The Climate-Smart Agriculture Papers: Investigating the Business of a Productive, Resilient and Low Emission Future

314 Pages·2019·8.51 MB·English

by  Todd S. Rosenstock

Todd S. Rosenstock · Andreea Nowak
Evan Girvetz Editors
The Climate-Smart
Agriculture Papers
Investigating the Business
of a Productive, Resilient and
Low Emission Future
The Climate-Smart Agriculture Papers
Todd S. Rosenstock • Andreea Nowak
Evan Girvetz
Editors
The Climate-Smart
Agriculture Papers
Investigating the Business of a Productive,
Resilient and Low Emission Future
Editors
Todd S. Rosenstock Andreea Nowak
World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre
Kinshasa Nairobi, Kenya
Congo, Demographic Republic (Zaire)
Evan Girvetz
International Center for Tropical
Agriculture
Centre of Insect Physiology
and Ecology
Nairobi, Kenya
ISBN 978-3-319-92797-8 ISBN 978-3-319-92798-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92798-5
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018951898
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019. This book is an open access publication.
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Acknowledgments
We thank D. Rohrbach for his insights and critical eye as well as the 40 reviewers
of the CSA Papers for their time. In addition, we thank the Section Leads including
S. Midgley (Climate Risks and Impacts), B. Das (Adaptive Germplasm Delivery
Systems), C. Thierfelder (The Climate-Smartness of Technologies), E. Girvetz
(Climate-Resilient Value Chains) and R. Ruben (Taking Climate-Smart Agriculture
to Scale) for their leadership. We thank the Vuna programme for providing financial
support for the CSA Papers. Vuna was a UK aid-funded climate-smart agriculture
programme in East and Southern Africa and was implemented by Adam Smith
International. This work was led by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in col-
laboration with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). It was
implemented as part of the Partnerships for Scaling Climate-Smart Agriculture
(P4S) project under the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture
and Food Security (CCAFS), which is carried out with support from the CGIAR
Trust Fund and through bilateral funding agreements. For details please visit https://
ccafs.cgiar.org/donors. The views expressed in this document cannot be taken to
reflect the official opinions of these organizations.
v
Contents
1 A n Introduction to the Climate-Smart Agriculture Papers . . . . . . . . 1
Todd S. Rosenstock, David Rohrbach, Andreea Nowak, and Evan
Girvetz
Part I Climate Risks and Impacts
2 Future Climate Projections in Africa: Where Are We Headed? . . . . 15
Evan Girvetz, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Lieven Claessens, Christine
Lamanna, Carlos Navarro-Racines, Andreea Nowak, Phil Thornton,
and Todd S. Rosenstock
3 C limate Change and Infectious Livestock Diseases:
The Case of Rift Valley Fever and Tick-Borne Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl, and Grace Delia
4 Large Scale Crop Suitability Assessment Under Future
Climate Using the Ecocrop Model: The Case of Six Provinces
in Angola’s Planalto Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Roland Hunter and Olivier Crespo
5 Understanding the Role of Soils and Management on Crops
in the Face of Climate Uncertainty in Zimbabwe:
A Sensitivity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Patricia Masikati, Katrien Descheemaeker, and Olivier Crespo
Part II Adaptive Germplasm Delivery Systems
6 Role and Challenges of the Private Seed Sector in Developing
and Disseminating Climate- Smart Crop Varieties in Eastern
and Southern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Biswanath Das, Francois Van Deventer, Andries Wessels,
Given Mudenda, John Key, and Dusan Ristanovic
vii
viii Contents
7 Fast-Tracking the Development and Dissemination
of a Drought-Tolerant Maize Variety in Ethiopia in Response
to the Risks of Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Berhanu T. Ertiro, Girum Azmach, Tolera Keno, Temesgen Chibsa,
Beyene Abebe, Girma Demissie, Dagne Wegary, Legesse Wolde,
Adefris Teklewold, and Mosisa Worku
8 Access to Early Generation Seed: Obstacles for Delivery
of Climate-Smart Varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Laura K. Cramer
9 Climate Change and Seed Systems of Roots, Tubers
and Bananas: The Cases of Potato in Kenya and Sweetpotato
in Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Monica L. Parker, Jan W. Low, Maria Andrade,
Elmar Schulte-Geldermann, and Jorge Andrade-Piedra
10 Delivering Perennial New and Orphan Crops for Resilient
and Nutritious Farming Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Ian K. Dawson, Stepha McMullin, Roeland Kindt, Alice Muchugi,
Prasad Hendre, Jens-Peter B. Lillesø, and Ramni Jamnadass
11 Generating Farm-Validated Variety Recommendations
for Climate Adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Carlo Fadda and Jacob van Etten
Part III The Climate-Smartness of Technologies
12 What Is the Evidence Base for Climate-Smart Agriculture
in East and Southern Africa? A Systematic Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Todd S. Rosenstock, Christine Lamanna, Nictor Namoi,
Aslihan Arslan, and Meryl Richards
13 Understanding the Multidimensionality of Climate-Smartness:
Examples from Agroforestry in Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Anthony A. Kimaro, Ogossy G. Sererya, Peter Matata, Götz Uckert,
Johannes Hafner, Frieder Graef, Stefan Sieber, and Todd S.
Rosenstock
14 A Participatory Approach to Assessing the Climate-Smartness
of Agricultural Interventions: The Lushoto Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Lucas T. Manda, An M. O. Notenbaert, and Jeroen C. J. Groot
15 H ousehold Welfare Effects of Stress-Tolerant Varieties
in Northern Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Chris M. Mwungu, Caroline Mwongera, Kelvin M. Shikuku,
Mariola Acosta, Edidah L. Ampaire, Leigh Ann Winowiecki,
and Peter Läderach
Contents ix
16 Considering Religion and Tradition in Climate Smart
Agriculture: Insights from Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Julia Davies, Dian Spear, Angela Chappel, Nivedita Joshi,
Cecile Togarepi, and Irene Kunamwene
Part IV Climate-Resilient Value Chains
17 The Role of Farmers’ Entrepreneurial Orientation
on Agricultural Innovations in Ugandan Multi-Stakeholder
Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Carlos Luis Barzola Iza, Domenico Dentoni, Martina Mordini,
Prossy Isubikalu, Judith Beatrice Auma Oduol, and Onno Omta
18 Shea Butter: A Pro-Poor, Pro-Female Route to Increased Income . . 215
James Hammond, Mark van Wijk, Tim Pagella, Pietro Carpena,
Tom Skirrow, and Victoria Dauncey
19 O ne Size Does Not Fit All: Private-Sector Perspectives
on Climate Change, Agriculture and Adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Kealy Sloan, Elizabeth Teague, Tiffany Talsma, Stephanie Daniels,
Christian Bunn, Laurence Jassogne, and Mark Lundy
20 Climate-Smart Agricultural Value Chains: Risks
and Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Caroline Mwongera, Andreea Nowak, An M. O. Notenbaert,
Sebastian Grey, Jamleck Osiemo, Ivy Kinyua, Miguel Lizarazo,
and Evan Girvetz
21 Nutrition-Sensitive Value Chain Development in a Changing
Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Summer Allen and Alan de Brauw
22 Realising Ambitious Targets and Metrics for Private-Sector
Action on Climate Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Sonja Vermeulen
Part V T aking Climate-Smart Agriculture to Scale
23 The Role of Multi-Stakeholder Platforms for Creating
an Enabling Climate Change Policy Environment in East Africa . . . 267
Mariola Acosta, Edidah Lubega Ampaire, Perez Muchunguzi,
John Francis Okiror, Lucas Rutting, Caroline Mwongera,
Jennifer Twyman, Kelvin M. Shikuku, Leigh Ann Winowiecki,
Peter Läderach, Chris M. Mwungu, and Laurence Jassogne
24 Farmer-To-Farmer Extension: A Low-Cost Approach
for Promoting Climate-Smart Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Steven Franzel, Evelyne Kiptot, and Ann Degrande
x Contents
25 Innovative Partnerships to Scale Up Climate- Smart
Agriculture for Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa . . . . . . . . . 289
Mariam A. T. J. Kadzamira and Oluyede C. Ajayi
26 Rural Finance to Support Climate Change Adaptation:
Experiences, Lessons and Policy Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Ruerd Ruben, Cor Wattel, and Marcel van Asseldonk
Index .......................................................... 315
Chapter 1
An Introduction to the Climate-Smart
Agriculture Papers
Todd S. Rosenstock, David Rohrbach, Andreea Nowak, and Evan Girvetz
1.1 Tracking Progress
In 2001, the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change highlighted the potential impacts of a changing climate on global agricul-
ture. The Report stated that rising temperatures and drought could lead to significant
declines in yields for many of the world’s poorest nations, including Africa. This
stimulated a new set of global commitments to research and promote agricultural
practices that are more climate-smart. Since then, almost USD 1 billion has been
committed to climate-smart programming in Africa, with more likely to follow
(Fig. 1.1). Most African governments have formed climate-smart agriculture task
forces. New transnational partnerships, such as the East African Regional Climate-
Smart Agriculture Alliance, have linked government efforts to support regional
change. In 2015, these commitments were reinforced by the adoption of a Statement
T. S. Rosenstock (*)
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), c/o INERA,
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security,
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
e-mail: [email protected]
D. Rohrbach
Consultant, Washington, D.C., United States of America
A. Nowak
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), c/o INERA,
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
E. Girvetz
CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security,
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, Kenya
© The Author(s) 2019 1
T. S. Rosenstock et al. (eds.), The Climate-Smart Agriculture Papers,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92798-5_1