The colonial origins of ethnic violence in India

294 Pages·2016·16.938 MB·English

by  Verghese, Ajay

The Colonial Origins
of Ethnic Violence in India
THE WALTER H. SHORENSTEIN
ASIA-PACIFIC RESEARCH CENTER
Studies of the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center
Andrew G. Walder, General Editor
The Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center in the Freeman
Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University sponsors
interdisciplinary research on the politics, economies, and societies of
contemporary Asia. This monograph series features academic and policy-
oriented research by Stanford faculty and other scholars associated with
the Center.
also published in the
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The Colonial Origins
of Ethnic Violence in India
Ajay Verghese
Stanford University Press
Stanford, California
Stanford University Press
Stanford, California
© 2016 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University.
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or in any informa-
tion storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Stanford
University Press.
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Verghese, Ajay, author.
The colonial origins of ethnic violence in India / Ajay Verghese.
pages cm—(Studies of the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978-0-8047-9562-3 (cloth : alk. paper)—
isbn 978-0-8047-9813-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)—
isbn 978-0-8047-9817-4 (electronic)
1. Ethnic conflict—India. 2. Political violence—India. 3. India—Ethnic relations.
4. India—Colonial influence. I. Title. II. Series: Studies of the Walter H. Shoren-
stein Asia-Pacific Research Center.
hn690.z9s6284 2016
305.800954—dc23
2015028115
Typeset by Bruce Lundquist in 11/14 Adobe Garamond
Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgments xi
List of Abbreviations xv
Glossary of Key Terms xvii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1—Colonialism, Institutions, and Ethnic Violence in India 15
Chapter 2—Violence in North India: Jaipur and Ajmer 57
Chapter 3—Violence in South India: Malabar and Travancore 97
Chapter 4—Explaining Violence in East India: Bastar 149
Chapter 5—Patterns of Ethnic Violence Across Contemporary India 167
Chapter 6—The Indian Model of Colonialism 183
Conclusion 201
Appendix 1: Archival Research 217
Appendix 2: Elite Interviews 219
Appendix 3: Secondary Source Research (online)*
Appendix 4: Quantitative Analysis (online)*
Notes 221
Bibliography 239
Index 265
*Appendix 3 and Appendix 4 can be found online at http://sites.google.com/site/ajayaverghese/home/data.

List of Illustrations
Figures
Figure 1.1: Communal Composition of Mughal Mansabdars 17
Figure 1.2: Ethnic Stratification in Colonial India 35
Figure 3.1: Evictions in Malabar, 1862 to 1880 135
Figure 3.2: Land Tenure System in Kerala, 1957 to 1958 144
Maps
Map I.1: Location of Case Studies 12
Map 1.1: British Provinces and the Princely States, 1909 23
Map 2.1: Colonial Rajputana 58
Map 2.2: Postcolonial Rajasthan 58
Map 3.1: Colonial Kerala 98
Map 3.2: Postcolonial Kerala 99
Map 4.1: Colonial Bastar 151
Map 4.2: Postcolonial Bastar 152
Map 6.1: Colonial Burma 188
Map 6.2: Colonial Malaya 192
Map 6.3: Colonial Nigeria 197
iixx