The Armored Scale Insects of California

222 Pages·2003·17.42 MB·English

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BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY
VOLUME 5
THE ARMORED SCALE INSECTS
OF CALIFORNIA
BY
HOWARD L. McKENZIE
(State of California Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES
1956
BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY
Editors: E. G. LINSLEYS., B. FREEBORRN., L. USINGER
Volume 5, pp. 1-210, plates 1-3, 183 figures in text
Submitted by Editors April 4, 1955
Issued, August go, 1956
Price, Cloth, $6.00; Paper, $4.50
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles
California
Cambridge University Press
London, England
COPYRIGHT, 1956
BY ?ITIF. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Printed by Offset in the United States of America
LIST OF COLORED PHOTOGRAPHS
Many of the specimens used to produce the accompany- PLATE 2
ing colored photographs were collected by various indi-
Aonidomytilits ccanothi Ferris, Larson Valley, El Dorado Co., De-
viduals at my request. For those who participated in cember 27. 1954, on Ceaiiothus iiitegerrititus (L. Mobley).
this project acknowledgments are here made. Aulacaspis rosae (BouchC), Sacramento, May 28, 19.54, on XU~US
With the exception of the colored photograph of sp. (mammoth blackberry) (H. H. KeiCer).
Hall scale, Nilotuspis hulli (Green) which has been en- Crrrulaspis visci (Schrank), Sacramento, May 26, 19.54, ott Juni-
larged three diameters (xs), the remainder have been perus sp. (juniper) (H. L. McKenzie).
photographed actual size on the infested plant part. Dinspis broineliae (Kerner), San Diego, February 23. 11)5i, on
Bromeliad (G. Hill and R. .I. Buckner).
It is hoped these colored photographs will help in
identilying a few of our more common California tli- Dia.spis erIii?iorncti (BouchC). Norco, Riversidc Co., June 18, I 95 1.
on Oproztia hatniltotrine (czictus) (R. M. Hawlhorne antl H. I..
aspidids as they are seen in the field. McKenzie).
Plate 1 and the top row of plate 2 include those di- Diuspis via?tznnitae (Wliitney), Magalia, Butte Co., October 30,
aspidids beIonging to the tribe Aspidiotini; the remain- 1939,o n Arctostaphylos SI). (riianzanita) (H. H. Keifer).
der are referable to the tribe Diaspidini. The species Quadmspidiotus juglans-regiae (Comstock), Greenspot, San Ber-
have not been arranged chronologically under each nardino Co., June 27, 1955, on Jirglaiis sp. (walnut) (G. M.
tribe, but instead are assembled more for the purpose Harper).
of eye appeal and beauty. Qctadrspidiottcs perrticiosrcs (Comstock), San I,eanclro, Alameda
Co., May 26, 1954. on Priows sp. (plum) (E. K. Strobridge).
The following list includes specific collection data
Tor each photograph: Sv/ctu@idccs nlbtrs McKetiiie, Sorco, Riversitlc Co.. June 28, I yj 1.
on Euplmrbin sub,narir/~rilla,-is( siiccrilent) (K. M. H;iwlttorttc
;tnd H. L. McKenrie).
PLATE 1
.~lortid.iellna icwatztii (Maskell), Poniona. Los Angeles Co., Deceni- PLATE 3
ber 26, 1953, on Citrus /inion (lemon) (H. L. McKenzic).
Chio?fas/iiss alicis-nigrae (Walsh), Alturas, Motloc Co., August ti,
Aouidiella citrina (Coquillett), Reedley Area, Fresno Co., January, 1936, on Cornus sp. (dogwood).
1954, on Citrus sinensis (orange) (T. E. Corn).
Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), Santa Barbara, December 16, 1954.
Aspidiot us liederae (Vallot), Sacramento, November. 1953, on on Citrus siiiensis (orange) (W. S. Cummiiigs).
Hcdera helix (ivy) (R. Z. Rollins).
Le,9idosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus), Sacramento, Novembcr 5, 1955, on
Clirysor,iphalzrs Difasciculalus Ferris, Sacramento, November, I 953, Salix sp. (willow) (H. H. KeiCer).
on Hedera helix (ivy) (R. Z. Rollins). Nilotaspis lialli (Green), Chico, Butte Go., May io, iyjo, on Pririrus
Diaspidiotiu aizcyltcs (I'utnatn), Hemet, Riverside Co., June 18, amygdaliu (almond) (E. F. Fosen).
1954,o n Primus armeniaca (apricot) (H. L. McKenzic). Parlatoria canwlliae (Comstock), Hickman, Stanislaus Co., Febru-
Hemiber/esia degenerata (Leonardi), Sanger, Fresno Co., May 13, ary, 1954, on Camellia sp.
tjrj'i, on Camellia sp. (J. C. Bedford). Parlatoria oleae (ColvPe), Madera Go., January 7, 1954, on Olea
HerrriIJerlessia Iataniac (Signoret), Orange Co., May 30, I 954, on eicropaea (olive) (T. B. Gallion).
Persea sp. (avocado) (D. Bishop). Parlntoria pitloslmri Maskell, Sari IXcgo, December 9, I 95.1, on
1~~i~di~igar.osspsii .~(M askell), Montecito, Santa Barbara Co., De- Pittosporiiw sp. (R. 1;. Wilkey).
cember 6, 1~15.~o.n Sequoia sorrrl~emirem( redwood) antl Arau- l'lieuaeaslJis pirri\olictc (Fitch), Crestline, San Bernardino Co.,
coria sp. (W. S. <:unintings). March $1. tjrj.1, on Pit/iis /Joirc/crosri (yellow pine) (C. I.. L)owti-
ing).
Nitcidaspis ca/i/ornicn (Coleman), Lake Gregory, Sari Bernardino
Co., hlarcli 9. tgrj.1, on Pims ponderosa (yello\r pine) (G. L. ('/io.s@'s cuoiiyiui (Comstock), Sacratticitto, Novcmh '1, tc~5.1,o tt
1)owtiing). Euonyiiius sp. (H. L. Rlclicitzic).

CONTENTS
............................................................
List of coloredphotographs v
..........................................................................
Introduction 1
...................................................................
Acknowledgments 1
.......................................................................
Scope of study 2
.......................................................
Description and general biology 2
..................................................
Collecting and preserving diaspidids 3
...............................................................
Preparation of mounts 4
......................................................
iiabit and morphological characters 5
...........................................................................
h.lorphology 8
........................................................................
Classification 17
..........................................................
Subfamily Phoenicococcinae 19
...............................................................
Subfamily Diaspidinae 17
....................................................................
Tribe Diaspidini 20
...................................................................
Tribe Aspidiotini 20
..................................................................
Tribe Odonaspidini 21
.........................................................................
Systematics 21
................................................................
Treatment of species 37
...................................................................
Tribe Aspidiotini 37
....................................................................
Tribe Diaspidini 87
..................................................................
Tribe Odonaspidini 163
...........................................................
Suhfamily Phenicococcinae 167
.....................................................................
Distribution table 163
.......................................................................
Literature cited 172
.............................................................................
Host list 173
...........................................................................
Host index 193
...........................................
Index to genera. species. and higher categories 203
EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS IN FIGURES
Except for the first three figures which are purely morphological and
which are explained independently, a standard system of labeling the
illustrations has been employed. This system of labeling will be as
follows:
A. Antenna and cephalic margin of first stage.
B. Habitat sketch.
C. Antenna of adult female.
D. Anterior spiracle of adult female. The anterior spiracle has been
chosen for illustration because signific.ant differences, such as
pore arrangement, occur with these rather than in the posterior
pair.
E. Pygidium of second-stage female.
EE. General outline of second stage in those forms which are pupillarial.
F. General features of adult female.
G. Pygidium of adult female.
H. Dorsal aspect of detail of pygidial margin of adult female.
I. Ventral aspect of detail of pygidial margin of adult female.
J. Outline of exuvium of first stage in a few forms.
Unlettered figures of details are connected with their points of origin
by guide lines and should be readily identifiable.