Table Of ContentYan-Chun Li · Zhu L. Yang
The Boletes
of China:
Tylopilus s.l.
The Boletes of China: Tylopilus s.l.
(cid:129)
Yan-Chun Li Zhu L. Yang
The Boletes of China:
Tylopilus s.l.
Yan-ChunLi ZhuL.Yang
CASKeyLaboratoryforPlantDiversity CASKeyLaboratoryforPlantDiversity
andBiogeographyofEastAsia,Yunnan andBiogeographyofEastAsia,Yunnan
KeyLaboratoryforFungalDiversity KeyLaboratoryforFungalDiversity
andGreenDevelopment andGreenDevelopment
KunmingInstituteofBotany,CAS KunmingInstituteofBotany,CAS
Kunming,Yunnan,China Kunming,Yunnan,China
ISBN978-981-16-2985-3 ISBN978-981-16-2986-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2986-0
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Brief Introduction to the Contents
China is a diversity hotspot for fungi of the Boletaceae family (boletes). Many
boleteshavebeentraditionallytreatedasmembersofthegenusTylopilusbasedon
the color of the hymenophores or the spore prints. The aims of this book are to
delimitandrecognizethediversitybothofthegeneraandspeciesofTylopiluss.l.in
China. Our morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic studies reveal that the
traditionally defined Tylopilus species cluster in 19 genera in Boletaceae including
twonewgenera,viz.AbtylopilusYanC.Li&ZhuL.YangandAnthracoporusYan
C. Li & Zhu L. Yang and 17 known genera, viz. Austroboletus (Corner) Wolfe,
Chiua Yan C. Li & Zhu L. Yang, Fistulinella Henn., Harrya Halling, Nuhn &
Osmundson, Hymenoboletus Yan C. Li & Zhu L. Yang, Indoporus A. Parihar,
K.Das,Hembrom&Vizzini,LeccinellumBresinsky&Manfr.Binder,Mucilopilus
Wolfe,PorphyrellusE.-J.Gilbert,PseudoaustroboletusYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang,
Retiboletus Manfr. Binder & Bresinsky, Royoungia Castellano, Trappe &
Malajczuk, Sutorius Halling, Nuhn & N.A. Fechner, Tylocinum Yan C. Li & Zhu
L. Yang, Tylopilus P. Karst., Veloporphyrellus L.D. Gómez & Singer, and Zangia
Yan C. Li & Zhu L. Yang. A total of 19 genera and 105 taxa including two new
genera,34newspecies,andfournewcombinationsaredocumentedandillustrated
inthepresentmonographicwork.
v
Preface
Theboletes,inparticularthefleshy-poredboletes,areaconspicuouselementofthe
summerandfallmushroomfloraofChina.Manyareveryattractivebecauseoftheir
bright colors or curious ornamentation in the form of scales on the pileus or
reticulum or other ornamentation on thestipe. In addition, many speciesstain blue
immediately when the surface of the tubes or the context isinjured, and this never
fails to excite the interest of the collectors. Although boletes are found in forested
areas throughout the world, nowhere is species-richer than China, which also has
many endemic species. Over 300 species in the family Boletaceae have been
reportedfromthiscountryoverthepastfewdecades.
Alarge numberoftheChinese speciesofboletes havewhite, pinkish, purplish-
pink, reddish, reddish brown, or brownish hymenophores or spore prints. Most of
thesespeciesweretraditionallyplacedinthegenusTylopilus.Thesespeciesarenot
onlyofgreatecologicalandeconomicvaluesbutarealsoofscientificinterest.They
areverydiverseinmorphology,complexinstructure,andoccupydiverseecological
niches. Our present and previous molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that
Tylopilus is polyphyletic and many new genera belonging to divergent clades are
based on species formerly placed in this genus. Although the color of the
hymenophores, or more exactly, the color of the spore prints, traditionally distin-
guished the major groups of boletes, it is not enough in the modern taxonomy of
boletes.Acombinationofseveralmorphologicalcharacteristics,includingthecolor
ofsporeprint,thestructureofpileipellis,themorphologyofstipe,theornamentation
ofbasidiospore,thediscolorationofthecontext,andthehostplants,hasbeenfound
tobeaminimumforthetaxonomyofboletes.
TheobjectiveofthisbookistoprovideamonographtothoseboletesfromChina
thathavepallidtopinkish,purplishpink,orredtoreddishbrownhymenophoresand
spore prints, i.e. Tylopilus s.l. In total, 105 species, including 34 new species, are
documentedheretogetherwithdescriptionsofmacro-andmicroscopiccharacteris-
tics andcolor photos.Forthespeciesnew toscienceor new record for China, line
drawings of the microscopic characteristics are also provided. Information on the
habitatsanddistributionsofeachspecies,aswellaskeystothegeneraandspecies
vii
viii Preface
are provided. In addition, the distribution and differences from similar species are
provided,andvoucherspecimensarelisted.
ItisimpossibletofeatureeachTylopiluss.l.speciesinaregionasvastanddiverse
as China in a limited time span. There are likely to be many species that have not
beenscientificallydescribedorremaintobediscovered.Wethereforeofferthisbook
asafirststepintheidentificationofthecurrentlyknownTylopiluss.l.species.
Kunming,China Yan-ChunLi
ZhuL.Yang
Acknowledgments
Theauthorsstudiedandcitedmanyspecimensthatwerecollectedindifferentparts
ofChinaanddepositedindifferentherbariabyvariousmycologistsduringlong-term
field investigations. Without these collections, it would have been impossible to
completethisbook.
The authors acknowledge the following individuals who have helped them in
various ways with this work. For sharing preserved specimens, mycological notes,
andphotographs,we aregratefultoProf. Tolgor Bau,Jilin Agriculture University;
Profs. Zuo-Hong Chen and Ping Zhang, Hunan Normal University; Prof. Pei-Gui
Liu, the late Prof. Mu Zang, Drs. Qing Cai, Bang Feng, Zai-Wei Ge, Ting Guo,
Li-HongHan,Yan-JiaHao,JiaoQin,Xiao-FeiShi,GangWu,KuanZhao,QiZhao,
Pan-Meng Wang, Xiang-Hua Wang, and Fu-Qiang Yu, Messrs Cong Huang,
Liu-Kun Jia, Chen Yan, Xin Xu and Jian-Wei Liu, and Misses Mei-Xiang Li
and Xin Meng, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Prof. Fang Li, Sun Yat-sen University; Profs. Tai-Hui Li and Wang-Qiu Deng,
Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Prof.
Jun-Feng Liang, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of
Forestry; Dr. Chun-Ying Deng, Guizhou Academy of Sciences; Prof. Li-Ping
Tang, Kunming Medical University; Prof. Tie-Zheng Wei, Institute of Microbiol-
ogy,ChineseAcademyofSciences;Prof.Nian-KaiZeng,HainanMedicalUniver-
sity; Prof. Xiu-Guo Zhang, Shandong Agricultural University; and Prof. Xue-Tai
Zhu, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University. We thank Dr. Jane
MarczewskiforpolishingtheEnglishofthemanuscript.
This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31000000), the International Partnership Pro-
gram of Chinese Academy of Sciences (151853KYSB20170026), the Funds for
InternationalCooperationandExchangeoftheNationalNaturalScienceFoundation
of China (31210103919), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.
31370001,31750001,31872618,and32070024),theNaturalScienceFoundationof
YunnanProvince(2018FB027),theYouthInnovationPromotionAssociation,CAS
(2016348 and 2017436), the Ten Thousand Talents Program of Yunnan (YNWR-
ix
x Acknowledgments
QNBJ-2018-125), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS
(QYZDY-SSW-SMC029). The publication of this book was supported by the
National Foundation in Academic Publishing of Science and Technology
(NFAPST).
Inevitably, some shortcomings or even mistakes will have found their way into
this book. Any comments from the reader for theimprovementand revision ofthe
bookwouldbehighlyappreciated.
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
EcologicalandEconomicValuesofBoletes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
HistoricalResearchintheBoletaceae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
HistoricalClassificationinTylopiluss.l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 MaterialsandMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 MorphologyandStructuresinTylopiluss.l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4 PhylogeneticResultsandSystematicTreatmentsof
Tylopiluss.l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5 TaxonomicPart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6 AbtylopilusYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
AbtylopilusYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
AbtylopilusalborubellusYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
AbtylopilusscabrosusYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7 AnthracoporusYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
AnthracoporusYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
AnthracoporuscystidiatusYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Anthracoporusholophaeus(Corner)YanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . 53
Anthracoporusnigropurpureus(Hongo)YanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . 57
8 Austroboletus(Corner)Wolfe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Austroboletus(Corner)Wolfe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
AustroboletusalbidusYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
AustroboletusalbovirescensYanC.Li&ZhuL.Yang. . . . . . . . . . . 66
Austroboletusdictyotus(Boedijn)Wolfe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Austroboletusfusisporus(Imazeki&Hongo)Wolfe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
xi
