Table Of Content
THE CHEMISTRY
AND
TECHNOLOGY OF PAINTS
By MAXIMILIAN TOCH
AUTHOR OF "materials FOR PERMANENT PAINTING," ETC., ETC,
WITH PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC PLATES
83
AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS
SECOND REVISED EDITION
NEW YORK
VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY
D.
1916
-r?
COPYRIGHT, 1907, BY
VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY
D.
COPYRIGHT, 191 6, BY
VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY
D.
THE-PLIMPTON PRESS
NORWOOD-MASS--U-S-A
THEGEnyCENTS*
LIBRARV
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
The difficulty which I encountered in writing this
book was not how much to write but how much to omit,
for I found on compihng my notes that I could very
easily have made two volumes, each larger than the
present one, and still would not have covered the ground
thoroughly. It is for this reason that I have omitted
many of the pigments which are rarely used, and have
paid no attention whatever to the pigments which have
gone out of use.
I have not considered it desirable to use any space in
this book with extended repetition o*^ matter that can be
found in other books of reference, for I have so much
matter which is the result of original research that very
few references are cited.
This being the first book ever written on the subject
of mixed paints, I am cognizant of the fact that there
are many matters in it which I shall have to alter in
future editions, and many subjects upon which I shall
have to enlarge, It must be borne in mind that mixed
paint is demanded by a progressive civilization and that
there are no two manufacturers who make identically the
same mixtures. As time changes, the progressive manu-
facturer alters his formulas, and an indication of this is
that the original mixed paints were mostly emulsions
and soap solutions, whereas today the tendency is toward
purity and improvement, and one manufacturer tries to
outdo the other in making a paint that will last, the
ideal paint, however, being never reached.
3
4 PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
This volume is intended for the student in chemistry
who desires to famiharize himself with paint, or the
engineer who desires a better knowledge of the subject,
or for the paint manufacturer and paint chemist as a
work of reference. It is not intended for those who have
no previous knowledge or training in the subject.
Some of the chapters in this book are taken from my
lectures delivered at various universities, and others are
extracts from lectures delivered before scientific bodies.
One of the objects which I have had in view during the
entire time I have been writing this book is to familiarize
the student in chemistry, or the post-graduate, with the
science and technology of modern paints, so that in a
very short time the chemist unfamiliar with the subject
may obtain sufficient knowledge to make a reasonable
examination of paint.
The chapter on linseed oil illustrates this, and my
researches and theories on the difference between raw
and boiled linseed oil are here published for the first time.
From the formulas and disquisition on the subject it
can be easily seen that if raw linseed oil be taken as a
standard nearly all comparisons fail if boiled linseed oil
is under examination.
320 Fifth A\'enue
New York, 1907
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
Since the first edition of this book was pubHshed the
efforts of a large number of technical men working in this
field have resulted in very important advances both in the
production of new pigments, oils and special paints and in
the scientific elucidation of many obscure phenomena in
paint technology. Improvements have also been made in
the method of manufacture as well as in the quality of
many of the older pigments. Advances have also been
made in the discovery and utilization of a number of oils
which have not heretofore found extended use in the paint
trade.
These important advances have necessitated rewriting
most of the book and the addition of new matter to the ex-
tent of doubling its size. Some of the important additions
which may be worthy of mention are, standard specifica-
tions for pigments and oils; new special paints and driers;
the theory of corrosion of iron and steel and its prevention
as well as the action of fungi on paints; the important sub-
ject of the hygiene of workmen; detailed methods of analy-
sis of paints and paint materials as well as tables of
constants of such materials.
Undoubtedly the chemical manufacturer and the chemical
student who intends to become proficient in paint chemistry
will find it essential to read a great deal of the past as well
as the current technical literature of the subject, but it is
the hope of the author that this book will give the student
a comprehensive survey of the progress already made and
furnish a foundation for further improvement.
MAXIMILIAN TOCH
320 Fifth Aventje
New York
July, 1916
5
CONTENTS
Preface to First Edition 3
Preface to Second Edition 5
Introduction 13
CHAPTER
I
The Manufacture OF Mixed Paints 18
.
CHAPTER
II
The White Pigments 26
— — —
White Lead. Sulphate of Le—ad. SubHmed —White Lead.—
Standar—d Zinc Lead White. Ozark White. Zinc Oxid.
Zinox. Lithopone.
CHAPTER
III
The Oxids—of Lead — S3
Litharge. Red Lead. Blue Lead.
_^
CHAPTER IV
The Red Pigments 62
— — —
Venetian Red—s. Indian Red. Permanent Vermilion. Helio
Fast Red. Lithol Red.
CHAPTER V
The Brown Pigments 71
— —
Am—erican Burnt Si—enna. Italian Burnt Sienna. Burnt Umber.
—Burnt Ochre. Prince's Metallic or Princess MineralBrown.
Vandyke Brown.
—
8 CONTENTS
CHAPTER VI
The Yellow Pigments
— —
Americ—an Yellow Ochre. French Yellow Ochre. Chrome Yel-
low. Chromate ofZinc.
CHAPTER VII
The Blue Pigments
— —
Ultramarine Blue. Artificial Cobalt Blue. Prussian Blue.
CHAPTER
VIII
The Green Pigments
— —
Chrome Green—, Chromium Oxid. Green Aniline Lakes.
Zinc Green. Verte Antique (Copper Green). .
CHAPTER IX
The Black Pigments
— —
La—mpblack.— CarbonBlack.——Graphite.—Char—coal. VineBlac—k.
Coal. Ivo—ry Black. Drop—Black. Black Toner.
Benzol Black. Acetylene Black. Mineral Black.
CHAPTER X
The Inert Fillers and Extenders
— — —
Barytes.— Artificial Barium —Sulphate. B—arium Carbonate. —
Silica.— Infusorial—Earth. Ki—eselguhr. Fuller's E—arth.
Clay. Asbestine—. Asbestos. —Calcium Carbonate. White
Mineral Primer. M—arble Dust. Spanish White.—Artificial
Calcium Carbonate. Gypsum.
CHAPTER XI
Mixed Paints
—
Anti-fouling and S—hip's Bottom Paints. Concrete or—Portland
Cement Paints. —Paint Containing—Portland Cement. —Damp-
Resistin—g Paints. Enamel Paints. Flat WaU Paints. Floor
Paints. Shingle Stain and Shingle Paint.
CHAPTER XII
Linseed Oil
—
LinseedOil. StandardSpecif—ications,AmericanSocietyforTesting
Materials for Linseed—Oil. U. S.—Navy Department Specifica-
tions forLinseed Oil. Stand Oil. Japanner's PrussianBrown
Oil.
