Table Of Contentthe cambridge history of
TWENTIETH-CENTURY MUSIC
TheCambridgeHistoryofTwentieth-CenturyMusicisafirstappraisalofthe
developmentofmusicinthetwentiethcenturyfromthevantage-pointof
thetwenty-first.Thiswide-rangingandeclecticbooktracestheprogres-
sivefragmentationoftheEuropean‘art’tradition,anditsrelocationasone
traditionamongmanyatthecentury’send.WhilethefocusisonWestern
traditions,both‘art’andpopular,thesearesituatedwithinthecontextof
worldmusic,includingacasestudyoftheinteractionof‘art’andtraditional
musicsinpost-colonialAfrica.Aninternationalauthorshipbringsawide
varietyofapproachestomusichistory,buttheaimthroughoutistoset
musicaldevelopmentsinthecontextofsocial,ideological,andtechnologi-
calchange,andtounderstandreceptionandconsumptionasintegraltothe
historyofmusic.
nicholas cook isProfessorofMusicatRoyalHolloway,Universityof
London,andDirectoroftheAHRBResearchCentrefortheHistoryand
Analysis of Recorded Music. His books include A Guide to Musical Anal-
ysis (1987), Music, Imagination, and Culture (1990), the Cambridge Music
Handbook–Beethoven:Symphonyno.9(1993),AnalysingMusicalMultimedia
andMusic:AVeryShortIntroduction(both1998).
anthony poplewasProfessorofMusicattheUniversityofNottingham
until his death in 2003. His publications include two Cambridge Music
Handbooks–Berg:ViolinConcerto(1991)andMessiaen:Quatuorpourlafin
dutemps(1998);heeditedTheory,AnalysisandMeaninginMusic(1994)aswell
astheCambridgeCompaniontoBerg(1997).
the cambridge history of
MUSIC
TheCambridgeHistoryofMusiccomprisesagroupofreferenceworkscon-
cernedwithsignificantstrandsofmusicalscholarship.Theindividualvol-
umesareself-containedandincludehistoriesofmusicexaminedbycentury
aswellasthehistoryofopera,musictheoryandAmericanmusic.Eachvol-
umeiswrittenbyateamofexpertsunderaspecialisteditorandrepresents
thelatestmusicologicalresearch.
TheCambridgeHistoryofAmericanMusic
EditedbyDavidNicholls
TheCambridgeHistoryofWesternMusicTheory
EditedbyThomasChristensen
TheCambridgeHistoryofNineteenth-CenturyMusic
EditedbyJimSamson
TheCambridgeHistoryofTwentieth-CenturyMusic
EditedbyNicholasCookandAnthonyPople
THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF
TWENTIETH-CENTURY
MUSIC
∗
edited by
NICHOLAS COOK AND ANTHONY POPLE
published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge
ThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom
cambridge university press
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http://www.cambridge.org
(cid:2)
C CambridgeUniversityPress2004
Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout
thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2004
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
TypefaceRenard2 9.5/13pt. SystemLATEX2ε [tb]
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
TheCambridgehistoryoftwentieth-centurymusic/editedbyNicholasCook
andAnthonyPople.
p.cm.–(TheCambridgehistoryofmusic)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
isbn0-521-66256-7
1.Music–20thcentury–Historyandcriticism. I.Cook,Nicholas,1950–
II.Pople,Anthony. III.Series.
ml197.c262004
780(cid:3).9(cid:3)04–dc21 2003055131
ISBN0521662567hardback
Contents
Notesonthecontributors xiii
Preface xviii
Introduction:trajectoriesoftwentieth-centurymusic 1
nicholas cook with anthony pople
1·Peripheriesandinterfaces:theWesternimpacton
othermusic 18
jonathan stock
Introduction 18
Casestudies 20
Instrumentdesigninaglobalcontext 20
RadiosShanghaiandCairo:disembodiedvoices,embodiedstars 22
Newsoundscapes1:diasporaandculture-contact 25
Newsoundscapes2:touristshowsandtouringmusicians 28
Newsoundscapes3:conservatories 31
OutofAfrica:Tukubeatandworldmusic 33
Change,continuitiesandconclusions 35
2·Musicofacentury:museumcultureandthe
politicsofsubsidy 40
leon botstein
Thepredicament:amusicalcultureatthemargins 40
Themuseumfunction 49
Thepoliticaleconomyofmusicaltraditions 55
3·Innovationandtheavant-garde,1900–20 69
christopher butler
Musicandknowledge 71
Alanguageofmodernmusic? 74
Musicandtheunconscious 77
Musicandsocialmeaning 82
Conclusion:understandinginnovation 86
[vii]
viii Contents
4·Music,textandstage:thetraditionofbourgeoistonalitytothe
SecondWorldWar 90
stephen banfield
Theoldworld 90
Arenasandmusicaltypes 92
Popularmusicaltheatreandfilm 94
TheTinPanAlleysystem 97
Opera,balletandoperetta 99
Programmemusic 102
Incidentalmusicforstageandscreen 104
Sacredandseculargentility 108
Devaluation 111
Theoriesanddatesofchange 114
5·Classicjazzto1945 123
james lincoln collier
Precursors 123
Theriseofjazz 127
Thehotdanceband 132
Jazzpiano 136
TheDepression 137
Jazzgoesabroad 139
Theswingera 140
TheDixielandrevival 144
Small-bandswing 147
6·Flirtingwiththevernacular:AmericainEurope,1900–45 152
susan c. cook
Transnationalpopularmusics 157
Post-warresponses 168
Compositionalresponses 174
7·Betweenthewars:traditions,modernisms,andthe‘littlepeople
fromthesuburbs’ 186
peter franklin
Mappingtheterrain 188
Post-warcontinuitiesandnewmedia 191
Class,raceandZeitoperjazz 193
CulturalpoliticsandmerchandisinginVienna 195
Thesymphonyandtheembattledsurvivalofthe‘GreatComposer’ 196
Tauber:a1920ssuperstar 198
Humanityeclipsed,ortheundoingof‘music’ 206
8·Bravenewworlds:experimentalismbetweenthewars 210
david nicholls
Prologue:BraveNewWorlds 210
Contents ix
Beforethecrash:‘endingisbetterthanmending’ 212
Afterthecrash:‘themorestitches,thelessriches’ 220
Epilogue:BraveNewWorldsrevisited 223
9·Proclaimingamainstream:Schoenberg,Berg,andWebern 228
joseph auner
Institutionsandperformances 231
TheideaoftheSecondVienneseSchool,tradition,andcontemporary
developments 236
Historicalnecessityandtwelve-tonecomposition 241
Twelve-tonecompositionanddefiningthemainstream 244
Serialstructureandmusicalcharacter 248
Themainstreamafter1933 255
10·Rewritingthepast:classicismsoftheinter-warperiod 260
hermann danuser
Classicismsoldandnew 260
Reclaimingnationaltraditionsandtheideaof‘-ana’works 270
Fromneoclassicismtomodernistclassicism 275
11·Musicofseriousnessandcommitment:the1930s
andbeyond 286
michael walter
Emotions,traditions,nationalisms 288
Reinventingtraditions 290
Musicbythepeople,musicforthepeople 296
Newsystems,newmedia 300
Theendofanepoch 303
12·Othermainstreams:lightmusicandeasylistening,1920–70 307
derek b. scott
Problemsanddefinitions 307
Lightclassicalmusic 309
Vaudevilleandvarietytheatre 312
Dancebands 314
TheTinPanAlleysongstylists 317
Operettaandmusicaltheatre 321
Chansonandcabaret 325
Popularitychartsandsongcontests 329
Thedispersalofthemiddleground 331
13·Newbeginnings:theinternationalavant-garde,1945–62 336
david osmond-smith
Theenginesoftheavant-garde 336
Ataleoftwocities:ParisandNewYork 342
Aestheticsandtechnique:Boulezvs.Cage 346
