Table Of ContentTHE COMMONWEALTH IN THE 1980s
Also edited by A. J. R. Groom and Paul Taylor
FUNCTIONALISM
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: A Conceptual Approach
Also by A. J. R. Groom
THE MANAGEMENT OF BRITAIN'S EXTERNAL RELATIONS
(editor with Robert Boardman)
BRITISH THINKING ABOUT NUCLEAR WEAPONS
THE STUDY OF WORLD SOCIETY: A London Perspective (with
J. W. Burton, A. V. S. De Reuck and C. R. Mitchell)
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY: A Critical Bibliog
raphy (editor with C. R. Mitchell)
BRITAIN BETWEEN EAST AND WEST: Concerned Independence
(with J. W. Burton, Margot Light, C. R. Mitchell and D. Sandole)
STRATEGY AND CONFLICT IN THE MODERN WORLD
Also by Paul Taylor
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TODAY
THE LIMITS OF INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES
A SURVEY OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (editor)
THE COMMONWEALTH
IN THE 1980s
Challenges and Opportunities
Edited by
A. J. R. Groom
University of Kent at Canterbury
and Centre for the Analysis of Conflict
and
Paul Taylor
London School of Economics
and Political Science
M
MACMILLAN
©A. J. R. Groom and Paul Taylor 1984
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 978-0-333-30073-2
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form
or by any means, without permission
First edition 1984
Reprinted 1989
Published by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
London and Basingstoke
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
Filmset by Latimer Trend & Company Ltd, Plymouth
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Groom, A. J. R.
The Commonwealth in the 1980s
1. Commonwealth of Nations
I. Title II. Taylor, Paul, 1939-
909'.09712410828 DA18
ISBN 978-1-349-05693-4 ISBN 978-1-349-05691-0 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-349-05691-0
Contents
Notes on the Contributors
Vll
Preface Xl
PARTI THEFRAMEWORK
The Continuing Commonwealth: its Origins and Character
istics
A. J. R. Groom and Paul Taylor 3
2 The Commonwealth Secretariat
Margaret Doxey 15
3 Regionalism and the Commonwealth
A. E. Thorndike 40
PART II FUNCTIONAL DIMENSIONS
4 The Commonwealth Youth Programme and Youth-oriented
Activities
L. S. Trachtenberg 55
5 Education
Ruth Butterworth (with a Note on Regional Examination
Councils by L. S. Trachtenberg) 65
6 The Arts: an Emerging Dimension
A. J. R. Groom 83
7 Science and Technology: the Commonwealth Dimension
Kaye Turner 94
8 Commonwealth Co-operation in the Field of Health
John Martin 107
9 Military Ties
William Gutteridge 116
10 Law of the Commonwealth
Alfred M. Kamanda 125
v
VI Contents
II The Residual Legatee: Economic Co-operation in the
Contemporary Commonwealth
Arthur Kilgore and James Mayall 140
12 By Way of Comparison: French Relations with Former
Colonies
R. J. Harrison 166
PART III HIGH POLITICS
13 Continuity without Consensus: the Commonwealth Heads
of Government Meetings, 1971-81
Michael O'Neill 185
14 Conflict Management in the Commonwealth
C. R. Mitchell 225
15 Migration in the Commonwealth
Hugh Tinker 244
16 The Existing Dependencies
L. S. Trachtenberg 260
PART IV CONCLUSIONS
17 The Commonwealth as an International Organisation
A. J. R. Groom 293
18 The Commonwealth in the 1980s: Challenges and
Opportunities
Paul Taylor 305
Appendices
A The Commonwealth- Members and Organisations 327
B The Agreed Memorandum on the Commonwealth Secretariat 338
C The Declaration of Commonwealth Principles 346
D Commonwealth Statement on Apartheid in Sport (The Gleneagles
Agreement) 348
E The Lusaka Declaration of the Commonwealth on Racism and
Racial Prejudice 350
F The Melbourne Declaration 353
Bibliography 355
Index of Authors, Politicians, etc. 362
Index of Subjects 365
Notes on the Contributors
Dr Ruth Butterworth is Associate Professor in Political Studies,
University of Auckland. She was formerly Research Officer, Royal
Institute of Public Administration, and Deputy Personnel Manager,
Simpson (Piccadilly) Ltd. She is the author of numerous papers on the
politics of education and information, and on Southern African affairs.
Dr Margaret Doxey was born and educated in Britain. She has taught
economics and international relations at South African and Canadian
universities and worked in industry and government in Britain. She has
been Professor of Political Studies at Trent University, Ontario, since
1976, and is the author of Economic Sanctions and International
Enforcement (2nd edition published by Macmillan for the Royal
Institute of International Affairs in 1980). She has also contributed
articles on aspects of international organisation to International
Aj}[<irs, International Journal, International Organization, the Year Book
of World Affairs, and other periodicals.
Dr A. J. R. Groom is Reader in International Relations at the University
of Kent at Canterbury and Co-Director of the Centre for the Analysis of
Conflict. He previously taught at University College London. He is the
author (or co-author) of several books, including British Thinking about
Nuclear Weapons, Britain between East and West and Strategy and
Conflict in the Modern World, and co-editor of five volumes of original
essays.
William Gutteridge is Professor Emeritus of International Studies at the
University of Aston in Birmingham. He taught previously at Sandhurst
and Lanchester Polytechnic in Coventry. His books include Armed
Forces in New States, Military Institutions and Power in New States, The
Military in African Politics, Military Regim~s in Africa, European
Security, Nuclear Weapons and Public Confidence (co-editor), and The
Dangers of New Weapon Systems (co-editor).
Vll
viii Notes on the Contributors
Dr R. J. Harrison taught politics at Victoria University, Wellington,
from 1957 to 1967 and was a well-known broadcaster and television
commentator in New Zealand. Following a developing interest in
European politics and European integration, he returned to England in
1967 and is now Senior Lecturer at the University of Lancaster. He is the
author of Europe in Question, Pluralism and Corporatism and a large
number of articles and reviews. He spent 1981-2 as Visiting Fellow,
Victoria University, Wellington.
Dr Alfred M. Kamanda was born in Sierra Leone. He is presently Senior
Lecturer in Law at the Polytechnic of Central London. He was
previously Legal Officer at the ILO, Principal Secretary in the Foreign
Office of Sierra Leone and High Commissioner of Sierra Leone in
London as well as Professor of International Law at Leuven, Belgium.
Arthur Kilgore is a research student and tutor in international organi
sations, in the Department of International Relations at the London
School of Economics.
Dr John Martin is a medical graduate of Queen's University, Belfast.
Following a year in Bangladesh he undertook postgraduate studies in
community health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine. He has worked as a community physician in the East End of
London and as a consultant to the Medical Division of the Com
monwealth Secretariat. Since 1979 Dr Martin has been working as
Adviser on Primary Health Care to the Government of Zambia.
James Mayall is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the
London School of Economics. He has published widely on the theory of
international relations, and is the author of a volume on international
relations in Africa.
Dr C. R. Mitchell has taught international relations at University
College London, at Southampton University and at the University of
Surrey. He is currently Senior Lecturer at The City University, London,
where he continues research into various forms of conflict management
and dispute settlement. He is the author of The Structure ofI nternational
Conflict (Macmillan, 1981), Peacemaking and the Consultant's Role and
numerous articles and reviews on social and international conflict.
Notes on the Contributors IX
Dr Michael O'Neill is Lecturer in the Department of Political Studies
at Sheffield City Polytechnic. His research interest lies in the post
colonial relationship with a developing interest in the attitudes and
approaches of French politicians to their former colonies.
Dr Paul Taylor is Lecturer in International Relations at the London
School of Economics and Political Science. He has published widely on
international organisations and on the European Communities, and
teaches these subjects.
Dr A. E. Thorndike is currently Head of the Department oflnternational
Relations and Politics at the North Staffordshire Polytechnic, Stoke-on
Trent. He is a specialist in Caribbean and Central American political
affairs, several articles on which have been published.
Hugh Tinker is Professor of Politics in the University of Lancaster and
formerly Director of the Institute of Race Relations. He is the author of
a number of books on South and South-East Asia, including three on
the emigrant communities from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, and of
Race, Conflict and the International Order: from Empire to United
Nations (Macmillan, 1977).
Kaye Turner is currently a Research Fellow at the Institute of African
Studies at the University of Zambia. She is working on urban
community research. A New Zealander, Kaye Turner has co-edited
Women and the Law in New Zealand.
L. S. Trachtenberg is Associate Director of Studies of the University of
Southern California's UK Program. He is currently completing a PhD
on the United Nations at the London School of Economics and Political
Science.
