The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements: Volume 2

904 Pages·1987·20.04 MB·English

by  Wallace W. Schulz

Fundamental constants
Quantity Symbol Value SI unit Auxiliary value
Speed of light in vacuum c 2.997925 x 108 ms-I
Elementary charge e 1.602189 x 10-19 C
Planck constant h 6.626 18 x 10 -34 Js = 4.13570 x 10-15 eV s; 1\ = h/21l
Avogadro constant NA 6.02204 x 1023 mol-I
Atomic mass unit lu 1.660 566 x 10-27 kg = 931.5016 MeV: mass of l2C = 12 u
Electron rest mass me 0.910953 x 10-30 kg M. = NA·m. = 0.000 548 580u
= 0.5110034 MeV
Proton rest mass mp 1.672649 x 10-27 kg Mp = NA'mp = 1.0072765u
= 938.2796 MeV
Neutron rest mass mn 1.674954 x 10-27 kg Mn = NA'mn = 1.0086650u
= 939.573 1 MeV
Faraday constant F 9.64846 x 104 Cmol-I =NA'e
Rydberg constant R", 1.097373 x 107 m-I Rooh'c = 13.6058eV
Bohr radius ao 0.529177 x 10-10 m = oc/41lR""
Electron magnetic moment /le 9.28483 x 10 -24 Jrl
Proton magnetic moment /lp 1.410617 x 10-26 JT-I
Bohr magneton /lB 9.27408 x 10-24 JT-I = e'/2' m. (l J T-I = 103 erg gauss-I)
Nuclear magneton /IN 5.05082 x 10-27 JT-I = e'/2'mp
Molar gas constant R 8.31441 Jmol-I K-I = 0.082057Iitatmmol-1 K-I
= 1.987 2 cal mol-I K -I
Molar volume of Vrn 0.0224138 m3mol-1 = R· To/Po. To = 273.15 K. Po = 1 atm
ideal gas (s.t.p.)
Boltzmann constant k 1.380 662 x 10 -2J JK-I = R/NA; = 8.61735 x 1O-5eV K -I;
11k = 11604.5 KeV-1
Pressure Pa bar kp/m2
1 Pa (Pascal) = 1 N/m2 1 10-5 1.019716 X 10-1
1 bar = 106 dyn/cm2 105 1 10.19716 x W
1 kp/m2 = 1 mm H2O 9.80665 0.980665 x 10-4 1
1 at = 1 kp/cm2 0.980665 x 105 0.980665 104
1 atm = 760 Torr 1.01325 x 105 1.01325 1.033227 x 104
1 Torr = 1 mm Hg 133.3224 1.333224 x 10 -3 13.59510
Ilb/in2 = 1 psi 6.89476 x 103 68.9476 X 10-3 703.069
Useful conversion factors
Work, energy, beat J kWh kcal Btu MeV
1 J (Joule) = 1 Ws = 2.778 x 10-7 2.39006 X 10-4 9.4781 X 10-4 6.242 X 1012
1 Nm = 107 erg
1 kWh 3.6 x 106 1 860.4 3412.14 2.247 x 1019
1 kcal 4184.0 1.1622 x 10-3 1 3.96566 2.6117 x 1016
1 Btu 1055.06 2.93071 x 10-4 0.25164 1 6.5858 x 1Q15
(British thermal unit)
1 MeV 1.602 x 10-13 4.450 X 10-20 3.8289 X 10-17 1.51840 X 10-16
Molecular
energy J/mol em -l/molecule K*/molecule eV/molecule
1 J/mol 1 0.0835935 0.12027 0.0103643
1 em -l/molecule 11.96266 1 1.43879 1.2398 x 10-4
1 K/molecule 8.31444 0.69503 1 8.6173 x 10-5
I eV /molecule 96484.6 8065.5 11604.5 1
* Kelvin (temperature unit)
Power kW PS kpm/s kcaljs
IkW = 1Q1oerg/s 1 1.35962 101.972 0.239006
IPS 0.73550 1 75 0.17579
I kpm/s 9.80665 x 10-3 0.01333 1 2.34384 x 10 -3
I kcaljs 4.1840 5.6886 426.650 1
at atm Torr Ib/in2
1.019716 x 10-5 0.986923 x 10 -5 0.750062 X 10-2 145.0378 X 10-6
1.019716 0.986923 750.062 14.50378
10-4 0.967841 x 10-4 0.735559 X 10-1 1.422335 x 10-3
1 0.967841 735.559 14.22335
1.033227 1 760 14.69595
1.359510 x 10-3 1.315789 X 10-3 1 19.33678 X 10-3
70.3069 x 10 -3 68.0460 x 10 -3 51.7149 1
THE CHEMISTRY OF THE
ACTINIDE ELEMENTS
This work is dedicated to
Professor Burris B. Cunningham
University of California, Berkeley
1912-1971
Pioneer in the chemistry of
the transuranium elements
THE CHEMISTRY OF THE
ACTINIDE ELEMENTS
SECOND EDITION
Volume 2
EDITED BY
Joseph J. Katz
Chemistry Division
Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Glenn T. Seaborg
Chemistry Division
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA
Lester R. Morss
Chemistry Division
Argonne National Laboratory, USA
LONDON NEW YORK
Chapman and Hall
First published in 1957 by Methuen Ltd
Published in 1986 in two volumes by
Chapman and Hall Ltd
11 New Fetter Lane, London fC4P 4ff
Published in the USA by
Chapman and Hall
29 West 35th Street, New York NY 10001
© 1986 Chapman and Hall Ltd
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1986
ISBN-13:978-94-0l0-7918-1
All rights reserved. No part of this book may
be reprinted, or reproduced or utilized in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical or other
means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the
publisher.
British library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Katz, Joseph J.
The chemistry of the actinide elements-
2nd ed.
1. Actinide elements
I. Title II. Seaborg, Glenn T. III. Morss,
Lester R.
546'.4 QD172.A3
ISBN-13 :978-94-01 0-7918-1 e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-3155-8
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-3155-8
library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The chemistry of the actinide elements.
Bibliography: p.
Includes indexes.
1. Actinide elements. I. Katz, Joseph J.
(Joseph Jacob), 1912- . II. Seaborg, Glenn
Theodore, 1912- . III. Morss, lester R.
QD172.A3C46 1986 546'.7 86-8284
ISBN-13 :978-94-010-7918-1
CONTENTS
Volume I
Contributors vii
Preface xi
PART ONE
1. Introduction 3
Joseph J. Katz, Glenn T. Seaborg and Lester R. Morss
2. Actinium 14
H. W. Kirby
3. Thorium 41
Leonard I. Katzin and David C. Sonnenberger
4. Protactinium 102
H. W. Kirby
s.
Uranium 169
Fritz Weigel
6. Neptunium 443
James A. Fahey
7. Plutonium 499
Fritz Weigel, Joseph J. Katz and Glenn T. Seaborg
Author Index (Volumes 1 and 2)
Subject Index (Volumes 1 and 2)
Volume 2
Contributors vii
Preface xi
8. Americium 887
Wallace W. Schulz and Robert A. Penneman
9. Curium 962
P. Gary Eller and Robert A. Penneman
10. Berkelium 989
David E. Hobart and Joseph R. Peterson
11. Californium 1025
Richard G. Haire
v
VI Contents
12. Einsteinium 1071
E. Kenneth Hulet
13. Transeinsteinium Elements 1085
Robert J. Silva
PART TWO
14. Summary and comparative aspects of the actinide elements 1121
Joseph J. Katz, Glenn T. Seaborg and Lester R. Morss
15. Spectra and electronic structures of free actinide atoms and ions 1196
Mark S. Fred and Jean Blaise
16. Optical spectra and electronic structure of actinide ions in
compounds and in solution 1235
William T. Carnall and Henry M. Crosswhite
17. Thermodynamic properties 1278
Lester R. Morss
18. Magnetic properties 1361
Norman M. Edelstein and Jean GofTart
19. The metallic state 1388
Michael V. Nevitt and Merwyn B. Brodsky
20. Structural chemistry 1417
John H. Burns
21. Solution chemistry and kinetics of ionic reactions 1480
Sten Ahrland
22. Organoactinide chemistry: properties of compounds having metal-
carbon bonds only to x-bonded ligands 1547
Tobin J. Marks and Andrew Streitwieser, Jr
23. Organoactinide chemistry: properties of compounds with actinide-
carbon, actinide-transition-metal bonds 1588
(1
Tobin J. Marks
24. Future elements (including superheavy elements) 1629
Glenn T. Seaborg and O. Lewin Keller, Jr
Appendix I 1647
Nuclear spins and moments of the actinides
John G. Conway
Appendix II 1649
Nuclear properties of actinide nuclides
Irshad Ahmad and Paul R. Fields
Author Index (Volumes 1 and 2)
Subject Index (Volumes 1 and 2)
CONTRIBUTORS
Irshad Ahmad
Chemistry and Physics Divisions, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Sten Ahrland
Inorganic Chemistry I, Chemical Center, University of Lund, Sweden
Jean Blaise
Laboratoire Aime Cotton, Centre National de la Recherche Scientijique, Universite de
Paris-Sud, France
Merwyn B. Brodsky
Materials Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
John H. Bums
Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
William T. Camall
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
John G. Conway
Materials and Molecular Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA
Henry M. Crosswhite
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Norman M. Edelstein
Materiols and Molecular Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA
P. Gary Eller
Isotope and Nuclear Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
James A. Fahey
Bronx Community College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
Paul R. Fields
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Mark S. Fred
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Jean Goffart
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Universite de Liege, Belgium
vii
Contributors
VIll
Richard G. Haire
Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
David E. Hobart
Isotope and Nuclear Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
E. Kenneth Hulet
Nuclear Chemistry Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Joseph J. Katz
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Leonard I. Katzin
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
o.
Lewin Keller, Jr
Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
H. W. Kirby
Mound Laboratory, Monsanto Research Corporation, Miamisburg, USA
Tobin J. Marks
Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
Lester R. Morss
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Michael V. Nevitt
Materials Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Robert A. Penneman
Isotope and Nuclear Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Joseph R. Peterson
Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee and Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, USA
Wallace W. Schulz
Rockwell Hanford Operations, Energy Systems Group, Richland, USA
Glenn T. Seaborg
Department ofC hemistry, University ofC alifornia, Berkeley and Nuclear Science Division,
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA
Robert J. Silva
Nuclear Chemistry Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA