Table Of ContentThe Call for Innovative and Open Government
AN OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY INITIATIVES
This report presents an overview of country initiatives concerning effi cient, effective public services and
open and innovative government. It focuses on four core issues: delivery of public services in times of fi scal The Call for Innovative
consolidation; a more effective and performance-oriented public service; promotion of open and transparent
government; and strategies for implementation of a reform agenda. These issues were discussed at the OECD
Public Governance Ministerial Meeting held in Venice, Italy, in November 2010, hosted by the Italian Ministry for and Open Government
Public Administration and Innovation.
The book also includes detailed profi les of countries’ open and innovative government initiatives, covering
AN OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY INITIATIVES
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the
United Kingdom.
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ISBN 978-92-64-10704-5 -:HSTCQE=VU\UYZ:
42 2011 07 1 P
The Call for Innovative
and Open Government
AN OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY INITIATIVES
This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The
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Please cite this publication as:
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3
FOREWORD –
Foreword
How can governments deliver better services under fiscal pressures? How to build a
more effective and performance-oriented public service? How to promote an open and
transparent government? How to choose strategies for implementation, strengthening
strategic capacity, fostering horizontal coordination and increasing resource flexibility in
the public sector?
To discuss these and other core issues of public governance, Ministers and senior
officials from 37 countries and organisations met in Venice, Italy, on 15 November 2010.
The general theme of the meeting was “Towards recovery and partnership with citizens:
The call for innovative and open government". The meeting was hosted by the Italian
government, and chaired by Minister Renato Brunetta (Italy), with Mr. Stockwell Day
(Canada) and Mr. Terry Moran (Australia), as Vice Chairs. Minister Francis Maude
(United Kingdom) chaired a breakout session on open government, and Professor Mario
Monti Bocconi University, Italy) gave a keynote address on the challenges of
implementing public sector reform. For a full presentation of the conclusions of the
meeting see www.oecd.org/governance/Ministerial2010.
This publication presents an overview of initiatives in the field, in 31 countries. It
reflects country submissions prepared for the meeting and representing the situation in
their respective national settings as of the third quarter of 2010. The questionnaire used
for collecting the information is presented in Annex A for reference. The goal was to
highlight the main policy initiatives to support the discussion among ministers.
In addition to this publication, the OECD Reviews of Public Governance offer a fuller
analysis for selected countries. The flagship publication Government at a Glance presents
a comprehensive, comparative view of the workings, resources, processes and outputs of
governments across a wide range of countries. Other OECD thematic reports explore
issues like integrity and the prevention of corruption, budgeting, service delivery, human
resources and e-government in more detail.
THE CALL FOR INNOVATIVE AND OPEN GOVERNMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY INITIATIVES © OECD 2011
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– ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgements
The publication was co-ordinated by Stéphane Jacobzone, Counsellor, and by Andrea
Uhrhammer, Liaison Officer, under the supervision of Christian Vergez, Head, Reform
of the Public Sector, and the direction of Rolf Alter. The synopsis was prepared with the
assistance of Professor Geert Bouckaert of the Catholic University of Leuven. The
document was prepared by Justin Kavanagh, Lia Beyeler and Elsa Cruz de Cisneros, with
the help of Randy Holden and Jennifer Allain for editing.
THE CALL FOR INNOVATIVE AND OPEN GOVERNMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY INITIATIVES © OECD 2011
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TABLE OF CONTENTS –
Table of contents
Overview of countries’ open government initiatives ................................................................ 7
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 7
Towards a shared understanding of key challenges ................................................................... 7
Delivering better public services under fiscal pressure: how do countries respond to the
main challenges? ........................................................................................................................ 8
Four combined patterns emerge to realise these three objectives .............................................. 8
Countries are developing three strategies to facilitate reform implementation .......................... 9
Two conditions are necessary for successful partnerships and for reaching agreement on
the defined objectives ............................................................................................................... 10
Towards a more effective and performance-oriented public service ....................................... 10
Promoting an open and transparent government ...................................................................... 12
Why do governments establish these partnerships? ................................................................. 12
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 13
Vers une administration innovante et ouverte : un aperçu des initiatives des pays ............ 15
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 15
Vers une lecture commune des grands enjeux ......................................................................... 15
Améliorer les services publics rendus dans des conditions de pressions budgétaires :
comment les pays réagissent-ils aux grands enjeux ? .............................................................. 16
Quatre schémas combinés se dessinent pour réaliser ces trois objectifs .................................. 17
Les pays élaborent trois stratégies pour faciliter la mise en œuvre des réformes .................... 17
Deux conditions sont nécessaires à la réussite des partenariats et à la conclusion d’accords
sur des objectifs définis ............................................................................................................ 18
Vers un service public plus efficace et plus axé sur ses performances .................................... 19
Promouvoir l’ouverture et la transparence de l’administration publique ................................. 21
Les pouvoirs publics établissent ces partenariats afin de ......................................................... 22
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 23
Country profiles ......................................................................................................................... 25
Australia ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Austria......................................................................................................................................... 34
Belgium ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Brazil ........................................................................................................................................... 56
Canada ........................................................................................................................................ 61
Chile ............................................................................................................................................ 69
Denmark ..................................................................................................................................... 78
Estonia......................................................................................................................................... 85
THE CALL FOR INNOVATIVE AND OPEN GOVERNMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY INITIATIVES © OECD 2011
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– TABLE OF CONTENTS
Finland ........................................................................................................................................ 93
France ....................................................................................................................................... 102
Germany ................................................................................................................................... 110
Greece ....................................................................................................................................... 120
Iceland ....................................................................................................................................... 127
Ireland ....................................................................................................................................... 132
Israel .......................................................................................................................................... 141
Italy ........................................................................................................................................... 149
Japan ......................................................................................................................................... 154
Korea ......................................................................................................................................... 158
Luxembourg ............................................................................................................................. 165
Mexico ....................................................................................................................................... 167
Netherlands............................................................................................................................... 183
New Zealand ............................................................................................................................. 190
Norway ...................................................................................................................................... 198
Poland ....................................................................................................................................... 203
Portugal..................................................................................................................................... 214
Russian Federation .................................................................................................................. 231
Slovak Republic ........................................................................................................................ 239
Slovenia ..................................................................................................................................... 243
Spain .......................................................................................................................................... 255
Sweden ...................................................................................................................................... 258
Switzerland ............................................................................................................................... 262
Turkey ....................................................................................................................................... 271
Ukraine ..................................................................................................................................... 284
United Kingdom ....................................................................................................................... 297
Annex A Questionnaire ............................................................................................................ 309
THE CALL FOR INNOVATIVE AND OPEN GOVERNMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY INITIATIVES © OECD 2011
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OVERVIEW OF COUNTRIES’ OPEN GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES –
Overview of countries’ open government initiatives
Introduction
The purpose of this publication is to present an overview of recent reform initiatives
and policy packages across a broad set of OECD member and non-member countries. The
information is based on profiles provided by countries for the meeting of the OECD
Public Governance Committee at ministerial level held in Venice in November 2010. The
goal was to facilitate a high-level debate among ministers on the key challenges of public
sector reform, drawing out common issues as well as divergences, and analysing the
possible gaps in current policy packages.
Towards a shared understanding of key challenges
As countries are still coping with the far-reaching consequences of the global
economic crisis, the public sector is facing acute challenges, including increased demands
and the need to strengthen leadership, while also facing significant fiscal pressures. These
key challenges for the public sector today and for tomorrow are reflected in the key
themes of the ministerial meeting:
• Delivering better public services under fiscal pressure: how do countries respond
to the main challenges?
• How can countries move towards a more effective and performance-oriented
public service?
• How can countries promote an open and transparent government?
In this context, trust built on openness, integrity and transparency remains an
overarching goal for fostering an effective and performance-driven public sector,
delivering better public services more efficiently, and promoting open and transparent
government. This includes paying attention to:
• leadership (strategic capacity, innovation, co-ordination, partnerships to build
momentum for change);
• fostering efficiency through innovation in the public sector (internally: new
technologies, simpler, more transparent, preventing corruption, building human
capital; externally: expertise, networks, creativity of private and not-for-profit);
• openness, integrity and transparency (greater engagement, clear strategies and
policies strengthening trust and supporting reform, reaffirming core values);
• preparedness for future challenges (capacity to identify and assess challenges,
change strategic direction, allocate resources accordingly).
THE CALL FOR INNOVATIVE AND OPEN GOVERNMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY INITIATIVES © OECD 2011
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– OVERVIEW OF COUNTRIES’ OPEN GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
The country profiles presented in this volume contain a mix of intentions, with
reforms initiated or underway, as well as actions already taken. This presentation is thus
mainly descriptive as evaluations or assessments of the effectiveness of these reforms,
once implemented, would require further analysis, taking into account the context, the
impact and outcome of these reforms.
For that reason, it would be useful to look at the effects of reforms already carried
out. This is complicated since not all of the comparative data exists that could help make
(intended) changes more visible. Furthermore, neither the rationale for the decisions nor
their foreseen impacts are always available. As a result, future reviews and assessment of
these reforms, complemented by comparative data such as those provided through
Government at a Glance (OECD, 2009) will be necessary to offer a grounded debate on
these core challenges faced by the public sector in all participating countries.
Delivering better public services under fiscal pressure: how do countries respond to
the main challenges?
The crisis has had different consequences for different countries, whose
circumstances differ. Several countries have been directly affected, with necessary
restraint in the public service as a consequence (Austria, Canada, Denmark, Estonia,
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom …). Some have only been indirectly
affected through drops in investment or tourism. Others have suffered a milder impact,
where the need for fiscal prudence remains compatible with counter-cyclical policies
(Brazil, Chile …).
Still, many countries have established explicit priorities to stay focused on their fiscal
pressure objectives.
Three main objectives are in place:
• do more with less: next to classical answers (i.e. economic, efficient and
effective processes) there are also new answers using IT and innovative practices,
as well as partnering with citizens, the private and voluntary sectors;
• build and keep trust: communicating results helps to meet expectations;
• engage with the public and stakeholders to foster sustainable reform.
In many countries, the first objective receives the most attention.
Four combined patterns emerge to realise these three objectives
Develop consolidated and comprehensive programmes
Examples include. Australia: Ahead of the Game; Belgium (Flanders in Action:
Pact 2020, A Public Sector at Full Strength); Canada: Administrative Services Review;
France: “General Review of Public Policies” (Révision générale des politiques publiques,
RGPP); Finland: major restructuring of municipalities and regions; New Zealand: Better
Administrative and Support Services; Ireland: Transforming Public Services;
United Kingdom: Spending Review 2010 with a new performance management
framework. Several countries have included a special focus on cutting red tape which in
many cases is connected to an e-government agenda (e.g. Brazil, Canada, Japan, Korea,
the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Ukraine). New Zealand is
not embarking on wholesale change; rather it is stress testing the existing model.
THE CALL FOR INNOVATIVE AND OPEN GOVERNMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY INITIATIVES © OECD 2011
