The classification of Australian species currently included in Helipterum and related genera (Asteraceae : Gnaphalieae) : Part 1

60 Pages·1992·16.1 MB·English

by  Paul G Wilson

Nuytsia8(3):379-438(1992) 379
The classification ofAustralian species currently included in
Helipterum and related genera (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae): Part 1
PaulG. Wilson
WesternAustralianHerbarium,DepartmentofConservationandLandManagement,
POBox 104,Como,WesternAustralia6152
Abstract
Wilson,Paul G. Theclassification of Australian speciescurrently includedinHelipterumand
related genera (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae): Part 1. Nuytsia 8(3): 379-438 (1992). The name
Helipterum DC. is recognised as being illegitimate and not applicable to Australian taxa. The
AustralianspeciescurrentlyincludedinthatgenusandintherelatedgeneraCephalipterum,Gilherta,
Triptilodisciis and Pterochaeta are reclassified. One genus, Haptotrichion, is described as new.
\}nd&xRhodanthe 11 sectionsarerecognisedofwhich 1 isnewand 10arenewcombinations. Eight
newspeciesoiRhodantheandonenewspeciesofHaptotrichionaredescribed,theseare/?.ascendens,
R.collina,R.cremea.R.gossypina,R.nullarborensis,R.psammophila,R.rufescens,R. sphaerocephala
andH. colwillii. Anumberofnewspeciescombinationsaremade. Descriptionsaregiven foreach
oftherecognised generaandsections.
Contents Page
Introduction 380
Rhodanthe 383
Rhodanthe sect.Rhodanthe 383
Rhodanthe sect. Monencyanthes 384
Rhodanthe sect.Leiochrysum 385
Rhodanthe sect. Achyroclinoides 399
Rhodanthe sect. Citrinae 406
Rhodanthe sect. Synachryum 408
Rhodanthe sect. Helipteridium 412
Rhodanthe sect. Helichrysoides 412
Rhodanthe sect.Actinaria 414
Rhodanthe sect.Anisolepis 415
Rhodanthe sect. Polyphyllum 416
380 NuytsiaVol.8,No.3(1992)
Contents Page
Cephalipterum 417
Erymophyllum 418
Hyalosperma 419
Gilberta 419
Triptilodiscus 420
Haegiela 421
Pterochaeta 422
Haptotrichion 422
Acknowledgements 426
References 426
Index to Scientific Names 427
Index to namechanges 436
Introduction
Ashasbeenpointedoutbymanysyantherologists(Hilliard&Burtt1981,Anderberg 1989,1991,
Wilson 1989a), the generaHelipterum Lindley (1836), Helipterum DC. (1838) and Helichrysum
Miller,in the strictsense,donotoccurinAustraliaand, in anyevent, thefirstname isillegitimate
andistobetypifiedbyaSouthAfricanspeciescurrentlyplacedinHelichrysum(Wilson1989a),while
the second is illegitimate and is to be typified by a South African species of Syncarpha DC.
(Nordenstam 1989).
The difference between the genera Helipterum DC. and Helichrysum, as enunciated by
A. deCandolle(1838),isthatinf/e/ipteramthepappusbristlesareplumosewhereasin
theytendtobebarbellate,orplumoseonlyattheapex. Astrictinterpretationofthisdistinctioncan
leadtoaplacementofrelatedspecies intoseparategenera,althoughthe distinction has meantthat
closelyrelated specieshave usuallybeen placedtogetherin eitherHelipterumorin Helichrysum.
In order to classify the species currently included in Helipterum and Helichrysum it has been
necessarytostudyrelatedgeneraoftheGnaphalieae{sensuAnderberg 1989)suchasLeptorhynchus,
Ixiolaena, Waitzia, Podolepis,Podotheca,Myriocephalus,aswellasseveral monotypic genera.
Therevisedclassificationhasresultedintherecognitionofadditionalgeneraandtherearrangement
ofthe species currently in Helipterum andHelichiysum. Some ofthe resulting genera arebeing
revisedbyotherbotanistswhosework1donotwishtocompromisebyproducingacomprehensive
classification lacking in theinformation thattheywill beabletoprovide. Thereforein thispaper1
amformallytreatingaportionoftheHelipterumcomplexwhileindicatingthegeneraintowhichother
speciescurrently includedinHelipterumarelikely tobe transferred.
.
PaulG.Wilson,Helipterum:Part1 381
Theclassificationthatfollows foraportionoftheHelipterumcomplexinAustraliaattempts to
associatecloselyrelatedspeciesandtosegregateasdistinctgenerathosespeciesorgroupsofspecies
that exhibit marked morphological discontinuity. In Rhodanthe I have not been successful in
interpreting the phylogenetic significance of the varied morphological forms that are adopted by
homologous organs. In the achene, for example, the pericarp and testa can have many different
texturesandstructures(Shortetal.1989),yettogenericallyseparatetaxathathavedissimilarachenes
canleadtotheseparationofspecieswhichotherwisehavemarkedlysimilarfloretsandsimilarbract
morphologies. Forthisreason I haveadopteda sectionalrank fortaxathatmay laterbe shown to
deserve genericrankandwhich were sometimes soaccordedbyearly 19thcentury taxonomists.
Ihavenotattemptedtoplaceallthegeneraofthe'Angiantheae'sensuBentham (1867)incontext
withthoseoftheHelipterumcomplexbutitisobviousthatacloserelationshipoftenexists. Thistype
ofsynopticworkwill have tobedonebyothers; myprincipal concernis toprovideaclassification
that can be used for a 'Flora ofAustralia' treatment and, from the pressure of time alone, many
interesting phylogeneticavenues mustremain unexplored.
ThispaperconsiderstheRhodanthe,HyalospermaandTriptilodiscusgroupsofspecies,mostof
which have,in general,beenplaced inHelipterum. Thesegroupscanbeinformallycategorizedas
follows.
Rhodanthegroup:Innerinvolucralbractswithbroadflatclaws;antherswithfinefilamentoustails;
acheneswith normal (mostly notthickened) duplexhairs. Speciesin thisgroup,withtheexception
ofRhodanthe citrina, thathavebeen examined,do not form ectomycorrhiza (Warcup 1990).
Hyalosperma group: As above, however, achenes lacking normal duplex hairs but with 2-celled
bulbouspapillaethatarefrequentlymyxogenic;pappusshedentire. Speciesinthisgroupthathave
been examinedform ectomycorrhiza(Warcup op.cit.)
Triptilodiscus group: Species in this group have achenes with 2-celled tooth-like trichomes and
oblong orboat-shaped claws to the involucral bracts. Other characters suggest that the included
generamaynotbecloselyrelatedandthatthegroupispolyphyletic;thisthereforebecomesagrouping
ofconvenience. Inonly7’n/;///or//Tc«s’hasthcmycorrhizalassociationbeeninvestigated;itwasfound
to form ectomycorrhiza(Warcupop.cit.).
The genus Rhodanthe, which is by far the ku'gest ofthe segregate genera, is circumscribed to
contain the majority of the Australian species previously included in Helipterum. Some of the
remainingspeciesarelistedunderothergenerainthispaper. Thosespeciesexcludedfromthepresent
treatmentare as follows:
Helipterumalbicans(Cunn.)DC.,HelipterumfitgibboniiV Muell.,//. molle(DC.)PaulG.Wilson,
andH.stipitatum(F. Muell.) Benth.havebeen transferredtoLeucochrysum(DC.)PaulG.Wilson,
(seeWilson 1992a)agenuscloselyrelatedto Wailzia.
Helipterumniveum Steetz isclo.selyrelated toHelichrysumobtusifolium Sonder; both species will
be segregated, with others,in agenus tobedescribed.
HelipterumsaxatilePaulG.WilsoniscloselyrelatedtoHelichrysumpodolepidiumF.Muell.,these
two species will, with others, beplacedin agenustobedescribed.
382 NuytsiaVol.8,No.3(1992)
Helipterum craspedioides is conspecific with Myriocephalus morrisonianus and is possibly best
recognisedasamemberofthegenusPolycalymma(butseeShortetal. 1989andAnderberg 1991).
HelipterumadpressumW. Fitzg. (=Helichrysumputeale S. Moore) andHelipterumpterochaetum
(F. Muell.) Benth. have been transferred to the genus Chrysocephalum Walp. as C. puteale
(S. Moore) Paul G.Wilson and C.pterochaetumF. Muell. (seeAnderberg 1991 andWilson,Short
&Orchard 1992).
ThespeciesthatarehereplacedinRhodantheformapolymorphicassemblagethatisdividedinto
eleven sections. Someofthe sectionsthathaveobviousproblemsassociatedwith them arebriefly
discussedbelow.
Thesect.Monencyanthes,inwhichtheachenesarepersistentandthecapitulacaducous,contains
threespecies. Thesespeciesprobablyattainedtheirspecialisedconditionindependentlyforeachhas
featuresthatsuggestderivation from adifferentancestorpossiblyoftheAchyroclinoides type.
The species in sect.Leiochrysum arediverse in vegetativeand floral morphology. Theorgans
appearto vary in morphology independently from each otherand 1 have been unable to correlate
characters in a mannerthatwouldachieve amorenaturalclassification.
Thesect.Helichrysoidesappearstobeamonophyleticgroup which,atoneextremehasaffinity
tothegenusPodothecaand,attheother,tospeciesinsect.Leiochrysum. Itscorrecttaxonomicstatus
is uncertain (seealsoAnderberg 1991).
Each ofthe sectionsAnisolepis (1 sp.), Actinaria (2 spp.), and Helipteridium (1 sp.), has very
distinctiveinvolucralbractsbuteach showslittledifferenceinfloralmorphologytocertainspecies
insect.Achyroclinoides-,1havethereforeincludedthesesectionsinRhodantheratherthangivethem
generic status.
Thesect.Citrinae,withthesinglespeciesR.citrina.hasbeendifficulttoplace. Duetothebeaked
apex to its achene this species has been previously included in Waitzia. It differs radically from
Waitziainthattheinvolucralbractshaveflatclawswithanundivided.stereome(fideAnderberg1991),
the style apex is truncate, and the achenes pilose. It differs from other species ofRhodanthe in
sometimes having the outer florets female (not hermaphrodite) and in being an ectomycorrhizal
species (Warcup 1990). Both these characters suggest a relationship with species such as
Chrysocephalumapiculatum(Labill.) Steetz andLeucochrysumalbicans (Cunn.) Paul G. Wilson,
but the morphology ofthe achenes and corollas ofthe three species is quite different. Itpossibly
deservesrecognition asa distinctgenus.
Rhodanthe polyphyllum, which is placed in the monotypic section Polyphyllum, is a further
anomalysinceithasstout,branchedanthertailsandclustered,filiform leaves. Itappearstohaveno
closerelativeintheHelipterum-Helichrysumcomplex. NeverthelessIhaveincludeditinRhodanthe
withwhichitappearstohavegreatestaffinity. Again,itmaydeserverecognitionasadistinctgenus.
PaulG.Wilson,Helipterum:Part1 383
Catalogueoftaxa
In this Catalogue I have listed the accepted names and their synonyms in the Rhodanthe,
HyalospermaandTriptilodiscusgroups. FornewtaxaandforallgeneraandsectionsIhaveprovided
descriptions. Where ithasbeen necessaryI havelectotypifiednames.
The Rhodanthe group
RhodantheLindley
RhodantheLindley,Bot.Reg. t.l703(1834).
Helichrysumsect.Rhodanthe(Lindley)Baillon,Hist.PI. 8:314(1886). Type:R.manglesii Lindley
Roccardia Necker ex Voss, Vilm. Blumengartn. ed.3, 1:530(1895) nom. illeg. non Necker ex
Raf.(1838). Type:R. manglesii(Lindley) Voss [=RhodanthemanglesiiLindley].
Annualorshort-livedperennialherbs,woolly,pubcrulous,pilose,glandular,orglabrous. Leaves
mostly alternate, simple, entire, rarely terete. Capitula homogamous orheterogamous, solitaryor
clustered,radiantornot;subtendingleaves,whenpresent,grading intotheouterbracts. Involucral
bractsmulti-seriate,glumaceousorscarious,rarelywithaherbaceoustip:clawsoblongwithnanow
or broad undivided stereome (Andcrberg 1991). Receptacle glabrous, or pilose around alveolae,
predominantlyebracteate. Floretsbisexualortheinnermostmale,otherwisehomomorphic. Corolla
tubularatbase,usuallyturbinateabove,glabrousorsparselypuberulous;lobes5,equalornot,inner
epidermiswithcellsnotoblong in transverserows. Anthertailsfilamentousandweak. Styleapex
truncatetoellipsoid ordeltoid. Achene with normal duplexhairs;carpopodium annularorabsent.
Pappusbristlesbarbellateto plumose.
1. RhodantheLindley sect. Rhodanthe
Annual erectherb, glabrous. Leavescauline, sessile,suborbicular,basedecuirent oneach side
ofstem. Capitula heterogamous, solitary on slenderbranches. Involucre turbinate; bracts multi-
seriate,papery,petaloid;claw with scarious margin andnarrow-oblong thin stereome. Receptacle
rounded, smooth,glabrous. Florets numerous, mainlybisexual butthe innermostmale,5-mcrous.
Corollaactinomorphic,glabrous;upperportioncup-shaped;lobesnotpapillose;veinsextendinginto
base of lobes. Stamens: anther appendagecordate, acute, the cells narrow-oblong towards apex,
equilateral nearbase; anther tails filamentous, weak; collar niurow-oblong. Style apex narrow-
deltoid,va.scu!arlraccnotextendingtotip. Acheneobovoid.dorsiventrallycompressed,denselysilky
to base; carpopodium absent; pericarp thin, translucent, in medial position in relation to the
cotyledons; testa thin, translucent, ± fused to pericarp, the vascular strand extending almost
completelyaround seed; crystalsabsent. Pappuspersistent; bristlesplumose, theciliaall acute.
Amonotypicsectionthatismostcloselyrelatedtospeciesinsect.Leiochrysum. Itisdistinctive
inbeingglabrous,inhavingsuborbicularsessiledecurrentleaves,andpossessinganantherappendage
andastyleapex thatare uniquein thegenus.
384 NuytsiaVol.8,No.3(1992)
RhodanthemanglesiiLindley,Bot.Reg.20:1.1103(1^34).-Helipterummanglesii{Und\cy)B£nth.,
FI. Austral. 3:640(1867). - Helichrysum manglesii (Lindley) Baillon, Hist. PI. 8:314(1886). -
Argyrocome manglesii (Lindley) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 1:309(1891). - Roccardia manglesii
(Lindley) Voss, Vilm. Blumengartn. 3rd edn, 1:531(1895). Type: Swan River Colony, leg.
J. Drummond,n.v.
RhodantheatrosanguineaJ.Drumm.exhort.,Card.Chron.no.27:622(1861). Type:LimestoneHills,
Champion Bay,W.A.,J. Drummond, n.v.
Rhodanthe manglesiivar. sanguinea Hook., Bot. Mag. 87:1.5283(1861). -Roccardia manglesii f.
sanguinea (Hook.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengartn. 3rd edn, 1:531(1895). Type: Western Australia,
J.Drummond, n.v.
Roccardiamanglesiif.ligulosaVoss,Vi\m.B\iimer\gMr].3rdedn, 1:531(1895). Type.'notindicated.
HelipterumcryptanthumO.Sarg.,J.Bot.61:285(1923). Type:MtBrown,York,WesternAustralia,
0. Sargent 1404 (holo: BM; ?iso: MEL 109635 Sargent 1404a).
2.Rhodanthe sect. Monencyanthes (A. Gray)Paul G. Wilson,comb. nov.
Monencyanthes A. Gray,Hooker’sJ. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc.4:229(1852).
Helipterumsect.Monencyanthes(A.Gray)Benth.,FI.Austral.3:648(1867). Type:Monencyanthes
gnaphalioides(Hook.) A. Gray
Annual herbs, variably woolly. Leaves cauline, linear to narrow-oblong, entire. Capitula
heterogamous,sessileorsubsessileinterminalglomerules,caducous. Involucreellipsoidal,narrow-
cylindrical,orcup-shaped,notradiant;bractsscarious,woollyciliate,theinnerwithlinearhardclaw.
Receptacleinsignificantorrounded,withorwithoutreceptacularbracts. Florets 1-c. 12,bisexualor
male,5-merous. Corollaaclinomorphic,cylindricalornarrow-turbinate,glabrous. Stamens:anther
appendagebroadovate,obtuse,thecellsnarrow-oblong,thin-walled;anthertailsfilamentous,weak.
mm
Styleapextruncate,papillose. Acheneellipsoidal,c.2.5 long,persistentonreceptacle,sparsely
shortpilose;carpopodiumabsent;pericarpmembranous,hyaline,andwithcrystals(M. maryonii)or
outerlayerwiththickenedbrownradial wallsandcrystalsabsent,nervesmedialormedial-oblique
inrelation tocotyledons (Short etal. 1989); testamembranousand fusedtopericarporsomewhat
leatheryandfree(M.maryonii),crystalspresent. Pappuspersistent,thebristlesplumoseweakwith
afew long cilia.
Notes. Thistaxon wastreatedinaverybroadsenseasasection ofHelipterumbyBentham (1867)
soastoincludesomespeciesnowplacedinChrysocephalum,Rhodanthesect.Achyroclinoides,and
Hyalosperma. Ihaverestrictedittothosespecieswithawoollyindumentum,andcaducouscapitula
withpersistentshortlyhirsuteachenesthathaveapersistentpappus. Theincludedspecies,though
superficially similar, probably arose independently from differentspecies with caducous achenes
sinceinthemicroscopicstructureofthecorollaeachdisplaysasignificantlydifferentmorphology.
Itisinterestingthatintheacheneof/?,maryoniithepericarpbearscrystals(presumablyofcalcium
oxalate)whereasinallotherspeciesofRhodanthethathavecrystalsintheachenetheyarefoundonly
PaulG.Wilson,Heliplerum:Part1 385
inthetesta. Shorte/a/.(1989)recordthatofthemembersoftheInuleaethattheyexamined,crystals
in thepericarp wereonly foundin Craspedia aff.pleiocephala.
Rhodanthemoschata(Cunn. ex DC.)PaulG. Wilson,comb. nov.
GnaphaliummoschatumCunn.exDC.,Prod.6:236(1838). -Helipterummoschatum(DC.)Benth.,
FI.Austral.3:648(1867). Argyrocomemoschata(DC.)Kuntze,Revis.Gen.PI. 1:309(1891). Type:
Mode’sPlains,LachlanRiver,InteriorofNewSouthWales,1817,/l.CMn«/>i^/iam(holo:G-DCphoto
seen).
Calocephalus gnaphalioides Hook, in T. Mitch., J. Exped. Int. Trop. Austral. 378(1849). -
Monencyanthesgnaphalioides (Hook.) A. Gray, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6:230(1852).
Type: T.L. Mitchell, n.v.
ThisspeciesisoftenconfusedwithR.tietkensiiwhichmaybedistinguishedbyitsmorenumerous
florets(c. 10toahead),andabsenceofprominentglandularhairsonthecorollalobes. InR.moschata
therearec. 3 floretsto acapitulum (1 or2bisexual) andprominent glands on the lobes.
AcollectionfromtheSimpsonDesert,NorthernTerritory(G.Chippendale,NT6577,herb.AD)
appearstobeahybridbetweenR.tietkensiiandR.moschata.Theherb.NTduplicateofthiscollection
isoftrueR. moschata. Rhodanthe tietkensiihasbeen found in thesamearea.
MaterialcollectedinnorthernEyrePeninsula,SouthAustralia,differsfromthecommonvariant
in having milky white(notscarious) involucral bracts.
Rhodanthe uniHura (J.Black)Paul G. Wilson,comb. nov.
Helipterum uniflorum J. Black, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 41:651 t.43(1917).
Lectotype (here chosen): Koppermanna, 7 Oct. 1916, S.A. White (AD 98625090 p.p.), isolecto:
MEL NSW
110472, 181468.
Rhodanthemaryonii (S. Moore)Paul G. Wilson,comb. nov.
//e/ipterH/nwaryoniiS.Moore,J.Linn.Soc.Bot.45:182(1920). Type:Mu\lino,J.E.C.Maryon(holo:
BM; iso: MEL 110713,NSW 181424).
3. Rhodanthe sect. Leiochrysum (DC.) PaulG. Wilson,comb. nov.
Helipterum sect. Leiochrysum DC., Prod. 6:216(1838). Lectotype (here designated): Helipterum
polygalifolium DC. [^Rhodanthepolygalifolia (DC.) Paul G. Wilson],
Helipterum sect. Sericophorum DC.,Prod. 6:216(1838). Lectotype (heredesignated): Helipterum
humboldtianum (Gaudich.) DC. [=Rhodanthe humboldtiana(Gaudich.) Paul G. Wilson].
PteropogonDC.,Prod.6:245(1838). -Pteropogonsect.FacelioidesA.Gray,Hooker’sJ.Bot.Kew
Gard. Misc. 4:267(1852) nom. illeg. - Helipterum sect. Pteropogon (DC.) Benth., El. Austral.
3:639(1867). Type:P.pygmaeusDC.
.
386 NuytsiaVol.8,No.3(1992)
XyridantheLindley,Sketch Veg. SwanRiv. Col. 23(1839). Type:X. strictaLindley
AcrocliniumA.Gray,Hooker’sJ.Bot.KewCard.Misc.4:270(1852).-Wc//c/(ryiMmsect.Acrod/VuMw
(A.Gray) Baill., Hist. PI. 8:174, 314(1882); F. Muell.,Fragm. 3:32(1862) nomen. Lectotype (here
designated):A. multicaule A. Gray [=Rhodanlhe chlorocephala (Turcz.)Paul G. Wilson].
GrijfithiaJ.Black,Trans. &Proc.Roy.Soc. SouthAustralia37:122(1913). Type:G. helipteroides
J. Black [=Rhodanthe oppositifolia (S. Moore) Paul G. Wilson].
Annual herbs (rarely short-lived perennial), glabrous orvariously pubescent. Leaves linearto
oblong,entire. Capitulaheterogamousorhomogamous, solitaryorclustered. Involucreglobularto
cylindricalorturbinate,radiantornot;bractsmultiseriate,scarious,papery,orthinlycartilaginous;
stereomeoblongtolinear,thin;clawofinnerinvolucra!bractsflat,scarious. Receptacleroundedto
conical,smoothorpitted,glabrousorpuberulous. Florets5tonumerous,bisexual,ortheinnermost
male, 5-merous. Corollaactinomorphic to zygomorphic, almost glabrous to variously pubescent,
cylindricalorexpandedabove,cellsofinnerepidermisoflobesequilateraltobroad-oblong,smooth
orpapillose. Stamens: antherappendagenarrow-deltoid to ovateoroblong, cells narrow-oblong;
anthertailsfilamentous,weak;collaroblongornarrow-oblong. Styleapextruncatetobroadlydeltoid,
mm
prominentlypapillose. Acheneobovoid,compressedobovoid,orellipsoid,L5-3.5 long,densely
silkyormoderatelyshortpilose;carpopodiumashortglabrousslightlytumidhollowba.seorabsent;
pericarpcrustaceous,thinlycoriaceous,orpapery vascularstrandsinmedialorobliqueposition;testa
,
membranous to thinly coriaceous, free from or fused to pericarp, the vascular strand 1/2 to 3/4
encircling seed; crystalsin testa presentorabsent. Pappus persistent orcaducous; bristles linear-
lanceolate,plumose, theterminal ciliafrequentlyroundedorclavate.
Note1 Candolle(1838)placedllelipieniinpolygalifaliummd//. dijfusiiminhissectionLeiochrysum,
Ihaveselectedthefirstofthe.seasthelectotypesinceitbetteragreeswithhissectionaldescription.
Note 2. Gray (1852) included two species in Pteropogon sect. Facelioides of which one was
P.pygmaeus, thetype ofPteropogon. His sectiomd name istherefore superfluous.
Rhodantheanthemoides (Sprengel) Paul G.Wilson,comb. nov.
Helichrysum anthemoides Sieberex Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3:484(1826). - Helipterum anthemoides
(Sprengel) DC.,Prod. 6:216(1838). -Argyrocomeanthemoides (Sprengel) Kuntze,Revis.Gen.PI.
1:309(1891). -Roccardiaanthemoides (Sprengel) Voss,Vilm. Blumengartn. 3rd edn, 1:531(1895)
anthemodes' Type:'NovHoll.'probablyF.W. Sieber344 (iso: G-DCphotoseen,K,MEL 109048,
' .
604823).
HelipterumpunctatumDC.,Prod.6:216(1838). Type:Van-DiemenLand,R.Gunn239(holo:G-DC
MEL
photo seen; ?iso: 109067p.p.).
Rhodanthe chlorocephala (Turcz.) Paul G. Wilson, comb. nov.
Schoenia chlorocephala Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24/l:193(March 1851). -
Helipterumchlorocephalum (Turcz.)Benth.,Fl.Austral.3:641(1867).-Argyrocomechlorocephala
PaulG.Wilson,Helipterum:Part1 387
(Turcz.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 1:309(1891). - Roccardia chlorocephala (Turcz.) Voss, Vilm.
Blumengartn. 3rd edn, 1:530(1896). Type: Western Australia,J. Drummond4th coll. n. 199 (iso:
MEL
109146, 109147, 109148).
Rhodanthechlorocephala subsp. chlorocephala
[AcrocliniummulticauleA.Gray,Hooker’sJ.Bot.KewGard.Misc.4:271(1852)astovar.6notas
to lectotype. Syntype: Swanriver,J. Drummond(K).]
I amapplying theepithetsubsp. chlorocephalain anarrow sensesoas torestrictitto theform
representedbythetypecollectionofthistaxon. Thistypewascollectedfroman unknownlocality
inthesouth-westofWesternAustralia: itwasincludedinDrummond’sfourthcollectionwhich was
despatchedtoEngland in July 1847. AccordingtoErick.son (1969) thefourth collection consisted
ofplants gathered from King George Sound, Stirling Range, Porongorups, Mt Manypeaks, Cape
Riche,WestMtBarren,andfromnorthandeastofMooreRiver.OfthesevariouslocalitiesR/ioi/ant/ie
chlorocephalaisonlyknown from the MooreRiverareabuttheonly otherspecimens 1 havebeen
abletomatch with the typeme thosethatrepresenttheoriginalmaterialofAcrocliniummulticaule
A.Gray var. 6which isan apparently undated and unnumberedcollection ofDrummond’s in herb.
K. Itispossiblethatthespecimensthat form thebasesofR. chlorocephalaandA. multicaulevar.
6 arefrom thesameDrummondcollection.
Rhodanthechlorocephala subsp. rosea(Hook.)Paul G. Wilson,comb, et subsp. nov.
Acroc/m/MmrarmnHook.,Bot.Mag.1.4801(1854).-7/e/;c/!r>’rHmgray/F.Muell.,Fragm.5:200(1866).
-Helipterumroseum(Hook.)Benth.,FI.Austral.3:640(1867).-Argyrocomerosea(Hook.)Kuntze,
Revis. Gen. PI. 1:309(1891). - Roccardia rosea (Hook.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengartn. 3rd edn,
1:531(1896). Typecitation;'AnativeoftheinteriorofSouth-westAustralia,betweentheMooreand
Murchisonrivers from whencetheseedsweresentin 1853byMr.JamesDrummond, togetherwith
driedspecimens(No. 157ofhisHerbarium).'Lectotype(herechosen):J.Drummond6thcoll.no. 157
(lecto: K; isolccto:NSW 180743). Syntype: Hort. Kew. 1854 fromDrummondS.W. Australia(K).
Acroclinium multicaule A. Gray, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4:271(1852). - Helichrysum
drummondiiF. Muell., Fragm. 5:200(1866). Lectotype (here chosen): Swan River,J. Drummond
(lecto: ?K n.v.; ?iso: P, 'J. Drummond349’,annotatedby A. Gray in 1851).
Acrocliniumroseumvar.grandiflorumNicholson,111. Diet.Gard. 1:18(1884).-Helipterumroseum
var. grandiflorum(Nicholson) Chitt., Diet. Gardening 2ndedn,2:978(1951). Type: not indicated.
Acrocliniumroseumvar. albumhort.exNicholson,111. Diet. Gard. 1:18(1884).-Helipterumalbum
(Nicholson) L. Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2:726(1900). - Helipterum roseum f. album (Nicholson)
Moldcnke, Phytologia 2:312(1947). Type: notindicated.
Helipterum roseum var. nigropapposum Ostenf., Biol. Meddel. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk.
3/2:140(1921). Typecitation:'Perth,King’sPark,inopensandyplaces(No.874; 10.Sept.l914).'(iso:
MEL
110494).
388 NuytsiaVol.8,No.3(1992)
[Helipterum troedelii var. patens Ewart, J. White & B. Rees, Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 22
n.s.:15(1909).-Helipterumroseumvar.patens(Ewartetal.)J.Black,Trans.&Proc.Roy.Soc.South
Australia45:21(1921) as to syntype'FraserRange, 1891,R. Helms', notas tolectotype. Syntype:
FraserRange,4Oct.l891,y?. Helms (MEL 110705,AD 96343013,NSW 180742).]
Theinvolucral bractsin this subspecies can bepinkorwhite.
Note. AsaGray, mdarAcrocliniummulticaule,describedavarietya in which theraybractswere
white,andavariety6inwhichtheraybractswere'subaeruginosis'. Thelectotypecitedaboveisof
the var. a which corresponds to R. chlorocephala subsp. rosea, var. B is referred to subsp.
chlorocephala.
Rhodanthechlorocephalasubsp. splendida (Hemsley) PaulG.Wilson,subsp. etcomb. nov.
HelipterumsplendidumHemsley,Bot. Mag. t.7983(1904). -Helipterumroseumvar. albumEwart
etal., Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria n.s. 23:59(1910) nom.illeg. Type citation: 'Kew is indebted to
MrG.F. Berthoud,ofWaroona,nearDrakesbrook,W. Australia,fordriedspecimensandseedsof
this handsome plant, which he labelled:- "Native of North-western Districts." There are also
herbariumspecimenscollectedinopenplainsatMenzies,aboutahundredmilesnorthofCoolgardie,
inabout29'"30’S.lat.and 121°E.long.,byCecilAndrews.'Lectotype(herechosen):North-western
MEL
DistrictsofWestern Australia,26.x.1903,G.F. Berthoud(lecto: K; isolecto: 110704).
Rhodanthe chlorocephalaisextremelyvariable. Atoneextremeisfound intheSharkBayarea
ofWesternAustraliaalargefloweredvariantwithlong(to30mm)cream-colouredlimbstotheinner
involucralbracts. AttheotherextremeisfoundavariantintheNullarborareaofSouthAustraliaand
Western Australia with smallheadsand short(c. 5 mm) whitelimbs. Between theseextremes isa
continuityofforms. In addition tothedifferencesinsizeoftheheadsand bracts,andthepresence
ofablackspotatthebaseofthelimbinthelargecreambractedvariant,therearefoundcolourforms
that range from white to cream and various shades of pink. Hooker noted that in cultivation
Acrocliniumroseumhadmuchlargerheadsthanthewildplantfromwhichtheseedwasobtainedand
this difference is apparent when comparing the Drummond herbarium material with Hooker s
illustration.
ThevariantdescribedbyOstenfeldasHelipterumroseumvar. nigropapposum wascollectedin
Perth; it is almost identical to Drummond’s collection no. 157 (from between the Moore and
MurchisonRivers) on which the nameAcrocliniumroseumwasbased.
The name A. multicaule A. Gray was based on two variants, as is noted above, ofwhich one
correspondsto subsp. chlorocephalaandtheotherto subsp. rosea.
The name A. roseum var. grandiflorum Nicholson was based on a large-headed rose-coloured
variantwhilevar.albumNicholsonwasbasedonawhitevariant,bothvariantsarepresumablyforms
ofsubsp. roseum.
Ewartetal. (1909)basedthenameH. troedeliivar.patenson twocollectionsofwhichone,the
lectotype,isRhodanthetroedeliis.str. whiletheother(fromtheFraserRangeinWesternAustralia)
isofthesmall'Nullarbor’variantofsubsp.rosea. ItwasthelatterspecimenthatJ.M.Blackfirstsaw