The Complete Dinosaur

1157 Pages·2012·34.349 MB·English

by  Michael K. Brett-Surman, Thomas R. Holtz Jr., James O. Farlow

The Complete Dinosaur
LIFE OF THE PAST James O. Farlow, editor
INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS Bloomington & Indianapolis
T H E C O M P L E T E
D I N O S A U R
Edited by
M. K. Brett-Surman
Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.
James O. Farlow
Bob Walters, Art Consultant SECOND EDITION
The editors offer special thanks to Jim The paper used in this publication
Whitcraft for creating the illustrations that meets the minimum requirements of the
appear on the opening page of each chapter. American National Standard for Information
Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed
This book is a publication of Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1992.
Indiana University Press Manufactured in the
601 North Morton Street United States of America
Bloomington, Indiana 47404-3797 USA
Library of Congress
iupress.indiana.edu Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Telephone orders 800-842-6796 The complete dinosaur / edited by M. K. Brett-
Fax orders 812-855-7931 Surman, Thomas R. Holtz Jr., and James O.
Farlow ; Bob Walters, art director. – 2nd ed.
© 2012 by Indiana University Press p. cm. – (Life of the past)
Includes index.
All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-253-35701-4 (cl : alk.
paper) – ISBN 978-0-253-00849-7
No part of this book may be reproduced or (ebook) 1. Dinosaurs. I. Brett-Surman,
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic M. K., [date]- II. Holtz, Thomas R.,
or mechanical, including photocopying [date]- III. Farlow, James Orville [date].
and recording, or by any information QE862.D5C697 2012
storage and retrieval system, without 567.9 – dc23
permission in writing from the publisher. 2011050297
The Association of American University
Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes 1 2 3 4 5 17 16 15 14 13 12
the only exception to this prohibition.
This second edition is dedicated to our colleagues, and our friends:
Halszka Osmólska
John H. Ostrom
John S. McIntosh
W. A. S. Sarjeant
Edwin Colbert
Tobe Wilkins
Jim Adams
Robin Reid
Donna Engard
Thomas Jericho
You advanced our science. You made a difference.
The editors wish to thank the staff at Indiana University Press for their
hard work and dedication, which allowed our “opusaurus” to be born
after a ten-year gestation.

Contents Dinosauria ix
Contributors xi
Appendix: Dinosaur-Related Websites 1073
Glossary 1075
Index 1083
Part 1 1 Dinosaurs: The Earliest Discoveries
The Discovery of Dinosaurs 3 David A. E. Spalding and †William A. S. Sarjeant
2 Politics and Paleontology: Richard Owen and the Invention of Dinosaurs
25 Hugh S. Torrens
3 European Dinosaur Hunters of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
45 Hans-Dieter Sues
4 North American Dinosaur Hunters
61 †Edwin H. Colbert, David D. Gillette, and Ralph E. Molnar
5 The Search for Dinosaurs in Asia
73 Corwin Sullivan, David W. E. Hone, and Xing Xu
6 Dinosaur Hunters of the Southern Continents
107 Thomas R. Holtz Jr.
Part 2 7 Hunting for Dinosaur Bones
The Study of Dinosaurs 121 David D. Gillette
8 The Osteology of the Dinosaurs
135 Thomas R. Holtz Jr. and M. K. Brett-Surman
9 Reconstructing the Musculature of Dinosaurs
151 David W. Dilkes, John R. Hutchinson, Casey M. Holliday, and Lawrence M. Witmer
10 Dinosaur Paleoneurology
191 Emily Buchholtz
11 The Taxonomy and Systematics of the Dinosaurs
209 Thomas R. Holtz Jr. and M. K. Brett-Surman
12 Dinosaurs and Geologic Time
225 James I. Kirkland and James O. Farlow
13 Technology and the Study of Dinosaurs
247 Ralph E. Chapman, Art Andersen, Brent H. Breithaupt, and Neffra A. Matthews
14 Claws, Scales, Beaks, and Feathers: Molecular Traces in the Fossil Record
273 Mary Higby Schweitzer and Mark Marshall
15 Dinosaurs as Museum Exhibits
285 Kenneth Carpenter
16 Restoring Dinosaurs as Living Animals
305 Douglas Henderson
Part 3 17 Evolution of the Archosaurs
The Clades of Dinosaurs 317 J. Michael Parrish
18 Origin and Early Evolution of Dinosaurs
331 Michael J. Benton
19 Theropods
347 Thomas R. Holtz Jr.
20 Birds
379 Darren Naish
21 Basal Sauropodomorpha: The “Prosauropods”
425 Adam M. Yates
22 Sauropoda
445 Jeffrey A. Wilson and Kristina Curry Rogers
23 Stegosaurs
483 Peter M. Galton
24 Ankylosaurs
505 Kenneth Carpenter
25 Marginocephalia
527 Peter Makovicky
26 Ornithopods
551 Richard J. Butler and Paul M. Barrett
Part 4 27 Land Plants as a Source of Food and Environment in the Age of Dinosaurs
Paleobiology of the Dinosaurs 569 Bruce H. Tiffney
28 What Did Dinosaurs Eat: Coprolites and Other Direct Evidence of Dinosaur Diets
589 Karen Chin
29 Reproductive Biology of Dinosaurs
603 Terry D. Jones and Nicholas R. Geist
30 Dinosaur Eggs
613 Darla K. Zelenitsky, John R. Horner, and François Therrien
31 How Dinosaurs Grew
621 †R. E. H. Reid (with introductory note by Gregory M. Erickson)
32 Engineering a Dinosaur
637 Donald Henderson
33 Disease in Dinosaurs
667 Elizabeth Rega
34 The Scientific Study of Dinosaur Footprints
713 James O. Farlow, Ralph E. Chapman, Brent Breithaupt, and Neffra Matthews
35 The Role of Heterochrony in Dinosaur Evolution
761 Kenneth J. McNamara and John A. Long
36 Metabolic Physiology of Dinosaurs and Early Birds
785 John A. Ruben, Terry D. Jones, Nicholas R. Geist, Willem J. Hillenius, Amy E. Harwell, and Devon E. Quick
37 Evidence for Avian-Mammalian Aerobic Capacity and Thermoregulation in Mesozoic Dinosaurs
819 Gregory S. Paul
38 “Intermediate” Dinosaurs: The Case Updated
873 †R. E. H. Reid
Part 5 39 Principles of Paleobiogeography in the Mesozoic
Dinosaur Evolution in the Mesozoic 925 Ralph E. Molnar
40 Non-Dinosaurian Vertebrates
959 Nicholas C. Fraser
41 Early Mesozoic Continental Tetrapods and Faunal Changes
989 Hans-Dieter Sues
42 Dinosaurian Faunas of the Later Mesozoic
1003 Matthew T. Carrano
43 Dinosaur Extinction: Past and Present Perspectives
1027 J. David Archibald
44 Life after Death: Dinosaur Fossils in Human Hands
1039 Daniel J. Chure
45 Dinosaurs and Evolutionary Theory
1057 Kevin Padian and Elisabeth K. Burton
Dinosauria
D
In April 1842, Richard Owen coined the term Dinosauria in a footnote on
page 103 of his Report on British Fossil Reptiles, and defined this new name
as meaning “fearfully great, a lizard.” Since that time the name has always,
incorrectly, been translated as “terrible lizard.” How did this etymological
and aesthetic error occur? Modern dictionaries always give the meaning of
deinos as “terrible.” This is correct, if one uses the word as an adjective – but
Owen used the superlative form of deinos, just as did Homer in the Iliad.
A check of a Greek–English lexicon from Owen’s time will confirm this
(Donnegan 1832). Dinosaurs are not lizards, nor are they terrible. They are,
instead, the world’s most famous living superlative.
J.O.F. and M.K.B.-S.
Farlow, J. O., and M. K. Brett-Surman. enlarged by R. B. Patton. Boston: Hill- References
1997. The Complete Dinosaur. Bloom- iard, Gray.
ington: Indiana University Press. Owen, R. 1842. Report on British Fossil
Donnegan, J., MD. 1832. A New Greek and Reptiles. Part II. Report of the Eleventh
English Lexicon: Principally on the Plan Meeting of the British Association
of the Greek and German Lexicon of for the Advancement of Science 1841:
Schneider. First American edition from 60–204.
the second London edition, revised and
ix