the athenian agora

263 Pages·2008·41.34 MB·English

THE ATHENIANA GORA
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS
CONDUCTED BY
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
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- INSCRIPTIONS
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l i LEASES OF PUBLIC LANDS
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THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
1991
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve, and extend access to
The Athenian Agora ®
www.jstor.org
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Lalonde, Gerald V., 1938-
n al Inscriptions: horoi, poletai records,l eases of public lands / by
a n Gerald V. Lalonde, Merle K. Langdon, and Michael B. Walbank
c o p. cm. (The Athenian Agora ; v. 19)
ri s Includes bibliographicalr eferencesa nd index.
e er ISBN 0-87661-219-2 (acid-free paper)
m p 1. Inscriptions, Greek-Greece-Athens. 2. Agora (Athens, Greece).
A 3. Athens (Greece)-Antiquities. I. Langdon, Merle K., 1945- . II. Walbank,
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o Michael B., 1933- . III. Title. IV. Series.
© F DF287.A23A5 vol. 19
[CN384]
938'.5 s-dc20
[938'.5] 90-49463
CIP
TYPOGRAPHYB Y THE AMERICANS CHOOLO F CLASSICALS TUDIESP UBLICATIONSO FFICE
C/O INSTITUTEF OR ADVANCEDS TUDY, PRINCETON,N EW JERSEY
PLATESB Y THE STINEHOURP RESS, LUNENBURG,V ERMONT
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATESO F AMERICA
BY THE TOWN HOUSE PRESS, PITTSBORO,N ORTH CAROLINA
FOREWORD

s The present volume, No. XIX in the series on the Athenian Agora, is the third devotedt o inscriptionso n
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e .stone. The first epigraphic volume, No. XV, The Athenian Councillors( 1975) by the late Benjamin D.
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h NMeritt and John S. Traill, contains all known epigraphic texts recordingt he activities of the Councillors.
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A -No. XVII, The Funerary Monuments, by the late Donald W. Bradeen (1974), deals with all gravestones
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t found in the excavations.
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The present volume is triple in both substancea nd authorshipb ut homogeneousi n that all its parts are
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e Yalike in presenting documentso f civic importance.I n Part I Gerald V. Lalonde publishes all the boundary
di Bmarkers (horoi) found in the excavations.O nly a small proportiono f the stones had stood originally in the
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u Cancient Agora;t he majority,a s in the case of the tombstones,h ad been broughti nto the area in late times for
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S Cre-use.
al e: Part II, by Merle K. Langdon, comprises all known epigraphic records of the transactions of the
c sVendors (poletai), a board of civic officialsr esponsiblef or the sale or lease of public and confiscatedp roper-
si nty, the lease of mines and taxes, and the letting of contractsf or public works. The majorityo f the stones have
s ebeen found in the excavationo f the Agora where all the recordsw ere originally displayed.
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l i In Part III Michael B. Walbank deals with the terms and proceduref or the leasing of public and sacred
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property.T he responsibleo fficialsm ight be those appointedb y the state, i.e. the Vendors,o r representatives
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of yof lesser political bodies such as demes, or spokesmenf or sacred establishmentss uch as sanctuaries.B y no
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l nmeans all the recordso f such transactionsn eed have been set up in the Agora, but the present study is con-
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o fined to those inscriptionst hat surely had stood in the Agora and that are now to be found eitihthere irn the Agora
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h sMuseum or in the EpigraphicalM useum in Athens.
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S u In keeping with the policy,a nnounced in The Athenian Agora XV, p. v, the authors of the present

n alvolume have confinedt heir editions to texts based on fresh autopsy with epigraphicn otes and bibliography
a nbut without translationo r detailed commentary.I n each part of the volume, however, the catalogueo f texts
c ois precededb y a discussion of the theme based on all the available evidence both epigraphic and literary.
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er rAgain in line with established practice in this epigraphic series, illustration is generally confinedt o those
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m pstones for which photographsa re not available elsewhere, almost always in Hesperia.
A r The individual authors have made their personal acknowledgmentst o helpful colleagues and bene-
© Fofact or s in turn deservet he gratitude of the PublicationsP rogramo f the Agora Excavations
for the years of back-breakinga nd eye-trying labor devoted to the study of these precious but sadly frag-
mented public recordso f ancient Athens. Equally deservinga re the Editor and her staff who have made the
results of all that researchs o readily accessiblet o the reader.
The manuscriptsf or two more epigraphicv olumes are now nearing completion:V ol. XVI, The Decrees
by Geoffrey Woodhead and Vol. XVIII, The Dedicationsa nd Imperial Lettersb y Daniel J. Geagan.
HOMER A. THOMPSON
Field Director (emeritus),A gora Excavations
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREW ORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

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ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................... xi
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e D.I. HORObI y Gerald V. Lalonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
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N PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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- H OROI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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at N NATURE AND PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
s - CHRONOLOGICAL RANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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e PHYSICALC HARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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d LOCATION AND ORIENTATION . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. ... . . .. . 7
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u C HOROI OF SANCTUARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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HOROI OF CIVIL ESTABLISHMENTS ......................... 10

al e: H OROI OF ROADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
c s TRITTYS M ARKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
si n HOROI OF GRAVE SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
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a c SECURITY HOROI. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
Cl Li CATALOGUE( H1-H131)
. 1. HOROI OF SANCTUARIES (H1-H24) ....................... 22
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o l 2. HOROI OF CIVIL ESTABLISHMENTS (H25-H31) ................... 27
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ol o 3. HOROI OF ROADS (H32-H35) . ......................... 29
o e 4. TRITTYS MARKERS (H36-H42) . ........................ 29
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c s 5. HOROI OF UNCERTAIN TYPE (H43-H52) ..................... 31
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S 6. HOROI OF GRAVE SITES (H53-H72) ....................... 33
n al 7. SECURITY HOROI (H73-H130) ......................... 37
a n MIzOnzIZ OIKOY (H73-H77) ........................ 38
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i s AHOTIMHMA HPOIKOZ (H78-H83) ...................... 39
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e er HPAIU EHI AYIEI (H84-H113) ........................ 40
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p YHOKEIMENHE HI AYEEI (HI14) . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 47
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r ANTICHRESIS( H 115) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
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© F UNCERTAINT YPE (H116-H130) ....................... 48
8. ADDENDUM(H 131). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
II. POLETARI ECORDbSy Merle K. Langdon ....................... 53
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
POLETAIR ECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
CONFISCATEDP ROPERTY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
M ININGL EASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
CONTRACTSA ND TAXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
THE POLETERION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
HISTORY OF THE POLETAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
CATALOGU(EP 1-P56) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
APPENDIX(P A1-PA8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS
III. LEASESO F PUBLIC LANDS by Michael B. Walbank ................... 145
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
LEASESO FP UBLICL ANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
THE LEASING OF PUBLIC LANDS IN ATTICA AND IN TERRITORIES CONTROLLED BY ATHENS. . . 149
THE EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
ORIGINS OF PUBLICLY OWNED LANDS ........................151
CATEGORIES OF OWNERSHIP OF PUBLIC LANDS .................... 152
TYPES OF RECORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
HISTORY OF THE LEASING OF PUBLIC LANDS IN ATTICA AND IN TERRITORIES CONTROLLED

s BY A THENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
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e . TERMS OF LEASES: DATES OF INCEPTION AND PAYMENT ................ 162
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h CONDITIONSO F THE LEASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
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At R ENEW ALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
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C RESTRICTIONS ON LEASING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
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a N ASSESSMENT OF THE RENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

s Y- THE PROCESS OF LEASING AND THE REGISTRATION OF LEASES OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTIES. . 166
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i B HOROI OR OTHER EVIDENCE OF TITLE TO LEASEHOLD PROPERTIES ............ 167
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u C- LEASING OF PUBLIC LANDS DURING THE ROMAN ERA ................. 168
St C CATALOGUE (L1-L15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
APPENDIX(L A1-LA8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
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c sCONCORDANC.E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
si nINDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
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PLAN AND PLATES
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLAN
ACTUAL-STATEP LAN OF THE EXCAVATIONSO F THE ATHENIAN AGORA

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e D. 1. HOROIH: I, H2, H5, H8, H21-H23
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t N 2. HOROIH: 25, H26, H28, H30, H31 A and B
A - 3. HOROIH: 32, H34, H35
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t 4. HOROIH: 39, H40, H48, H49 A and B, H50-H52
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5. HOROIH: 54-H56, H63, H65, H66
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e Y 6. HoRoI:H 69, H71, H72, H77, H82, H92
i B 7. HOROIH: 112, H114, H115, H119, H120, H130
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u C- 8. POLETAI RECORDS:P 5
t 9. POLETARIE CORDPS1: 8
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10. POLETARIE CORDPS2: 7 b

al e: 11. POLETARIE CORDPS4: 3 a A and B, P43 b B, P46
c s 12. POLETARIE CORDPS5: 1, PA4, PA5
si n 13. POLETARIE CORDPSA: 6, PA7
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a c 14. LEASEOS FP UBLICLA NDSL: 5, L15, LA2
Cl Li 15. LEASESO F PUBLICL ANDS:L A3-LA5
16. LEASEOS FP UBLICLA NDSL: A6-LA8
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ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
AA = ArchdologischerA nzeiger
Agora= The Athenian Agora,R esults of ExcavationsC onductedb y the AmericanS choolo f ClassicalS tudiesa t Athens,

s Princeton
n
e . III = R. E. Wycherley, Literarya nd Epigraphical Testimonia,1 957
D
h VIII = E. T. H. Brann, Late Geometrica nd ProtoatticP ottery,M id 8th to Late 7th CenturyB .C., 1962
N
At XIV = H. A. Thompson and R. E. Wycherley, The Agora of Athens, 1972
-
C XVI = A. G. Woodhead,I nscriptions. The Decrees, in preparation
t
a NAgora Guide3= H. A. Thompson, The AthenianA gora,A Guide to the Excavationa nd Museum, 3rd ed., Athens 1976
s -AJA = AmericanJ ournal of Archaeology
Y
e AM = Mitteilungen des deutschena rchdologischenI nstituts, AthenischeA bteilung
i B
d ANSMN = AmericanN umismatic SocietyM useum Notes
-
u CAth. Pol. = The AristotelianA thenaionP oliteia
t
S CAttischeP achturkunden= D. Behrend, AttischeP achturkunden( Vestigia XII), Munich 1970
cal se: ABAZ B=e Ascrhc =h dBoulollgeitsicnh aeZn etiietukne bg eschaving
si nBCH = Bulletin de correspondanceh ellenique
s eBrann. See Agora VIII.
a cBSA = The Annual of the British Schoola t Athens
l i
C LCIG = CorpusI nscriptionumG raecarumI , Berlin 1828, edited by August Boeckh

f y.ClMed = Classicae t mediaevalia.R evue danoised e philologie et d'histoire
o
nlCSCA= CaliforniaS tudies in ClassicalA ntiquity
ol oCurtius, Stadtgeschichte= E. Curtius, Die Stadtgeschichtev on Athen, Berlin 1891
o e Davies, Athenian PropertiedF amilies = J. K. Davies, Athenian PropertiedF amilies 600-300 B.C., Oxford 1971
h
c sAEAT=r 'ApXaLoAoyLKAoEv AXrLov
S uDittenberger,S yll.3 = W. Dittenberger,S ylloge InscriptionumG raecarum,3 rd ed., Leipzig 1915-1924

n alEliot, CoastalD emes = C. W. J. Eliot, CoastalD emes of Attika,A Studyo f the Policy of Kleisthenes( Phoenix, Supple-
a n ment V), Toronto 1962
c o'Eb 'Apx = ' E4f7 puep'L'A PXaLoAoytLxK
eri rs"Epyov= To "Epyovr qjs 'ApxaLoAoyLK'Ti EraLpdas
e
m FGH= F. Jacoby, Die Fragmented er griechischenH istoriker,B erlin 1923-1930; Leiden 1940-1958
p
A Fine = J. V. A. Fine, Horoi. Studies in Mortgage, Real Security, and Land Tenure in Ancient Athens (Hesperia,
r
o Suppl. IX), Princeton 1951
© FFinley = M. I. Finley, Studies in Land and Credit in Ancient Athens, 500-200 B.C. The Horos-Inscriptions,N ew
Brunswick, New Jersey 1951
GaR = Greecea nd Rome
GRBS = Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
Glotz, La solidarite= G. Glotz, La solidarited e lafamille dans le droit criminel en Grece, Paris 1904
Guarducci= M. Guarducci,E pigrafia greca, II and III, Rome 1969 and 1974
xii ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hansen, Apagoge= M. H. Hansen, Apagoge, Endeixis and Ephegesis against Kakourgoi,A timoi and Pheugontes
(Odense University Classical Studies 8), Odense 1976
Harrison, The Law of Athens:P rocedure= A. R. W. Harrison, The Law of Athens:P rocedure,O xford 1971
Hesperia, Journal of the AmericanS chool of Classical Studies at Athens
Suppl. II = R. S. Young, Late GeometricG ravesa nd a SeventhC enturyW ell in the Agora,w ith an Appendixo n the
Skeletal Remains by J. Lawrence Angel, Athens 1939
Suppl. IV = H. A. Thompson, The Tholoso f Athens and Its Predecessors,B altimore 1940
Suppl. VIII = CommemorativeS tudiesi n Honor of TheodoreL eslie Shear, Princeton 1949
Suppl. IX. See Fine.
Suppl. XIV = J. S. Traill, The Political Organizationo f Attica: A Study of the Demes, Trittyes, and Phylai, and
s Their Representationi n the Athenian Council, Princeton 1975
n Suppl. XV = S. V. Tracy, The Letteringo f an Athenian Mason, Princeton 1975
e .
h D Suppl. XIX = Studies in Attic Epigraphy, History and TopographyP resented to Eugene Vanderpool,P rinceton
t N 1982
A
C-R. J. Hopper, "The Attic Silver Mines in the Fourth Century B.C.," BSA 48, 1953, pp. 200-254
at N , "The Laurion Mines: A Reconsideration,"B SA 63, 1968, pp. 293-326
s - , Trade and Industryi n ClassicalG reece,L ondon 1979
e YIG I = InscriptionesG raecae,I , InscriptionesA tticaeE uclidis anno vetustiores,B erlin 1873, edited by A. Kirchhoff
di BIG II = InscriptionesG raecae,I I, InscriptionesA tticaea etatisq uae est inter Euclidis annum et Augustit empora,P arts
-
u C 1-5, Berlin 1877-1895, edited by U. Koehler with indexes by J. Kirchner
St CIG VII = InscriptionesG raecae,V II, InscriptionesM egaridis et Boeotiae,B erlin 1892, edited by W. Dittenberger
IG XII 7 = InscriptionesG raecae,X II, Part 7, InscriptionesA morgi et insularumv icinarum, Berlin 1908, edited by
al e: J. Delamarre
sic nsIG XII 8 = Inscriptiones Graecae, XII, Part 8, Inscriptiones insularum maris Thracici, Berlin 1909, edited by
s e K. Fredrich
a cIG XIV = InscriptionesG raecae,X IV, InscriptionesS iciliae et Italiae, additis GraecisG alliae, Hispaniae, Britanniae,
l i
C L Germaniaei nscriptionibus,B erlin 1890, edited by G. Kaibel and A. Lebegue
f y. IG I2 = InscriptionesG raecae, I, editio minor: InscriptionesA tticae Euclidis anno anteriores,B erlin 1924, edited by
o l F. Hiller von Gaertringen
n
ol oIG IF2= InscriptionesG raecae,I I-III, editio minor:I nscriptionesA tticaeE uclidisa nno posteriores,B erlin 1913-1940,
o edited by J. Kirchner
e
h sIG IV2 1 = InscriptionesG raecae,I V, editiom inor, Part 1: InscriptionesE pidauri, Berlin 1929, edited by F. Hiller von
c
S u Gaertringen
n al IG IX2 1 = InscriptionesG raecae,I X, editio minor, Part 1: InscriptionesA etoliae,B erlin 1932, edited by G. Klaffen-
a n bach
c oIG I3 = Inscriptiones Graecae, I, editio tertia: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno anteriores, Fasc. I, Berlin 1981,
ri s edited by D. M. Lewis
me erJdl = Jahrbuchd es deutschena rchiologischenI nstituts
p
JHS = Journal of Hellenic Studies
A
orJudeich, Topographie2= W. Judeich, Topographiev on Athen, 2nd ed., Munich 1931
© FLauter = H. Lauter, "Zwei Horos-Inschriftenb ei Vari," AA (JdI 97) 1982, pp. 299-315
LSJ = H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, and H. S. Jones, A Greek-EnglishL exicon, 9th ed., Oxford 1940
Kent = J. H. Kent, "The Temple Estates of Delos, Rheneia, and Mykonos,"H esperia 17, 1948, pp. 243-338
Kerameikos= Kerameikos,E rgebnissed er Ausgrabungen
I = W. Kraikera nd K. Kubler, Die Nekropolend es 12. bis 10. Jahrhunderts,B erlin 1939
III = W. Peek, Inschriften,O straka,F luchtafeln,B erlin 1941
Meiggs and Lewis = R. Meiggs and D. M. Lewis, A Selectiono f GreekH istorical Inscriptionst o the End of the Fifth
CenturyB .C., Oxford 1969
Melanges Glotz II = Melanges GustaveG lotz II, Paris 1932
Miller, "Horoi"= Stephen G. Miller, "MortgageH oroi from the Athenian Agora,"H esperia 41, 1972, pp. 274-281
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY xiii
Osborne, "Social and Economic Implications"= R. Osborne, "Social and Economic Implications of the Leasing of
Land and Property in Classical and Hellenistic Greece,"C hiron 18, 1988, pp. 279-323
IlpaKrKda= HIpaKrTKtjas v 'A 7vaLs 'ApxaLoAoyLKjvsE ratpdeas
Raubitschek,D edications= Dedicationsf rom the AthenianA kropolis,e dited by A. E. Raubitschek,C ambridge,M ass.
1949
RE = Paulys Realencyclopaedied er classischen AltertumswissenschaftN, eue Bearbeitung, revised by G. Wissowa,
Stuttgart 1894-1972
Rhodes, Commentary= P. J. Rhodes, A Commentaryo n the AristotelianA thenaion Politeia, Oxford 1981
SEG = SupplementumE pigraphicum Graecum
Siewert, P., Die Trittyen Attikasu nd die Heeresreformd es Kleisthenes( Vestigia XXXIII), Munich 1982

s SitzAkadBerlin= Sitzungsberichted er preussischenA kademied er Wissenschaftenp, hilosophisch-historischKe lasse
n
e .SymbOsl= SymbolaeO sloenses
D
h Thompson. See Agora XIV; Agora Guide3;a nd Hesperia, Suppl. IV.
N
t Threatte, L., The Grammaro f Attic InscriptionsI , Berlin 1980
A
C-Traill, Demos and Trittys= J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys:E pigraphicala nd TopographicalS tudies in the Organi-
t
a N zation of Attica, Toronto 1986
s - See also Hesperia, Suppl. XIV.
Y
e Travlos, PDA = J. Travlos, Pictorial Dictionaryo f Ancient Athens, London 1971
i B
d Wilamowitz-Moellendorff,U . von, Aristotelesu nd Athen I-II, Berlin 1893
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u CWilhelm, "AttischeP achturkunden"= A. Wilhelm, "AttischeP achturkunden,"A rchivfir Papyrusforschung1 1,1935,
t
S C pp. 189-217
al e: Wilhelm, Beitrage = A. Wilhelm, Beitrdge zur griechischen Inschriftenkunde( Sonderschriftend es osterreichischen
archdologischenI nstitutesi n Wien VII), Vienna 1909
c s
si nWycherley, R. E., How the GreeksB uilt Cities, 2nd ed., London 1962
s e See also Agora III.
a cYoung. See Hesperia, Suppl. II.
l i
C LZPE = Zeitschriftf iir Papyrologieu nd Epigraphik

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