-basedobservations.TheSymposium
showedthatcompositionmeasurements,iftheyaretobefullyexploited,requireinterdisci-
plinaryinterpretation.Theauthorsandtheeditorsinparticulararetobecongratulatedfor
clearlybringingthisoutinthisvolume.
MyspecialthanksgotoHubertReeves,FriedrichBegemannandGeorgeGloecklerwho
talkedaboutmycontributionstothestudyofthecompositionofmatter.Someofthemost
successfulofthesestudiesweredonejointlywithoneortheotherofthesethreefriends,and
tothisdayIcherishthespiritbywhichwesearchedfornewinsightsandsometimeseven
foundthem.ThedinneratGiessbach,abovethelakeofBrienz,wasprecededbyaverynice
film,createdandprofessionallyproducedbyThomasZurbuchenandBrianGrimm,about
the many stages in my professional life. A splendid birthday present! Before, during and
afterdinner,RogerBonnet,PeterCreola,LenFisk,ChrisGloeckler,EdStone,HeinzVölk
andEwaldWeibelgaveasetofelegant,thoughtful,witty,andhumorousspeeches.These
speeches and the film drew a picture of me and my efforts and achievements in science,
science policy and politics that were certainly too complimentary. But I thoroughly liked
andenjoyedthem,andsodidCarmenandthecolleaguesandfriendsthatwereassembled.
Manythankstoallwhocontributedtothismemorablesymposium!
June2007
JohannesGeiss
4
1.A.Balogh 12.S.Krimigis 23.M.Wiedenbeck 34.F.Allegrini
2.V.Izmodenov 13.R.Mewaldt 24.S.Delanoye 35.G.Zank
3.L.Fisk 14.H.Krüger 25.T.Zurbuchen 36.A.Westphal
4.U.Ott 15.R.Lallement 26.G.Flynn 37.J.Waddington
5.R.vonSteiger 16.M.Desai 27.R.Karrer 38.A.Grimberg
6.H.Völk 17.W.Binns 28.R.Leske 39.R.Kallenbach
7.G.Gloeckler 18.G.Mason 29.J.Geiss 40.T.vonRosenvinge
8.E.Möbius 19.M.Lee 30.M.Israel 41.P.Bochsler
9.R.Marsden 20.A.Kilchenmann 31.C.Cohen 42.C.Giammanco
10.B.Klecker 21.P.Frisch 32.R.Murphy
11.N.Grevesse 22.A.Cummings 33.E.Stone
