Table Of ContentThe Challenge of Organizing and Implementing
Corporate Social Responsibility
The Challenge of Organizing
and Implementing Corporate
Social Responsibility
Edited by
Jan Jonker
and
Marco de Witte
* Selection and editorial matter © Jan Jonker and Marco de Witte 2006
Individual chapters © contributors 2006
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-4238-8
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library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The challenge of organizing and implementing corporate social
responsibility I edited by Jan Jonker and Marco de Witte.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Social responsibility of business. 2. Industrial management - Moral and
ethical aspects. I. Jonker, J. Uan) II. Witte, Marinus Comelis de, 1959-
HD60.C442 2006
658.4'08-dc22 2005056615
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
Transferred to digital printing 2006
Contents
List of Figures and Tables vii
Notes on the Contributors viii
1 Introduction 1
Jan Jonker and Marco de Witte
Part I CSR in its Context
2 The CSR Landscape: An Overview of Key Theoretical
Issues and Concepts 13
David Birch and Jan Jonker
3 Corporate Citizenship, Social Responsibility and Sustainability:
Corporate Colonialism for the New Millennium? 31
Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee
4 In Good Company: Reflections on the Changing Nature of the
Contemporary Business Enterprise and its Embedded
Value Systems 51
Michiel Schoemaker and Jan Jonker
5 Social Capital and Corporate Social Responsibility 63
Andre Habisch and Jeremy Moon
6 An Anatomy of Corporate Social Responsibility: Causal Factors
in CSR as a Social Movement and Business Practice 78
Nigel Roome, Robert-Paul Doove and Marcel Postema
Part II Organizing CSR
7 Reinventing Social Dialogue 95
Robert Beckett and Jan Jonker
8 Stakeholder Engagement in and Beyond the Organization 115
David Foster and Jan Jonker
9 A New Direction for CSR: Engaging Networks for Whole
System Change 131
Ann Svendsen and Myriam Laberge
v
vi Contents
10 Learning to be Responsible: Developing Competences for
Organization-Wide CSR 148
Andre Nijhof, Thea de Bruijn, Olaf Fisscher, Jan Jonker,
Edgar Karssing and Michie/ Schoemaker
11 Standards for Corporate Social Responsibility 173
Math Gobbels
Part Ill Change and CSR
12 Implementing CSR: The Challenge of Change 193
Malcolm Higgs
13 Corporate Social Responsibility as a Tailor-Made
Search Process 211
Jacqueline Cramer and Angela van der Heijden
14 The Enterprise Strategies of European Leaders in Corporate
Social Responsibility 223
Nigel Roome and Jan Jonker
15 Conclusion: The Real Challenges of Organizing and
Implementing CSR 237
Jan Jonker and Marco de Witte
Index 248
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
6.1 Causal factors in CSR as a business practice 85
7.1 Example of a QUAD 108
7.2 PMOGI heuristic 108
7.3 PMOGI model of communicative relations 110
7.4 Binary paradox in social dialogue 111
9.1 The shift to a systems view 13 7
9.2 The cocreative engagement model 140
10.1 The strategic process of learning to be responsible 159
12.1 Map of the approaches to change in the literature 195
12.2 The RFLC change quadrant 196
12.3 Participants' stories mapped on to the change quadrant 201
12.4 The relationship between leadership factors and
change approaches 203
14.1 Innovational structure of the case study companies 232
15.1 The BP-COI model 238
15.2 The CSR business model 242
Tables
5.1 Social capital: sources, substance and effects 70
8.1 Five levels of theorization 119
8.2 Ladder of stakeholder involvement 123
10.1 Preconditions for responsible actions 157
10.2 Competences associated with CSR processes and strategies 168
11.1 The quantitative results of the study 180
15.1 Organizing corporate social responsibility 246
vii
Notes on the Contributors
Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee is Professor of Strategic Management and
Director of Research at the International Graduate School of Business,
University of South Australia, Adelaide. He has taught at the University of
Massachusetts, where he received his PhD, at the University of Wollongong,
where he headed the doctoral programme, and at RMIT University, where he
was Director of the Doctor of Business Administration programme. His
research interests are sustainable development, corporate environmental
ism, globalization, postcolonial theories and indigenous ecology. His work
has appeared in numerous international journals.
Robert Beckett is a researcher specializing in the communication of ethics
and the ethics of communication. He was awarded an MBA by the University
of Portsmouth Business School in 1997. Since 2000 he has been a director of
the commercial partner to the Institute of Communication Ethics, and in
2001 he became a member of the Institute. Prior to that he worked in the
field of UK corporate social responsibility and the international advertising,
marketing and design industries.
David Birch has been Professor of Communication and Director of the
Corporate Citizenship Research Unit, Deakin University, Melbourne, since
1997. He is General Editor of The Journal of Corporate Citizenship and is on
the editorial boards of several International journals. He has been involved
in research partnerships with leading organizations in Australia. He is a
member of the board of the Australian Corporate Citizenship Alliance and
Ability Australia Foundation, and a founding member of the Australian
Corporate Citizenship Alliance and the newly reformed Social and Ethical
Auditing Institute. He has published widely in the fields of communication,
media, cultural studies, corporate citizenship, corporate social responsibility,
governance and accountability.
Theo de Bruijn holds a Master's degree in technology and society from the
Technical University Eindhoven and a PhD in public administration from
the University of Twente. He joined the Center for Clean Technology and
Environmental Policy (CSTM) in 1989 and specialized in the governance of
industrial transformation. He currently coordinates research in this field, as
well as publishing and teaching on the interaction between public authori
ties and industry in environmental affairs, and teaching environmental
management in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. He is also the
European coordinator of the Greening of Industry Network, a global
network for the transition towards sustainable industry.
viii
Notes on the Contributors ix
Jacqueline Cramer worked as an associate professor at the University of
Amsterdam in 1976-89 and as a senior researcher at the Centre 'Strategy,
Technology and Policy' of TNO in 1989-99. She is currently Director of
Cramer Environmental Consultancy and works as a part-time professor
of environmental management at the University of Utrecht. She is a member
of various national and international advisory boards of governmental,
industrial and non-profit organizations.
Robert-Paul Doove has worked as a junior researcher at the Nijmegen School
of Management, Radboud University of Nijmegen, and since July 2003 he has
been on the team of the 'Silent Leaders' project, which forms part of the
Dutch national research programme on CSR. His Master's thesis was on strate
gic corporate responsibility at multinational business enterprises and in the
near future he hopes to start a PhD research project on strategic CSR.
Olaf Fisscher has been at the University of Twente since 1989 and is cur
rently Professor of Organization Studies and Business Ethics and Chair of the
Department of Technology and Organization at the School of Business,
Public Administration and Technology. He holds a Master's degree in indus
trial engineering management and obtained his PhD in social sciences at the
University of Groningen in 1986. His research focuses on organizing for
innovation and organizing for corporate social responsibility. He teaches
innovation management, business ethics and quality management and is
the coordinator of the Master's innovation management programme.
David Foster works in the Faculty of Business at the University of the
Sunshine Coast. Over the last few years he has developed a strong research
interest in the nature of management quality in general and stakeholder
relationships in particular. He has recently completed his PhD, which
focused on the involvement of stakeholders in protected area management
in Victoria, Australia. He has held the position of Head of Department of
Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure at RMIT University and of Leisure Studies at
Phillip Institute.
Math Gobbels is a quality manager and consultant at Biblioservice
Gelderland in the Netherlands, a non-profit organization that provides
library services to public libraries. He is currently preparing his doctoral dis
sertation at the School of Management, Radboud University, Nijmegen. His
research focuses on the hidden and neglected assumptions that underlie the
debate on CSR standards. He has worked as a researcher at Nyenrode
University and as a senior consultant in the field of quality management,
business excellence and auditing.
Andre Habisch is Professor of Social Ethics at the Catholic University of
Eichstaett-Ingolstadt and Director of the Center for Corporate Citizenship.
He is also Visiting Professor at the International Centre for Corporate Social
x Notes on the Contributors
Responsibility, Nottingham University Business School, and a member of the
editorial board of the Journal for Corporate Citizenship. He was a member of
the German parliamentary commission on the 'Future of Voluntary
Engagement' in 1999-2002. He has published widely on social capital, cor
porate social responsibility, network of civic engagement, local family policy
initiatives and cross-sectoral cooperation between business and non-profit
organizations.
Angela van der Heijden works as a junior researcher at the University of
Utrecht. Her Master's thesis was on the institutional and social context in
which corporate foundations donate to charitable causes in Europe and the
United States. After her graduation she worked at the Netherlands
Architecture Institute. Her current research focuses on the implementation
of corporate social responsibility in companies and business chains.
Malcolm Higgs is Director of the School of Leadership, Change and HR and
Director of Research at Henley Management College in the UK. Prior to
moving to Henley to take up the position of Academic Dean he was a prin
cipal partner in Towers Perrin's human resource management practice. This
followed eight years' consulting experience with the Hay Group and Arthur
Young. He has published widely on the topic of emotional intelligence. He is
a member of the British Psychological Society, a Chartered Occupational
Psychologist and Chairman of the consulting firm RFLC.
Jan Jonker works at the School of Management, Radboud University,
Nijmegen, and has run his own consultancy practice for more than 15 years.
His research interest is management and corporate social responsibility, par
ticularly in relation to the development of business strategies. He holds an
MSc from Leiden University and a PhD from Nijmegen University. He is the
author and coauthor of eight books and has published over a hundred arti
cles. He gives public lectures and presentations in various countries and is a
visiting professor in England and France.
Edgar Karssing is a senior trainer and researcher at the Institute for
Responsible Business, University of Nyenrode, where he has worked since
January 1995. He has participated in several research projects and published
extensively on integrity, the management of integrity, moral competence
and philosophy. He is currently preparing his PhD thesis on integrity in
theory and practice.
Myriam Laberge is a Director of the Collaborative Learning and
Innovation Group at Simon Fraser University, Vancouver. As a principal at
CoreRelation Consulting Inc. she brings her experience of whole system
transformation to the design of multistakeholder conferences and engage
ment processes. Over the past decade she has helped various private and
public sector organizations to build effective networks.
