The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and their Allies

561 Pages·2001·11.27 MB·English

by  L. H. Field

The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies

The Biology of Wetas,
King Crickets and Their Allies
Edited by
L.H. Field
Department of Zoology
University of Canterbury
New Zealand
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Contents
Contributors ix
Foreword xi
David C.F. Rentz
Preface xiii
Introduction xv
Laurence H. Field
I Systematics and Biogeography
1 The Higher Classification, Phylogeny and Evolution ofthe Superfamily
Stenopelmatoidea 3
Andrej V. Gorochov
2 Habitats and Biogeography ofNew Zealand’s Deinacridine and
Tusked Weta Species 35
George W. Gibbs
3 North and Central America Jerusalem Crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae):
Taxonomy, Distribution, Life Cycle, Ecology and Related Biology ofthe American
Species 57
David B. Weissman
4 South African King Crickets (Anostostomatidae) 73
Rob B. Toms
5 Australian King Crickets: Distribution, Habitats and Biology (Orthoptera:
Anostostomatidae) 79
Geoffrey B. Monteith and Laurence H. Field
v
vi Contents
6 The Gryllacrididae: An Overview ofthe World Fauna with Emphasis on Australian
Examples 95
Roderick J. Hale and David C.F. Rentz
7 The Evolutionary History ofTree Weta: A Genetic Approach 111
Mary Morgan-Richards, Tania King and Steve Trewick
II Morphology and Anatomy
8 Morphology and Anatomy ofNew Zealand Wetas 127
Barry O’Brien and Laurence H. Field
9 Morphometric Analysis ofHemideinaspp. in New Zealand 163
Laurence H. Field and Robert S. Bigelow
10 Sexual Selection and Secondary Sexual Characters ofWetas and King Crickets 179
Laurence H. Field and Neil A. Deans
11 Anatomy, Development and Behaviour ofthe Chilean Red Cricket, Cratomelus
armatusBl. 205
Andrés O. Angulo
III Ecology
12 The Ecology ofSome Large Weta Species in New Zealand 225
Mary McIntyre
13 The Gallery-related Ecology ofNew Zealand Tree Wetas, Hemideina femorataand
Hemideina crassidens(Orthoptera, Anostostomatidae) 243
Laurence H. Field and Graham R. Sandlant
14 Parasites ofAnostostomatid Insects 259
David A. Wharton, Robert Poulin and Claudine L. Tyrrell
IV Behaviour
15 Stridulatory Mechanisms and Associated Behaviour in New Zealand Wetas 271
Laurence H. Field
16 Defence Behaviour 297
Laurence H. Field and Stephen Glasgow
17 Mating Behaviour 317
Laurence H. Field and Thomas H. Jarman
18 Aggression Behaviour in New Zealand Tree Wetas 333
Laurence H. Field
Contents vii
19 Communication and Reproductive Behaviour in North American Jerusalem
Crickets (Stenopelmatus) (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae) 351
David B. Weissman
Appendix 19.A: Effect ofTemperature on Drumming Rates ofJerusalem
Crickets (Stenopelmatus: Stenopelmatidae: Orthoptera) 374
Thomas J. WalkerandDavid B. Weissman
V Reproduction and Development
20 The Reproductive Biology and the Eggs ofNew Zealand Anostostomatidae 379
Ian A.N. Stringer
21 Postembryonic Development and Related Changes 399
Ian A.N. Stringer and Paul R.L. Cary
VI Physiology
22 Sensory Physiology 429
Laurence H. Field
23 Neuromuscular Physiology and Motor Control 459
Laurence H. Field
24 Circadian Rhythms in Tree Wetas, Hemideina thoracica 491
Robert D. Lewis and Anna York
25 Haemolymph Physiology 509
Doug Neufeld and John Leader
VII Conservation ofEndangered Species
26 Conservation ofThreatened Species ofWeta (Orthoptera: Anastostomatidae)
in New Zealand 521
Greg Sherley
Index 529

Contributors
Andrés O. Angulo, Departamento de Zoologia, Facultad Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas,
Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4040, Correo 3, Concepción, Chile. email: [email protected]
Robert S. Bigelow (deceased),Formerly of: Department ofZoology, University ofCanterbury, Private
Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
Paul R.L. Cary, Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, PO Box 11222,
Palmerston North, New Zealand
Neil A. Deans, Fish and Game Council, Nelson, New Zealand. email: [email protected]
Laurence H. Field, Department ofZoology, University ofCanterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch,
New Zealand. email: [email protected]
George W. Gibbs, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Box 600, Wellington, New
Zealand. email: [email protected]
Stephen Glasgow, Department ofZoology, University ofCanterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch,
New Zealand. email: [email protected]
Andrej V. Gorochov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St
Petersburg 199034, Russia. email: [email protected]
Roderick J. Hale, Department of Zoology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western
Australia 6907, Australia. email: [email protected]
Thomas H. Jarman, Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800,
Christchurch, New Zealand. email: [email protected]
Tania King, Zoology Department, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. Present
address: School ofBiology, University ofLeeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
John Leader, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin 913, New Zealand. email:
[email protected]
Robert D. Lewis, School ofBiological Sciences, University ofAuckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland,
New Zealand. email: [email protected]
Mary McIntyre, School of Biological Sciences and Island Biology Research Programme, Victoria
University, Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand. email: [email protected]
Geoffrey B. Monteith, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia. email:
[email protected]
Mary Morgan-Richards, Zoology Department, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New
Zealand. email: [email protected]
Doug Neufeld, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin 913, New Zealand. email:
[email protected]
ix