Table Of ContentTHEC OLLECTED
SHORT STORIES
OF
MAXIMG ORKY
by
Edited
AVRAHM YARMOLINSKY
and
BARONESMSO URAB UDBERG
CITADEL PRESS
SECAUCUS, NEW JERSEY
CONTENTS
I'AGa
INTRODUC'l'BIyO NF rewdeenr ic E ...
111
CHELKASH (1894)
1
.
ONE AUTUMN EVENING (1894)
43
THE AFFAIR 0 F THE CLASPS ( 1 8 95 35 )
CREATURES THAT ONCE WERE MEN
(1897) 68
NOTCH (1897) 146
CHUMS (1898) 155
TWENTY-SIX MEN AND A GIRL (18991)74
CAIN AND ARTYOM (1898) 192
RED (1900) 237
EVIL-DOERS (1901) 257
BIRTH OF A MAN (1912) 289
GOING HOME (1912) 303
LULLABY (1917) 307
THE HERMIT (1923) 327
KARAMORA (1924). 360
NOTE ON THE TR ANSLATIONS 404
Introducticoonpyri ghte 1988b yF redericE wen.A ll rightsre served.
PublishebdyC itadPerle sas d,i visoifoL ny lSet uaInrtc .1,2 En0t erprise Ave.S,eca ucus,N .J07.09 4.
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ISBN0-8 065-1075-7
INTRODUCTION
ByF redEewreinc
1.
Maxim Gowraksyb oronn M arch 28, in1t 8h6et8 o,w onf N izhni
Novgor(orde namleadt" eGro r"k)oy nt heV olgHai.s oringaimnewa als
Alexei MaxiPmeosvhi,kcw ohhv ichhe c hangteodt hne om-de-pofl ume
MaximG orkyM,a ximt he" Bit,t"oe nrt hep ublicaotfhi iofsni rsstto ry
in1 892.
His fawtahsae cra rnpte,ew rhod iewdh enM aximw ast hreyee ars
oldH.e andh ism othemro vedi nw ithhe rp arentthse,K ashirins,
ownerosfa dyeiensgt ablishImnhe insgt r.a ndparheonmteMs a'x im
camei ntcoo ntawcitt thh er ealiotfiR euss silaonw emri ddle-lcilfaes s
whicwhe rteo s tamhpi mf,o gro oadn df oerv iflo,tr h er esotfh ilsi fe.
Theh ousehhoelw da sl iviinnwg a so nef illweidtt hu rmositlr,i fe, and
bruta,lw ihtiychhe w ast hereatfoat sesro ciwaittbeho urgeloiifBse u.t
therwea so nev ital, refdeeaetmuiIrntweg a. sh igsr andtmho,ew rhom
hew asn evetrof orget.
Hism otherre marrbiuetdd ,i eodf c onsumptwihoennM aximw as
elevyeena orlsd I.nh isst ep-fahtohuesre'hsol lidv,ic nogn ditpiroonvse d
nob ette.rO ncea gaiMna,x imw itnestsheehd u sbabneda tihnigws i fe.
Thitsi met,h eo utrabgoeyda ttachkiessdt ep-fwaitthahe k rn ifweh,i ch
happidliydn od amagMea.x imw ast herne movteodl ivwei toht her
relatiwvheesrh,ee w asu seads a h ousehsolladv Heeyd .e cidteord u n
awayB.u tw herteo H?e w asn ows ixteyeenao rlsd .
Fortunahteew laysa storngy ounmga n,h ardayn dt,h ougnho t
handsomaetr,ta ctiwviet,eh y etsh at wwearremb ,r igahntda ppealing.
He hadl itotrln eo m one.y( Thawta st ob eh isf atfeo sro met imteo
comeB!u)t h eh adh iesx celplhenyts iqauneda, n i ndestbrluzece tsfito r
livianngd;n, o tl easatne, v er-acluerrito asnidtd ye sitrole e arnH.e h ad
alreaddeyv eloap epda ssifoonrb ooksw,h icwha st og rowi ntaon
omnivorousAntef sisr.hs et f edo n penny-dreaadnfdru olmsa nces
translfartoetmdh eF rencBhu.th ew aso nltyo oa warteh ahte l ackae d
formeadlu catBiuotnw .h erwea sh et of inidt ?
Anywya,h ew ass ooonf f.H ew as see"kfirnege dom"h-eas nodu ght
ito uto nt heh ighwaysb yawnadoy fsR ussia.r iTvVheoer l gwaa st here,
eternfaollwliyn bge,c kontionwga mradg irce gioTnhsi.ws a st ob eo ne
ofh is"M othertsh"eo; t hewra st hev asstrt etchoefls a nd, lying before
him-"MothReurs isa". Andt herwea sL ifeo,p enitnhge g ateosf
expenence.
Heb ecamae" bosiaatk r,ma"p ,a m embeorft hseo -ca"lslheode less
brigadHeesw .a"sp repafroehrda rdshriepasdt,yo w orakt a nythtihnagt
Ill
IV INTRODUCTION
camet oh andH.e b ecamae k icthen-boonya Volgsat eamHeirs. eyes
werfei xoendt hec itoyfK azawnh,e rteh erwea sa u niverBsuittt hye.r e
werae lsoot her "tehaecd hiesrcso"v ienrh eids wandeOrni tnhges .
steamheerf ountdh emi nt hep ersoofnt hec ooakn dh isw ifeT.h ey
introduhciemtd o t hew ritionfgC so golC.o rkhya dn ok nowleodfg e
anyf oreilgann guaagned,f oreibgono khsa dt ob er eaidn R ussian
translaBtuitoh nebs e.c amient imaep rodigrieoaudsae nrd,i na s hotr
whilcea met ok nowt hger ecalta ssoiflc ist eraatswu erleal,sp olitaincds
scienacceq,u irai knngo wlesdugceah s m ighbte t hee nvtyo daoyfa
universstiutdye onrte ,v ena profesAs odrr.u ggniasmte dG oldberg
introdhuicmet dot heFr encnho veliasntdss o,o hne w asr eadiBnagl zac
andt heC oncourItnas d.d itihoewn a,s s ootno c omeu ponl ibraorfi es
"forbidbdoeonk"Hs e. a lsboe garne aditnhge gRrueasts iaTnosl:sy ,t o
DostosykeyTv,ur genaenvd C hekohv.H ew asa trtactbeydp oet,ar nydi n
addittioot nh ew orokf R ussipaone thseg ott ok nowF rencpho et,r y
expecitahlalotyfB eran.g er
2.
Maximc oulndo ts tihlilcs r avifnogar n e ducatiHoent .h ougohft
trnygit ob ecomaes chotoela chHeerw .e ntto K azaann da ppliteotd h e
univeyrt shietrHee.i mmediabteeclaym aew aroefh owi nadequhaet ely
wasp reparteoed n tear u niveyr.Ws eiltlh,e w oulfdi nad w ay,a nd
educahtiem sewlift,h the ofhc eolupr,so efo, t hewriss earn dm ore
lenaerdt hahni mseKlafz.a wna sf ulolfs tudeunntisv:e ,rt shietoylcoagli,
veterinafruiloalfn m ;e mberosf t hei ntelligeedunctastiaenadd,
advancmeedm berosft heb ourgeobirsiimem,i wnigt nhe w ideas and
informatIinto hnbe.a kecrelyl airnw, h icCho rkwya sn oww orkihneg ,
wasl earnfirnoglm i fhea,r d lHief wea.sl earnfiansgkt e,e pihniges y es
ande arwsi doep enH.e s awh ifse llboawk earfst hearr wdo rtkr nygit o
finsdo lafcoetr h ediari flurys tratainodn si rriitnaa ltcioohnoosril n,t he
adjoinbirnogt hientl h,e ir fearnottaisci esd-rtehaemisr. Few students
havhea ds ucehx traord"ipnraorfyes "s.A snodre vemno rea stonishing,
therwea sh ise mployAenrd,r eDye renkoAv.n d whatc ustomers!
Studenttesa,c hmeerns,h; e f ounodu tw,h oh adr ecenrteltyu rnferdo m
Sibereixainly eo,u nagn do lda,l iwviet dha rinrge,v olutiiodneaaIrsny.
theb acrko omt herwea sa librfaurlyo lf" forbeind"bd ooks. Andrey
Derenkwoavsa k inodf" father-rt"oe fta hceheseaeg e"rr evoluiteiso,n"a r
supplytihnegmw itbho oklse,tc ureasn,d , noti mploearstftau nndts,f o r
theirre volutiaocntairvyi Tthioesse. cfarmoem t he procoefhe idss
shopHse.r eM aximm ett hes o-cal"lPoepdu li"s ytosu,nmge na nd
womenw how en"to uttot hpee ople"-itsht,ah ptee asantisn-sttor uct
themi nt hen ewg ospetlhsed ye rived thfer" ofmo rbi"db doeonkasn d
arousteh emt ot heir palnidge hvte,n tuasltlityrh emf romt heir
acuqiesceanncdae p ahty.S oonM,a ximC orkdyi scovtehraeitdn t he
lNTRODUC'l'lON v
towtnh erwee rseo -cal"lreeda dciinrgc liensw ,h"i cthh esbeo okwse re
discusasmeiddh, e ataerdg umeanntde xcitement.
Pitayn dL ovea,sh ep uti ty ealrast ,ew rerbee inugr gebdyt heb est
peophleek newb,u tw henh el ookaerdo unhdi mw,h ahte s aww as" far
fromb roth"cW r1hayt.h es aww as" anu nbrokcehna ionfh atraendd
crue,l atnyd unensdoirndgsi tdr gulgef ort r1icfsF.o rm ysc1If o nly
needebdo oknso:o thepro ssesshiaodvn asl uienm y eyesH.e"h ada lso
gottiemnp ortant instructisoonu rfctreho;epm o laincoetwmhhaeonr
livneeda rtboyl hdi ma bougto vernmesnutr vcili1naR nucscs iaab,o ut
tha"ts pider'.s. .tt hhariten avdi stihbrleeta hdai ts suferso tmh hee aorft
hisI mperMiaajle s,tt hyeE mperoArl exanIdlelrt, h"a bti ndtso gether
thew holoef R ussilainft eh,r ouaglhtl h em inistdeorwsnt ot hel owest
ranks. Retchaatltil mieGn,og r kwyr otlea t"eTrh:te ouglhi,t ltoloepo sf
thet hrewaedr seo otno b ef c1btym e evewrhyer"e H.erien h iso wn
apartmheonutsh eew itenssaeTd s arriasittd h acta rroifeafdn umbeorf
tenanttoS si beraitaa n;o thteirmt eh vei ctwiamsa c lofsrei einndv olved
inp rintiilnlge lgealalef ttsob ed istritbouf taecdt woorryk eHrosw.w as
het of oretsheaest o me tiinmt eh fe uturfeo,hr i mt,h e" spitdherre ads"
woultdu rni ntcol awtsh awto ulddr ahgi mt om anya jaiAll!lt hese
straisnoso nt olodn him." nI Decembe1r8 8"7 ,he wrotien h is
Autboiopghray",Id ecidoends uic.i.d..e bIo ughat r evolfvreorma
regimednrtuammle rI.tw asl oadewdi tfho ucra rtridagiemse.ad tw hIa t
It hougwhatsm y hearbtu,ts truac lku n.g.. .W ithian m onthIw as
bacakt t heb aekr"y .
He waso fa vesrtoyrn gc onstituatnidro enc,o veqrueidc kTlhye.
"pierlcuendg " mhaidmei neligfiobmrl iel itdaurt,yya nda lsmoi ght
havpel ayae rdo lient het ubercuhleow saisss o otno d cvc1op.
3.
Stronngoewri nm inda ndb odyb,u tw itah b ar3e7 k opeciknhs i s
pockeMta,x ims eotf afg aionn h its ramipnge xpeditionosn,t hef irst
Volgaan dt heonn f ooBto.u nfdo wrh atH?e w asn otw orriheedc ;o uld
finwdo rakn ywhearned,h ew oulddo a nyk inodf w orkA.t a small
railwsatya tiwohne,rh ee s ervaesda weighheerm ,e tm ena ndw omen
whow ersey mpathtiohc i ma ndh ivsi ewasn,dw itwhh omh ec onceived
as chemoeff oundiacn ogl oonnyt hper inciopfTl oelssy ,tc oollecatnidv e
somewhUatto piTanhe.yc ommissihoinmet dog ot oM oscotwoo btain
lanfdr omt heg reawtr iert'ess taStoeM .a ximt rampteodM osocw.
Tolstwoays nt'ht eraet t het imes,o hter amdp beackt oN izhny
NovgorBoudt.h eh ade vegnr eaptlearnf soh ri mseIlnf.h ibsa gtsh ere
werhei sm anuscrifpothrse h, a db egutno w ritpeo-etartyf irasntd,
alspor ossek etchReosm.a shsa dt olhdi ma boutth ep rominwernitrt ,e
VladimiKro reonlkow,h omh eh adm eti nt heS iberoiuatnl ainnd s
exilaen,dw how asn owa f orcreeds idiennN ti znhy.
VI INTRODUCTION
Butb eforMea ximc oulvdi stihti wsr i,t ehre wasa rresatnedd
confitnoea dN izhnpyr isfoontr h rdeaey isnO ctob1e8r8 o9n s uspicion
ofh arborai n"gr evolauryt"ino anmedS omo.v TheT sar"'ssp ider's
threahda"df inaclaluyg hhit m.H encefohretw ha,s t ob ec onstantly
undesro mes orotfp oliscuevr eillaRnucses.id aanr hku mofrr equently
pokeistw sa yi ntroe alli ffeo,tr h ei nvestigoaftfiioncfget rh ep rison,
namedG enerPaolz nansdkiys,c ovetrhianAtgl exPecis hk(oovn t he
polibcleo tatnedri np rison-rGeocrokrwydo su lrde maiunn,t i1l91 7,
AlexPeeis hkowva!sa) p oeta,l sroe commenhdiemdt o seckt heo ut
writKeorr eonlkor,e cently "frreotVmu yarntekda M.a"x imf ollohwiesd
advicaen,dK orolepnrkoov emdo stk ind,l jyudiciaonudss e,v erIIe c.
founAdl exepio'est srtyi lwtietdah ni nftleadR omanticai spma,l e
reflecotfPi uosnh kLine,ro mnot,va ndo theArlse.x weaiss hattearnedd
ceased wfroiartl imnogts wto yeWahresn.h er eturnteods eKeo rolcnko
agaianf tae pre rioadn,ds howehdi mm oreo fh isw ritinmgoss,ti lny
prosKeo,r oleenxkcol ai,m" eYdoaur aer ealiasntdr! e"c,o mmenhdiemd
tot hee ditoofrt sh eS amarGaa zetAtsie fi. n p rcparfaothroi nfs u rther
literwaorrykG ,o rkhya du ndertaakneont hteorru, t hitsi moef a lmost
unbelaibelveex tenttha,wt i,t fhe wi nterrupltaisotnaesld,m oas yte ar.
He visittheeld o weVro lgrae giotnhseD, o nd istrtihceUt k,r aitnhee,
Crimetah,e C aucasHuiss.a pproprgiaetoegdr anpohwyr angefrdo m
TifltiosM oscowO!n the1 t2ho fS epteemrb,1 829,h isf irsstto, r y
"MakaCrh udar," appearientd h eT ilfinse wspaTpehreC aucasIuts .
wass ign"eMda xiGmo rk.y"
4.
Maximw ast wentyyea rso ldw henh iss tor"yMa kaCrh udra"
appearHeedw .a s alsot obs eao j oonu rnaalc iosntt,r ibtuont uomre rous
newspapaenrdms a gazinHeesw .a sa w ritneorw, w itthh ep rospoefca t
secucraer eIetrw. a st imteo l ooakth imsealsfs,eh sism seclofl,l heicst
createinveer giaensdc, rs ytallhiieszx ep erieanncdte hsa etx traoryd inar
educathieoh na db een harvaelstlth ianhtge h; a ds eeann dh earadl;l
thahte h adg athefrreodmt hei nnumerabboloekh se h adr eadA.sa
bosiahke,h adb eena mongo thebro siaaknsd,h e hadw orkeadt
innumeraobclceut piaonHse. f elhti msemlofr ea ndm orea mastoefr
thew riticnrga fdti,r ecthiinrsgi c h ovfeci rne atwiiotnah n e vesru rer
handA.n di nt hen exytea rss,t ory fosltlo,ors wyote hda bte fotrheee nd
oft hcee nt,ui rn1y 898t,w ov olumoefhs i Ssk etcahnedSs t or(iOecsh erki
ir asskeasztya)b,l ihsihrsee dp utaatsia o nno tabwlrei ,tb erroughhitm
famep,o pularaintday s ,i zaibnlceo mHee.b ecamaek inodf " people's
laurteea,t"h eGiorr ky. hSeow oanst oa chiewvoer ld-wciedlee barsi ty
translation folloAw etdh ivtrordla unmsaelp apteiaotrnhe.edn exyte ar,
asw elalsa s ecoenddi tiooftn h ef irtswot. H erwee rteo b ef ounsdu ch
masterpiaes"c Cehse lskha,""C reatTuhraestO nceW ereM en,a"n d
INTRODUCTION VII
"Caiann dA rtmy.o"H ew asa cclaibmyeo dt hewrr itelriskC,eh ehkov,
witwhh omh eb ecamfer iendly.
Bute venno w,h ilsi fwea sd arkenIendm .a y1 89h8e w asa rresitne d
Nizhnfyo rh isp olitaicctailv iitnTi iefsl iinst hey ea1r8 92H.e was
imprisoinnte hde l attceirtf yr omM ay t1o2t he2 8thI.nS eptember
189h9e v isiStteP.de tersfboutrrh gef irtsitm ea,n dw asr eceiwvietdh
greaactc laSiumc.ah r tch ien numeraanbdli en credciobnlter haisst sl ife
presen.t..eI dnt! h ayte ar irrepressible Maxim Gorky had become editor
oft heM arxijsotu rnaLlie f( Zhizann)dh ,a ds tarwtoerdko na novel
dealiwnigt thh eR ussibaonu rgeoFisoimeaG, o rdeev.
5.
Thei deaosf S ocialiassma ,d vancbeydt heG ermans ocialists
throutghhe F risatn dS econIdn ternatiohnaadsl psr,e tahdr oughout
RussiIan1. 8 9t8h eR ussiSaonc iDaelm ocraLtaibco r Poafrw thyi,c h
Lenihna db eeonn eo ft hper imaer chitheacdct osm,e i ntboe inIgn.t he
reading wchiirccGhlo erskh ya da ttenidneN di zhnayn dK azahne h ad
becomaec quainwtietdth h eiird eaasn dh ads tudiMeadr xC'asp ital.
Russisaonc ialhiasdbt ese na ctiivnet hef actorainedas m ongt he
peasants. sGyomrpkayt'hlsia ewysi tthh ema,n dn owt hahte w asi na
posittiooa ns sitshte mf inanlcyih,ae dl ids o,g enerloyu.s
Russwiaas s eethwiintgdh i scontIen1n 8t.8T 1s aArl exanIdIhe ar d
beeans sassiinna1 t8e8dt7;h erwea sa nu nsuccesastftuelmo pntt hlei fe
ofA lexanIdlelir,n w hicLhe nino'lsd berro thwearsi mplicaantdef do r
whichhe h adb eenh angeTdh.e d evastaftaimnigno ef1 819w ass till
aliivnet hem emoroyft heR ussian peastahnrete sso tfta hnecd o un.t ry
Andm orer ecenitnl1 y8,9 a6n d1 897t,h erwee rweo rkesrtsr'i iknet sh e
St.P etersfbaucrtgo rGioersk.wy a sp artliacrusltycr kua nde veonu t
ragebdyt hae patohfyt hmei ddalned u ppecrl astsheesi;r inditfof erence
thep ligohftt hosbee lotwh emt;h e wianyw hicthh eayd oreadn d
revelientd h ea ll-suf"fpeeraisnagn ty-,rm"ca ormtplacegnltolryi tfhiee d
mythasn dg ospeolfsE nduranacned S ufferainndgr ,e lished such
"carniovfma ilsse ,r"wy hicwhe raes sumteodb et hee ternmaalr okf t he
"Russisaonu l."
Asi fh eh ada f oreboodfiw nhga tth en ewc entuhreyl idn p romise,
Gorkhya dc omposae pdr ospeo em",T heS onog ft heS tormPye tlr",e
thasto otbyl acbki rwdh icha,c cordtionc go mmonb eliewfa,st he
harbinogfae nra pproacshtionrg" mL.i kaena rrow shofortoitmnh ge
cloudtsh,eb irsdh rieaknsdt, h ec louhdesa irt t,h ehye atrh ahtu nger
longifnogars torTmh.e yh eairt msi ghtayn getrh,ep assiofniartaeen, d
thea ssuraonfvc iec yto.r"
Thosseh riewkesr et o bbeo rnoeu tT.h erweo ulbde a mighty
storm-nioftv ict.o Arsyf orM aximG ork,y theb iradl sfoo retao ld
tumultuocuasr eienrs tofroehr i mH.e knewt hed angefrasc ihnigm ;
Vlll INTRODUCTION
andh ew asr eadtyo p ayt hep ricReu ssiaaunt ocreaxcayc tferdo m
himsealnfd h undreodfso thers-perseicmuptriiosno,n meevnetn,
exile.
Alreaadmyo,n gt hep opulatcheea, r doorfr evoluwtaisob nu rning
fiercmeolryea: n dm orei nsisbteecnatm teh ec alflosrc onstitutional
righSttsu.d ernito htasdb rokoeunt a nds prefardo Smt P.e tersbtuor g,
Moscotw,oK ie.Ov neo ft hme osnto tabolfte h esdee monstrattoiookn s
plabceef otrheeK azaCna thedirnSa tlP. e terrsg,b.o unM ayl l1,9 0I1t.
wasa p rotoenst th ep arotfs tudeanntdos t heargsa itnhsetd ecrtehea t
woulddr adfetm onstrsattuidnegin nttsto h aer myT.h e" KazaDne mon
stratiaosin tw, a"s t ob ec alled,m etwb aysC ossacakrsm,e wdi tthh e
notori"onuasgk aay"s ,braidleeda thwehri pwsi tmhe tatli pRsu.s sian
humowra st ot urtnh aitn strumienntttoh es ubjeocfat h ymnd estined
tob es unbgy R ussisatnu defnotyrse atrosc omeI.n t her ioatn ,u mber
ofp rominienndti vidwuearilens j urAe pdr.o tiessstu beydt heW riters'
Uniowna sm etb ya rreasntdss e ntenocfee xsi lCeo.r kwya ss uspecotfe d
having obneeoe fnt haeg itaatnodar z se alosuusp porttehrre e obfe llion,
asw elalso fh avihnagd a h andi nt hep ublisphreodt est.
Corkyw asa rresitneN di zhnNyo vgoroond Apri1l7 f orh is
connectwiiotnht heK azanr iotasn,d i mprisounnetdiM la y 17.
Thereahfetr eert itroet dh eC rimetaoa ttetnodh isi mpairheeda lth.
Whatf ollowreedp resoenneto sf t hem osts trikpianrga dooxfe s
Russihainos rt.yT owartdh ee ndo ft hes amyee aMra,x imC orkwya st o
celebornaeto eft hmeo sats toundliintgetr ramripyuh so fh icsa reweirt h
thMeo scow TAhreta tprreo'dsu ctoifTo hnLe ower DeTphitwsha sst. o
beh iasn swert hteTo s aorf A ltlh eR ussias!
6.
AntoCnh ekhohva db eenu rgiCnogr ktyo t urnh ist aletnott sh e
thea.t Tehreb rillaicatnotr -odri,rK eocnttsantSitna nisloafvt shkey
MoscoAwr tT hetae,r alspor evaiolneh di mt od os o.C orkbye gan
workionnga p latyh awta se ventutaolb leTy h eL oweDre pthbsut,h e
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