Table Of ContentThe Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences
H ave you lost track of developments in generative linguistics, i nding yourself unsure about
the distinctive features of Minimalism? Would you like to know more about recent advances in
the genetics of language, or about right hemisphere linguistic operation? Has your interest in
narrative drawn you to question the relation between stories and grammars? h e Cambridge
Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences addresses these issues, along with hundreds of others.
It includes basic entries for those unfamiliar with a given topic and more specii c entries for
those seeking more specialized knowledge. It incorporates both well-established i ndings and
cutting-edge research as well as classical approaches and new theoretical innovations. h e vol-
ume is aimed at readers who have an interest in some aspect of language science but wish to
learn more about the broad range of ideas, i ndings, practices, and prospects that constitute
this rapidly expanding i eld, a i eld arguably at the center of current research on the human
mind and human society.
Patrick Colm Hogan is a professor in the Department of English and the Program in Cognitive
Science at the University of Connecticut. He is the author of ten books, including Cognitive
Science, Literature, and the Arts: A Guide for Humanists and h e Mind and Its Stories: Narrative
Universals and Human Emotion (Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Advance Praise for
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences
“For both range and depth of exposition and commentary on the diverse disciplinary angles
that exist on the nature of language, there is no single volume to match this i ne work of
reference.”
– Akeel Bilgrami, Columbia University
“h e Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences is a very welcome addition to the i eld
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discussions.”
– Seymour Chatman, University of California, Berkeley
“h is ambitious and comprehensive work, and the very high quality of the editors and con-
tributors, ensure that it will be a valuable contribution to the understanding of language and
its uses, for both professionals and a more general audience.”
– Noam Chomsky, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
THE CAMBRIDGE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
THE LANGUAGE SCIENCES
Edited by
PATRICK COLM HOGAN
University of Connecticut
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City
Cambridge University Press
32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521866897
© Cambridge University Press 2011
h is publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2011
Printed in the United States of America
A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data
h e Cambridge encyclopedia of the language sciences / edited by Patrick Colm Hogan.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-521-86689-7 (hardback)
1. Linguistics – Encyclopedias. I. Hogan, Patrick Colm. II. Title.
P 29. C 28 2009
410ʹ.3–dc22 2008041978
ISBN 978-0-521-86689-7 Hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URL s for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in
this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
GENERAL EDITOR
Patrick Colm Hogan
University of Connecticut, Storrs
ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD
Florian Coulmas Barbara Lust
German Institute of Japanese Studies Cornell University
and Duisberg-Essen University
William Croft Lee Osterhout
University of New Mexico University of Washington
Lyle Jenkins James Pustejovsky
Biolinguistics Institute Brandeis University
CONSULTING EDITORIAL BOARD
Mark Baker Howard Lasnik
R utgers University University of Maryland
Deborah Cameron Loraine Obler
University of Oxford City University of New York
Nigel Fabb William O’Grady
University of Strathclyde University of Hawaii
Carol Ann Fowler Susan Pintzuk
H askins Laboratories University of York
and University of Connecticut
Ronald Geluykens Eleanor Rosch
University of Oldenburg University of California, Berkeley
Margaret Harris Jay Rueckl
Oxford Brookes University University of Connecticut
Zoltán Kövecses Mark Turner
Eötvös Loránd University Case Western Reserve University
To the memory of B. N. Pandit (1916–2007) –
philosopher, Sanskritist, father-in-law
Puruṣa-artha-śūnyānāṃ guṇānāṃ pratiprasavaḥ kaivalyaṃ
sva-rūpa-pratiṣṭhā vā citi-śaktir-iti
– Patañjali
CONTENTS
List of Entries page xi
A Note on Cross-References and the A lphabetization of the Entries x v
Preface: On the Very Idea of Language Sciences xvii
Acknowledgments xxiii
1 Language Structure in Its Human Context: New Directions
for the Language Sciences in the Twenty-First Century 1
William Croft
2 The Psychology of Linguistic Form 12
Lee Osterhout, Richard A. Wright, and Mark D. Allen
3 The Structure of Meaning 2 3
James Pustejovsky
4 Social Practices of Speech and Writing 35
Florian Coulmas
5 Explaining Language: Neuroscience, Genetics, and Evolution 4 6
Lyle Jenkins
6 Acquisition of Language 5 6
Barbara Lust
7 Elaborating Speech and Writing: Verbal Art 65
Patrick Colm Hogan
ENTRIES 77
List of Contributors 941
Index 953
ix
