The CISO journey : life lessons and concepts to accelerate your professional development

317 Pages·2017·6.6 MB·English

by  Fredriksen

The CISO Journey
Life Lessons and Concepts to Accelerate
Your Professional Development
Internal Audit and IT Audit
Series Editor: Dan Swanson
A Guide to the National Initiative Mastering the Five Tiers
for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) of Audit Competency:
The Essence of Effective Auditing
Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (2.0)
Ann Butera
Dan Shoemaker, Anne Kohnke, and Ken Sigler
ISBN 978-1-4987-3849-1
ISBN 978-1-4987-3996-2
Operational Assessment of IT
A Practical Guide to Performing Steve Katzman
Fraud Risk Assessments ISBN 978-1-4987-3768-5
Mary Breslin
Operational Auditing: Principles and
ISBN 978-1-4987-4251-1
Techniques for a Changing World
Hernan Murdock
Corporate Defense and the Value
ISBN 978-1-4987-4639-7
Preservation Imperative:
Bulletproof Your Corporate Securing an IT Organization through
Governance, Risk Management, and Audit
Defense Program
Ken E. Sigler and James L. Rainey, III
Sean Lyons
ISBN 978-1-4987-3731-9
ISBN 978-1-4987-4228-3
Security and Auditing of Smart Devices:
Data Analytics for Internal Auditors Managing Proliferation of
Richard E. Cascarino Confidential Data on Corporate
ISBN 978-1-4987-3714-2 and BYOD Devices
Sajay Rai, Philip Chukwuma, and Richard Cozart
Fighting Corruption in a Global ISBN 978-1-4987-3883-5
Marketplace: How Culture, Geography,
Software Quality Assurance:
Language and Economics Impact Audit and
Integrating Testing, Security, and Audit
Fraud Investigations around the World Abu Sayed Mahfuz
Mary Breslin ISBN 978-1-4987-3553-7
ISBN 978-1-4987-3733-3
The CISO Journey:
Life Lessons and Concepts to Accelerate
Investigations and the CAE:
Your Professional Development
The Design and Maintenance of an
Gene Fredriksen
Investigative Function within Internal Audit
ISBN 978-1-138-19739-8
Kevin L. Sisemore
The Complete Guide to
ISBN 978-1-4987-4411-9
Cybersecurity Risks and Controls
Internal Audit Practice from A to Z Anne Kohnke, Dan Shoemaker,
and Ken E. Sigler
Patrick Onwura Nzechukwu
ISBN 978-1-4987-4054-8
ISBN 978-1-4987-4205-4
Cognitive Hack: The New Battleground in
Leading the Internal Audit Function
Cybersecurity ... the Human Mind
Lynn Fountain James Bone
ISBN 978-1-4987-3042-6 ISBN 978-1-4987-4981-7
The CISO Journey
Life Lessons and Concepts to Accelerate
Your Professional Development
Gene Fredriksen
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Fredriksen, Gene, author.
Title: The CISO journey : life lessons and concepts to accelerate your professional
development / Gene Fredriksen.
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2017.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016043407 | ISBN 9781138197398 (hb : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Chief information officers. | Computer security. | Computer
networks--Security measures. | Data protection.
Classification: LCC HF5548.37 .F735 2017 | DDC 658.4/78--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016043407
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
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Contents
List of Figures ................................................................................................xi
List of Tables ...............................................................................................xiii
Prologue ........................................................................................................xv
Foreword ......................................................................................................xix
Acknowledgments ........................................................................................xxi
Author .......................................................................................................xxiii
SeCtion i intRoDUCtion AnD HiStoRY
1 Introduction: The Journey ......................................................................3
2 Learning from History? ..........................................................................5
3 My First CISO Lesson: The Squirrel ......................................................9
The Big Question: How Did I End Up in Info Security? ...........................10
SeCtion ii tHe RULeS AnD inDUStRY DiSCUSSion
4 A Weak Foundation Amplifies Risk .....................................................15
Patching: The Critical Link… ....................................................................19
It’s about More Than Patching ...................................................................21
Patching Myth One ..............................................................................21
Patching Myth Two ..............................................................................22
Patching Myth Three ............................................................................22
Patching Myth Four ..............................................................................22
Scanning Required! ...................................................................................23
Misconception One ...............................................................................23
Misconception Two ...............................................................................24
Misconception Three .............................................................................24
Misconception Four ..............................................................................24
Misconception Five ...............................................................................25
Environment Control ............................................................................26
Tracking IT Assets ................................................................................26
v
vi ◾ Contents
Risk Management .................................................................................27
Key Questions to Ask ............................................................................33
5 If a Bad Guy Tricks You into Running His Code on Your
Computer, It’s Not Your Computer Anymore .......................................39
Worms, Trojans, and Viruses: What’s in a Name? .....................................41
Myth One .............................................................................................41
Myth Two ............................................................................................42
Myth Three ..........................................................................................42
Myth Four.............................................................................................43
Myth Five ..............................................................................................43
Myth Six ..............................................................................................44
Myth Seven ..........................................................................................44
Myth Eight ...........................................................................................45
Myth Nine ............................................................................................45
Myth Ten (and My Personal Favorite) ..................................................46
Attack Types Are Wide-Ranging ..............................................................46
Social Engineering .....................................................................................47
6 There’s Always a Bad Guy Out There Who’s Smarter,
More Knowledgeable, or Better-Equipped Than You ...........................49
What about Your People? ...........................................................................56
Plan for the Worst ......................................................................................58
Not All Alerts Should Be Complex ............................................................61
What about Wireless? ................................................................................61
Context-Aware Security .............................................................................63
Suggested Reading ....................................................................................64
7 Know the Enemy, Think Like the Enemy .............................................65
Monitoring What Leaves Your Network Is Just as Important as
Monitoring What Comes In: Introducing the “Kill Chain” Methodology ...73
Stack the Deck in Your Favor.....................................................................78
Picking the Right Penetration Test Vendor ................................................79
How Should Penetration Testing Be Applied? ............................................79
Selecting a Vendor .....................................................................................80
8 Know the Business, Not Just the Technology .......................................83
The Role of Risk Management within the Enterprise ................................84
Separation of Duties ..................................................................................86
Is There an Overlap between Legal, Compliance, and Human Resources? ...90
A Model Structure .....................................................................................91
Risk Management/Organizational Management Interaction .....................92
Executive Steering Committee ..............................................................93
Information Security Officer Committee ..............................................93
Contents ◾ vii
Information Security Department Staffing ................................................94
The Compliance Arm of the CISO Office .................................................96
Security Operations and Engineering ........................................................96
User Access and Administration ................................................................97
Advice for the New CISO ..........................................................................98
Tying Your Goals and Objectives to Company Goals ..............................101
Conclusion ...............................................................................................102
9 Technology Is Only One-Third of Any Solution .................................103
Let’s Look at Risk Management and the People, Process,
and Technology Methodology .................................................................104
Safe Harbor Principles .............................................................................106
Prevent ................................................................................................109
Detect .................................................................................................110
Respond ..............................................................................................110
Recover ...............................................................................................112
10 Every Organization Must Assume Some Risk ....................................115
No Is Seldom the Answer ........................................................................117
Strive for Simplicity .................................................................................120
Risk Planning Is Just as Important as Project Planning ...........................121
Dealing with Internal Audit ....................................................................125
The Work .................................................................................................127
11 When Preparation Meets Opportunity, Excellence Happens ............129
End-User Training and Security Awareness .............................................130
Flashback to High School Memories… ...................................................132
Training Methods ....................................................................................132
New Hire Training ..................................................................................133
Awareness Seminars .................................................................................135
Security Policy .........................................................................................143
Roles and Responsibilities ........................................................................144
Company Board and Executives ..........................................................144
Chief Information Officer ...................................................................145
Information Technology Security Program Manager ..........................145
Managers .............................................................................................145
Users ...................................................................................................146
Formal Training ......................................................................................147
Brown Bag Lunches .................................................................................147
Organizational Newsletters ......................................................................148
Awareness Campaigns ..............................................................................148
Tests and Quizzes ....................................................................................149
Funding the Security Awareness and Training Program ..........................149
Summary .................................................................................................150
viii ◾ Contents
12 There Are Only Two Kinds of Organizations: Those That Know
They’ve Been Compromised and Those That Don’t Know Yet ...........155
Loss Types ...............................................................................................158
Consequences of Loss ..............................................................................158
How Can DLP Help? ..............................................................................158
Prevention Approach................................................................................159
PCI DSS Credit Card Guidelines ........................................................159
Guidelines ...........................................................................................160
Credit Card Processing Procedures .....................................................161
Employee Loyalty Is a Factor ...................................................................162
What Can You Do? .................................................................................167
13 In Information Security, Just Like in Life, Evolution Is Always
Preferable to Extinction .....................................................................169
Security Strategic Planning ......................................................................171
The Planning Cycle ..................................................................................172
Foundation/Strategy ................................................................................172
Assessment and Measurement ..................................................................172
Key Risk Identification ............................................................................173
Develop the Strategic Plan .......................................................................174
Process Inputs .....................................................................................175
Money, Money, Money… ...................................................................179
Capital Expenditures ......................................................................179
Operational Expenses .....................................................................179
14 A Security Culture Is In Place When Talk Is Replaced with Action .....181
Introduction ............................................................................................181
Training ...................................................................................................183
Basics .......................................................................................................185
Technology ..............................................................................................187
Data Security ...........................................................................................188
Productivity .............................................................................................190
Communication ......................................................................................192
E-mail ......................................................................................................195
Morale .....................................................................................................196
Metrics and Measures ..............................................................................197
Workplace ................................................................................................198
Conclusion ..............................................................................................200
15 NEVER Trust and ALWAYS Verify ....................................................203
Trust Your Vendors: Home Depot ...........................................................207
Nervous about Trusting the Cloud? .........................................................209
Does Your System Encrypt Our Data while They Are Stored
on Your Cloud? ...................................................................................210
Contents ◾ ix
Does the Provider Have a Disaster Recovery Plan for Your Data? .......210
Don’t Confuse Compliance with Security ...........................................211
Has the Potential Vendor Earned Certifications for Security
and Compliance That Can Provide Assurance of Their Capabilities? ...211
What Physical Security Measures Are in Place at the Supplier’s
Data Centers? ......................................................................................212
Where Are My Data Being Stored? .....................................................212
Vendor Oversight Program Basics ............................................................213
Internal Trust...........................................................................................213
SeCtion iii SUMMARY
16 My Best Advice for New CISOs ..........................................................221
Talking to the Board ................................................................................223
Appendix A: The Written Information Security Plan .................................225
Appendix B: Talking to the Board ..............................................................241
Appendix C: Establishing an Incident Response Program .........................253
Appendix D: Sample High-Level Risk Assessment Methodology ...............273
Index ...........................................................................................................279