The Cave 4 "Apocryphon of Jeremiah" and the Qumran Jeremianic Traditions: Prophetic Persona and the Construction of Community Identity

373 Pages·2014·1.769 MB·English

by  Kipp Davis

TheCave4ApocryphonofJeremiahandtheQumranJeremianicTraditions
Studies on the Texts of the
Desert of Judah
Editedby
GeorgeJ.Brooke
AssociateEditors
EibertJ.C.Tigchelaar
JonathanBen-Dov
AlisonSchofield
volume 111
Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/stdj
The Cave 4 Apocryphon of
Jeremiah and the Qumran
Jeremianic Traditions
PropheticPersonaandthe
ConstructionofCommunityIdentity
By
KippDavis
leiden|boston
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Davis,Kipp.
Thecave4ApocryphonofJeremiahandtheQumranJeremianictraditions:propheticpersonaandthe
constructionofcommunityidentity/byKippDavis.
p.cm.–(StudiesonthetextsofthedesertofJudah,ISSN0169-9962;volume111)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-90-04-27825-7(hardback:alk.paper)–ISBN978-90-04-27844-8(e-book)1.Apocryphonof
Jeremiah–Criticism,interpretation,etc.I.Title.
BS1830.J572D382014
229'.913–dc23
2014018271
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Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Abbreviations xi
ListofTablesandFigures xii
Introduction:TheEnigmaticProphetJeremiahandHis
ManifestationsintheDeadSeaScrolls 1
1 FromRewrittenBibletoReputation:AFreshMethodological
ApproachtoAppropriatingJeremiahintheDeadSeaScrolls 14
1.1 IstheApocryphonofJeremiahca“RewrittenBible”Text? 15
1.2 PerceptionsofProphetsandProphecyinSecondTemple
Judaism 29
1.3 ReputationandAuthority:JeremiahtheProphetAsa“Founder”in
theDeadSeaScrolls 37
2 TheApocryphonofJeremiah:AMaterialandSynopticOverview 46
2.1 “ParapropheticNarratives”or“Pseudo-PropheticTexts”?An
IntroductiontotheApocryphonofJeremiahcand
Pseudo-Ezekiel 47
2.2 TheClassificationofManuscripts 53
2.2.1 DevorahDimantandArgumentsforMultiple
Compositions 53
2.2.2 MonicaL.W.BradyandArgumentsfora“SingleWorkin
MultipleCopies” 59
2.2.3 CanaWermanetal.,4Q390andPseudo-Moses
Revisited 62
2.2.4 ANewEditionbyElishaQimron 68
2.3 4QApocryphonofJeremiahca(4Q385a):Reconstructionand
LocationofFragments 70
2.3.1 MaterialJoins 73
2.3.2 DistantJoins 84
2.4 DescriptionsoftheOtherWitnessestotheApocryphonc:4Q387,
4Q388a,4Q389 93
2.4.1 4QApocryphonofJeremiahcb(4Q387) 93
2.4.2 4QApocryphonofJeremiahcc(4Q388a) 98
2.4.3 4QApocryphonofJeremiahcd(4Q389) 99
2.5 Conclusion:TheExtentsandLimitsofReconstruction 101
vi contents
3 4QApocryphonofJeremiahca(4Q385a):TheReconstructedTextand
TranslationwithNotes,inConversationwiththeOtherWitnesses
(4Q387,4Q388a,4Q389) 103
3.1 IntroductiontotheReconstructedText 103
3.2 TheReconstructedTextwithTranslation,Notesand
Comments 104
3.2.1 Groupi—Fragments1–6 104
3.2.2 Groupii—Fragments10–18 119
3.2.3 Groupiii—Fragments8and9 140
3.3 4Q387,4Q388a,and4Q389:TextualWitnessestotheApocryphon
ofJeremiahc 141
3.3.1 AnIntroductiontotheApocryphonofJeremiahc? 141
3.3.2 SecondTempleApocalypse:4Q385a3–5;4Q3871–3,4Q388a
7ii,and4Q3898ii 144
3.4 AProposedSynopsisoftheApocryphonofJeremiahc 157
3.4.1 Introduction(4Q389frg.1) 157
3.4.2 HistoricalDiscourse 158
3.4.3 SecondTempleApocalypse 160
3.4.4aEschatologicalPrediction 165
3.4.4bPropheticOracles 166
3.4.5 PropheticOracleofJudgement:APreviouslyUnattested
VersionofNahum3:8–10 168
3.4.6 Post-destructionNarrativeSummary 169
3.5 Conclusion:TheApocryphonofJeremiahcAsaJeremianic
Composition 172
4 4Q390andtheSecondTempleApocalypseRedux 175
4.1 MoreApocryphaofJeremiah:TheApocryphonofJeremiaha–b?
(4Q383,4Q384),and4Q387ainPerspective 176
4.1.1 4QApocryphonofJeremiaha(4Q383) 176
4.1.2 4QApocryphonofJeremiahb?(4Q384) 177
4.1.3 4QApocryphonofJeremiahcf(4Q387a) 179
4.2 4Q390:DifferentiationfromtheApocryphonofJeremiahc,andthe
EvidenceforReworking 180
4.2.1 MaterialRationaleforSeparation 180
4.2.2 VariationinVerbalConstructionsin4Q390 188
4.2.3 Ideology,Religion,andHistoryin4Q390andthe
ApocryphonofJeremiahc 192
4.3 4Q390andtheSecondTempleApocalypse:TextandTranslationin
StructuralParallelwith4QApocrJerca–d 208
contents vii
4.4 4Q390andtheApocryphonofJeremiahc:EchoesofJeremianic
Discourse 227
4.5 Conclusion:4Q390AsanHistorical,IdeologicalPastiche 233
5 CharacterandContent:TheEmerging(orDiminishing?)Jeremiahin
theLiteratureoftheYaḥad 234
5.1 TheProphetJeremiahintheApocryphonofJeremiahcand4Q390:
AProgressiveAppraisal 235
5.1.1 PropheticPersonaintheJeremianicNarrativeofthe
ApocryphonofJeremiahc 235
5.1.2 DualAudiences:FromEgypttoBabylonintheApocryphon
ofJeremiahcand4Q390 246
5.1.3 Deuteronomyand“theLand”intheSecondTemple
Apocalypsei–ii 253
5.2 JeremiahTraditionsintheQumranLiterature 264
5.2.1 TheDamascusDocument 269
5.2.2 4QCatenaa(4Q177)and4QCatenab(4Q182) 273
5.2.3 TheHodayot 277
5.2.4 4QTextMentioningZedekiah(4Q470) 281
5.3 4Q390,the“Admonition,”andPseudo-Daniela 286
5.3.1 cd1:3–11 288
5.3.2 Pseudo-Daniela(4Q243–4Q244) 296
Conclusions:Jeremiah,CommunityLeadership,andthe“Origins
Myth”fortheYaḥad 302
Bibliography 309
IndexofModernAuthors 333
IndexofAncientSources 339

Acknowledgements
Thisbookisasubstantialrevisionofmydoctoraldissertation,“Re-Presentation
andEmergingAuthorityoftheTraditionsofJeremiahinSecondTempleJuda-
ism,”attheUniversityofManchesterin2009.Theoriginalworkwasamuch
broaderexplorationoftraditionsdirectlytiedtoormoreallusivelyassociated
withtheprophetJeremiahthroughoutSecondTempleJewishliterature.What
appearsinthisvolumeisamorefocussedstudyofthesetraditionsstrictlyas
they appear in the Qumran scrolls, and more precisely through the lens of
the Jeremianic composition, the Apocryphon of Jeremiah C (4Q385a, 4Q387,
4Q388a,4Q389).
Therearemanypeopletothankwhohavecontributedinvariouswaysofthe
longprocesstoseeingthisbookemerge.Firstandforemost,Iamverygrateful
tomysupervisorandfriend,Prof.GeorgeJ.Brooke,whosawsomepotentialin
myearlywranglingswithrewrittenBibleandtheprophetictraditionsinthe
DeadSeaScrolls.Hiswisdom,guidanceandexceptionalpatiencewereinstru-
mentalinmycompletionoftheprogrammeattheUniversityofManchester.
SinceheassumedtheeditorshipofStudiesontheTextsoftheDesertofJudah,
Iamdoublygratefultohimforhiscontinuedsupportofthisvolume.Iamalso
gratefultoProf.FlorentinoGarcíaMartínezforhisoriginalprovisionalaccep-
tanceofmydissretationfortheseries,andtomyfriendandformercolleague
Prof. Peter W. Flint for his promotion of my work while he was still a mem-
ber of the editorial board. Perhaps most prominently, I am indebted to Prof.
Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar for his meticulous handling of the manuscript, and for
hislongsufferingsupportofthisproject.Throughhispersistentencouragement
andconstructivecriticismhehastaughtmeagreatdealandchallengedmeas
ascholar.ThankyoualsototheFakultetforHumanioraogPedagogikkatthe
UniversitetetiAgderforadditionalfundingtohelpwiththecompletionofthe
book.
Severalofthechapterswerepresentedatvariousstagesinconferencesand
seminars, and I received much valuable feedback from a number of respon-
dents. My thanks are extended to Prof. Hindy Najman, who has long been a
supporterofmywork;tomyexternalreader,Prof.LutzDoering;toProf.Martin
G.Abegg,DanielK.Falk,RobertKugler,andthemembersoftheWestCoast
QumranWorkingGroup;tomanyofmyformercolleaguesatTrinityWestern
University,includingProf.JimScottandKyungS.Baek;andtomycurrentcol-
leaguesattheUniversitetetiAgder,particularlyProf.TorVegaandMortenK.
Beckman.IamgreatlyindebtedtoProf.TorleifElgvinforhisenduringsupport
ofthisproject,andthetimeIhavespenttoseeitthroughduringmypostdoc-