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Special Publication 24
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V
THE CHEWING LICE
World Checklist and
Biological Overview
by
Roger D. Price
University of Minnesota
Ronald A. Hellenthal
University of Notre Dame
Ricardo L. Palma
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Kevin P. Johnson
Illinois Natural History Survey
Dale H. Clayton
University of Utah
Illinois Natural History Survey
Special Publication 24
Copyright ©2003 by the Illinois Natural History Survey, David L. Thomas, Chief
The Natural History Survey is a division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources,
Joel Brunsvold, Director
Printed by the authority of the State of Illinois
MJ182652—1,2M—6-03
US ISSN 0888-9546
ISBN 1-882932-08-0
Library of Congress Control number: 2003106234
The Chewing Lice
Edited by Charles Warwick
Citation:
Price, R.D., R.A. Hellenthal, R.L. Palma, K.P. Johnson, and D.H. Clayton. 2003.
The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview.
Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp.
Equal opportunity to participate in programs of the Illinois Department ofNatural Resources (IDNR)
and those funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies is available to all
individuals regardless of race, sex, national origin, disability, age, religion, or other non-merit
factors. If you believe you have been discriminated against, contact the funding source's civil rights
office and/or the Equal Employment Opportunity Officer, IDNR, One Natural Resources Way,
Springfield, IL 62702-1271; 217/785-0067; TTY 217/782-9175.
This publication is printed with soy ink on recycled and recyclable paper
Illustrations on cover and endpapers
Cover: dorsal Haematomyzus porci (Rhynchophthirina: Haematomyzidae) male from the red river hog (Polamochoerus porcus).
Endpapers: dorsal Colpocephalum fregili (Amblycera: Mcnoponidae) male from the red-billed chough (Pyrrhocoraxpyrrhocorax),
dorsal Haematomyzus porci male, dorsal Quadraceps crassipedalis (Ischnocera: Philopteridae) female from the least seed-snipe
(Thinocorus rumicivorus), dorsal Geomydoecus telli (Ischnocera: Trichodectidae) female from the Llano pocket gopher
(Pappogeomys gymnurus tellus).
ii
To
Theresa Clay
(1911-1995)
K.C. Emerson
(1918-1993)
In recognition of their lifetime of contributions to chewing louse systematics.
111
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2018 with funding from
BHL-SIL-FEDLINK
https://archive.org/details/chewingliceworldOOunse
Contents
Preface IX
World Checklist of Chewing Lice with Host Associations and Keys to Families and
Genera by Roger D. Price, Ronald A. Hellenthal, and Ricardo L. Palma_ 1
Introduction. 3
Checklist Data. 4
Chewing Louse-Host Specificity . 6
Fossil Phthiraptera . 6
Louse Classification. 7
Chewing Louse Collection and Preparation. 8
External Louse Morphology. 8
Checklist Coverage and Organization . 9
Data Representation and Checklist Production . 10
Literature Cited. 11
Keys to Chewing Louse Families and Genera with Genus Illustrations. 13
Key to Phthiraptera Suborders and Chewing Louse Families . 13
Keys to Genera of Chewing Lice by Host Order. 15
Birds. 15
Mammals . 25
Genus Illustrations . 28
Chewing Lice of the World with Host Associations. 73
Boopiidae . 73
Gyropidae. 75
Haematomyzidae. 79
Laemobothnidae. 79
Menoponidae . 82
Philoptendae. 140
Ricinidae. 246
Trichodectidae . 252
Trimenoponidae . 275
Unknown. 276
Hosts with Chewing Louse Associations . 277
Birds. 277
Ansenformes - screamers, ducks, geese, swans .'. 277
Apodiformes - swifts, hummingbirds . 282
Apterygiformes - kiwis . 285
Capnmulgiformes - oilbird, frogmouths, nightjars. 285
Casuariiformes - emus, cassowaries . 285
v
Charadriiformes - plovers, gulls, tems, puffins. 285
Ciconiiformes - flamingos, herons, storks. 298
Coliiformes - mousebirds . 302
Columbiformes - sandgrouse, doves, pigeons. 302
Coraciiformes - kingfishers, todies, hombills. 309
Cuculiformes - cuckoos, turacos, road-runners. 312
Falconiformes - vultures, hawks, falcons . 314
Galliformes - pheasants, fowl, turkeys . 321
Gaviiformes - divers . 332
Gruiformes - cranes, rails, bustards. 332
Passeriformes - broadbills, songbirds . 336
Pelecaniformes - boobies, pelicans, cormorants. 362
Piciformes - woodpeckers, toucans, barbets. 364
Podicipediformes - grebes. 368
Procellariiformes - albatrosses, petrels. 368
Psittaciformes - cockatoos, lories, parrots. 374
Rheiformes - rheas. 380
Sphemsciformes - penguins. 380
Strigiformes - owls . 380
Struthioniformes - ostriches . 383
Tinamiformes - tinamous. 383
Trogoniformes - trogons . 387
Mammals. 387
Artiodactyla - even-toed ungulates . 387
Carnivora - carnivores. 389
Dasyuromorphia - carnivorous marsupials . 392
Didelphimorphia - American opossums . 393
Diprotodontia - koalas, wombats, possums, macropods, etc. 393
Hyracoidea - hyraxes. 394
Paucituberculata - shrew opossums. 395
Peramelemorphia - bandicoots, bilbies. 396
Perissodactyla - odd-toed ungulates . 396
Primates - primates . 396
Proboscidea - elephants. 396
Rodentia - rodents. 396
Xenarthra - edentates. 413
Bibliography . 415
The Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Chewing Lice
by Kevin P. Johnson and Dale C. Clayton. 449
Biology . 451
Introduction. 451
Morphology, Physiology, and Behavior. 453
Ecology. 457
Population Dynamics and Community Ecology. 457
Host Defense. 459
Effects of Chewing Lice. 460
Biogeography . 461
vi
