The Chicago Handbook of University Technology Transfer and Academic Entrepreneurship

320 Pages·2015·3.93 MB·English

by  Albert N. Link

The Chicago Handbook of University
Technology Transfer and Academic
Entrepreneurship

The Chicago Handbook of
University Technology Transfer
and Academic Entrepreneurship
Edited by
albert n. link, donald s.
siegel, and mike wr ight
the university of chicago press chicago and london
albert n. link is professor of economics at the University of North Carolina at Greens-
boro. Donald s. Siegel is dean of the School of Business and professor of management at
the University at Albany, the State University of New York. Mike Wright is professor of
entrepreneurship and head of the Department of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at
Imperial College Business School where he also serves as associate director of the
Enterprise Research Center and director of the Centre for Management Buy-out and
Private Equity Research.
The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637
The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London
© 2015 by The University of Chicago
All rights reserved. Published 2015.
Printed in the United States of America
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5
isbn-13: 978-0-226-17834-9 (cloth)
isbn-13: 978-0-226-17848-6 (e-book)
doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226178486.001.0001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Chicago handbook of university technology transfer and academic entrepreneurship /
[edited by] Albert N. Link, Donald S. Siegel, and Mike Wright.
pages ; cm
Includes index.
isbn 978-0-226-17834-9 (cloth : alk. paper)—isbn 978-0-226-17848-6 (e-book)
1. Academic spin-outs. 2. Technology transfer. 3. University-based new business
enterprises. 4. Technology transfer—United States. 5. Academic spin-outs—United
States. 6. University-based new business enterprises—United States. I. Link,
Albert N., editor. II. Siegel, Donald S., 1959– editor. III. Wright, Mike, 1952– editor.
T174.3.C4787 2015
338.9′26—dc23
2014016929
This paper meets the requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).
Contents
Editors’ Introduction ix
Albert N. Link, Donald S. Siegel, and Mike Wright
chapter 1. University Technology Transfer Offi ces, Licensing,
and Start-Ups 1
Donald S. Siegel and Mike Wright
chapter 2. Open Science and Open Innovation: Sourcing Knowledge
from Universities 41
Markus Perkmann and Joel West
chapter 3. Accountability, Government Rights, and the Public
Interest: A Thirty-Year Retrospective 75
Arti Rai and Bhaven Sampat
chapter 4. An Entrepreneur’s Guide to the University 97
Fiona Murray and Julian Kolev
chapter 5. Challenges in University Technology Transfer and the
Promising Role of Entrepreneurship Education 138
Andrew Nelson and Thomas Byers
chapter 6. Research, Science, and Technology Parks: Vehicles
for Technology Transfer 168
Albert N. Link and John T. Scott
chapter 7. University Patenting in Europe: Does Faculty
Ownership of Intellectual Property Impede
University Technology Transfer? 188
David Audretsch and Devrim Göktepe-Hultén
chapter 8. The Transition toward Entrepreneurial Universities:
An Assessment of Academic Entrepreneurship
in Italy 218
Nicola Baldini, Riccardo Fini, and Rosa Grimaldi
chapter 9. Northeastern University: A Study of Technology
Transfer and the Academic Entrepreneur 245
Tucker J. Marion, Denise Dunlap, and John H. Friar
List of Contributors 285
Index 289

Editors’ Introduction
Albert N. Link, Donald S. Siegel, and Mike Wright
Introduction
In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the rate of tech-
nology commercialization at universities. In 1980, Congress passed
the Bayh-Dole Act, the landmark legislation governing university tech-
nology transfer. Bayh-Dole dramatically changed incentives for univer-
sities and fi rms to engage in university technology transfer. It simplifi ed
the commercialization process by instituting a uniform patent policy and
removing many restrictions on licensing federally funded technologies.
More importantly, it enabled universities to own the patents that arise
from federal research grants. Almost all universities now have a technol-
ogy transfer or licensing offi ce, and several have also established venture
units (e.g., Boston University and Columbia University), as well as proof
of concept centers (e.g., Iowa State University and Syracuse University).
Also, universities are increasingly being viewed by policy makers as en-
gines of economic growth and local/regional development, via their com-
mercialization of intellectual property through technology transfer.
Formal technology transfer mechanisms include patents, copyrights,
trademarks, licensing agreements between the university and private
fi rms, and university-based start-ups, as well as property-based insti-
tutions such as incubators and accelerators and research, science, and
technology parks. There is also a burgeoning interdisciplinary scholarly
literature on university technology transfer, as indicated by the many
conferences and special issues of academic journals on this topic. A con-
comitant trend is the growing number of graduate courses and programs