The Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Adjacent Regions

477 Pages·2016·35.724 MB·English

by  Konstantinos Kopanias, John Macginnis

Kurdistan is home to some of the most important archaeological sites in the world, ranging from the Stone
Age to the most recent past. While in earlier decades this exceptional potential did not receive the degree of K The Archaeology of
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attention which it merited, the past ten years has seen a burgeoning of cutting-edge archaeological field projects
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across the region. This volume, the outcome of a conference held at the University of Athens in November a
2013, presents the results of this research. For the first time the archaeological inventory of the region is being n
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systematically documented, laying the foundations for intensive study of the region’s settlement history. At a the Kurdistan Region
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the same time the area has seen a flourishing of excavations investigating every phase of human occupation.
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Together these endeavours are generating basic new data which is leading to a new understanding of the arrival n
of mankind, the development of agriculture, the emergence of cities, the evolution of complex societies and the d
forging of the great empires in this crucible of mankind. M
of Iraq and Adjacent
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Dr. Konstantinos Kopanias studied at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Paris-Lodron
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University of Salzburg and the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. He worked as a post-doctoral researcher n
at the University of Athens, as adjunct faculty at the University of Crete and as an Allgemeiner Referent at the n Regions
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German Archaeological Institute in Athens. He works as an Assistant Professor at the Department of History and s

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Archaeology of the University of Athens for the subject of Ancient Civilizations of the Eastern Mediterranean. e
Since 2011 he is the director of the excavation of the University of Athens in Tell Nader and Tell Baqrta in the d
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Kurdistan Region in Iraq. He has co-organized several international conferences and published extensively on )

various aspects of the archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Near East.
Edited by
Dr. John MacGinnis did both his degree and his PhD at Cambridge University and is a specialist in the archaeology
and inscriptions of ancient Babylonia and Assyria, on which he has published extensively. He has worked on
sites across the middle east, including Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Sudan and Turkey. For fifteen years he was a T Konstantinos Kopanias and
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field director at the site of Ziyaret Tepe, the ancient Assyrian provincial capital of Tušhan. He has worked on e
many sites in Iraq, particularly in Iraqi Kurdistan, and has since 2011 been Archaeological Advisor to the High A
Commission for Erbil Citadel Revitalisation. He is currently based at the British Museum as Lead Archaeologist r John MacGinnis
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in a training scheme for archaeologists from across the whole of Iraq and is also a Research Associate at the h
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. a
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Archaeopress Archaeology www.archaeopress.com
MacGinnis cover A.indd 1 10/06/2016 12:31:48

The Archaeology of
the Kurdistan Region
of Iraq and Adjacent
Regions
Edited by
Konstantinos Kopanias and
John MacGinnis
Archaeopress Archaeology
Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Gordon House
276 Banbury Road
Oxford OX2 7ED
www.archaeopress.com
ISBN 978 1 78491 393 9
ISBN 978 1 78491 394 6 (e-Pdf)
© Archaeopress and the authors 2016
Cover illustration: Erbil Citadel, photo Jack Pascal
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the copyright owners.
This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com
Contents
List of Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................iv
Authors’ details .....................................................................................................................................xii
Preface .................................................................................................................................................xvii
Archaeological investigations on the Citadel of Erbil: Background, Framework and Results..............1
Dara Al Yaqoobi, Abdullah Khorsheed Khader, Sangar Mohammed,
Saber Hassan Hussein, Mary Shepperson and John MacGinnis
The site of Bazyan: historical and archaeological investigations ........................................................11
Narmin Amin Ali and Vincent Deroche
Short notes on Chalcolithic pottery research: The pottery sequences of Tell Nader (Erbil)
and Ashur (Qal’at Sherqat) ............................................................................................................19
Claudia Beuger
New Evidence of Paleolithic Occupation in the Western Zagros foothills: Preliminary report
of cave and rockshelter survey in the Sar Qaleh Plain in the West of Kermanshah Province,
Iran .................................................................................................................................................29
Fereidoun Biglari and Sonia Shidrang
Activities of Sapienza-University of Rome in Iraqi Kurdistan: Erbil, Sulaimaniyah and Duhok .........49
Carlo Giovanni Cereti and Luca Colliva
The Achaemenid Period Occupation at Tell ed-Daim in Iraqi Kurdistan ............................................57
John Curtis and Farouk al-Rawi
‘Inscription D’ from Sennacherib’s Aqueduct At Jerwān: Further Data and Insights .........................65
Frederick Mario Fales and Roswitha Del Fabbro
The Land of Nineveh Archaeological Project: A Preliminary Overview on the Pottery and
Settlement Patterns of the 3rd Millennium BC in the Northern Region of Iraqi Kurdistan .........75
Katia Gavagnin
Animal husbandry and other human-animal interactions in Late Ubaid-Early Uruk
northern Iraq: the faunal remains from the 2012 excavation season at Tell Nader .....................87
Angelos Hadjikoumis
Hawsh-Kori and Char-Ghapi: Why the Sassanids built two monuments in the west of
Kermanshah and the south of Iraqi Kurdistan ............................................................................101
Ali Hozhabri
Across millennia of occupation: the Land of Nineveh Archaeological project in
Iraqi Kurdistan: The prehistory and protohistory of the Upper Tigris rediscovered ..................125
Marco Iamoni
The Iraqi Institute: Education for Archaeological Research and Conservation ................................135
Jessica Johnson, Abdullah Khorsheed and Brian Michael Lione
i
Two seasons of excavations at Kunara (Upper Tanjaro): An Early and Middle Bronze Age city ......139
Christine Kepinski and Aline Tenu
Excavations of the Chalcolithic Occupations at Salat Tepe on the Upper Tigris,
Southeastern Anatolia .................................................................................................................147
Tatsundo Koizumi, Minoru Yoneda, Shigeru Itoh and Koichi Kobayashi
Insights into the settlement history of Iraqi Kurdistan from the Upper Greater Zab
Archaeological Reconnaissance Project ......................................................................................163
Rafał Koliński
Two Ottoman Trade Buildings (Qaisariya) in the Bazaar of Erbil from Building Archaeology
to Refurbishment Planning ..........................................................................................................173
Dietmar Kurapkat
Ninevite 5 – culture or regional pottery style? .................................................................................181
Dorota Ławecka
Back to the Land of Muṣaṣir/Ardini: Preliminary report on fieldwork (2005-2012) ........................189
Dlshad Marf
New Researches on the Assyrian Heartland: The Bash Tapa Excavation Project .............................201
Lionel Marti and Christophe Nicolle
Materials from French Excavations in Erbil Area (2011-2013): Qasr Shemamok .............................209
Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault and Ilaria Calini
Current Investigations into the Early Neolithic of the Zagros Foothills of Iraqi Kurdistan...............219
Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews and Kamal Rasheed Raheem
About Bakr Awa .................................................................................................................................229
Peter A. Miglus
Magnetic investigations in the Shahrizor Plain: Revealing the unseen in survey prospections ......241
Simone Mühl and Jörg Fassbinder
The Bazaar of Erbil within the Context of Islamic Trade Routes and Trade Buildings ......................249
Martina Müller-Wiener and Anne Mollenhauer
Halaf Settlement in the Iraqi Kurdistan: the Shahrizor Survey Project ............................................257
Olivier Nieuwenhuyse, Takahiro Odaka and Simone Mühl
Contextualizing Arbīl: Medieval urbanism in Adiabene ...................................................................267
Karel Nováček
Filling the Gap: The Upper Tigris Region from the Fall of Nineveh to the Sasanians.
Archaeological and Historical Overview Through the Data of the Land of
Nineveh Archaeological Project ...................................................................................................277
Rocco Palermo
Satu Qala: an Assessment of the Stratigraphy of the Site ................................................................297
Cinzia Pappi
ii
Helawa: A New Northern Ubaid/Late Chalcolithic Site in the Erbil Plain ........................................309
Luca Peyronel, Agnese Vacca and Gioia Zenoni
From the banks of the Upper Tigris River to the Zagros Highlands. The first season (2013)
of the Tübingen Eastern Ḫabur Archaeological Survey ...............................................................323
Peter Pfälzner and Paola Sconzo
Gre Amer, Batman, on the Upper Tigris: A Rescue Project in the Ilısu Dam Reservoir
in Turkey .......................................................................................................................................333
Gül Pulhan and Stuart Blaylock
In the Neo-Assyrian Border March of the Palace Herald: Geophysical Survey and Salvage
Excavations at Gird-i Bazar and Qalat-i Dinka (Peshdar Plain Project 2015) ..............................353
Karen Radner, Andrei Ašandulesei, Jörg Fassbinder, Tina Greenfield, Jean-Jacques Herr,
Janoscha Kreppner and Andrea Squitieri
New investigations at Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan ......................................................................369
Tim Reynolds, William Boismier, Lucy Farr, Chris Hunt, Dlshad Abdulmutalb and
Graeme Barker
Materials from French excavations in the Erbil area (2010): Kilik Mishik ........................................373
Olivier Rouault and Ilaria Calini
Kurd Qaburstan, A Second Millennium BC Urban Site: First Results of the Johns Hopkins
Project ..........................................................................................................................................385
Glenn M. Schwartz
The Sirwan (Upper Diyala) Regional Project – First Results .............................................................403
Tevfik Emre Şerifoğlu, Claudia Glatz, Jesse Casana and Shwkr Muhammed Haydar
Tracking early urbanism in the hilly flanks of Mesopotamia – three years of
Danish archaeological investigations on the Rania Plain ............................................................411
Tim Boaz Bruun Skuldbøl and Carlo Colantoni
The Activities of the Italian Archaeological Mission in Iraqi Kurdistan (MAIKI):
The survey area and the new evidence from Paikuli blocks documentation .............................417
Gianfilippo Terribili and Alessandro Tilia
The Kani Shaie Archaeological Project ..............................................................................................427
André Tomé, Ricardo Cabral and Steve Renette
Philological and scientific analyses of cuneiform tablets housed in
Sulaimaniya (Slemani) Museum ..................................................................................................435
Chikako Watanabe
‘Carrying the glory of the great battle’. The Gaugamela battlefield: ancient sources,
modern views, and topographical problems ...............................................................................437
Kleanthis Zouboulakis
iii
List of Figures and Tables
D. Al Yaqoobi et al.: Archaeological investigations on the Citadel of Erbil:
Background, Framework and Results
Figure 1. Erbil Citadel, areas demarcated for archaeological investigation ....................................................3
Figure 2. Area E, plan of the excavations ..............................................................................................................6
Figure 3. Area E, elevation of the fortification wall ...........................................................................................7
N. Amin Ali and V. Deroche: The site of Bazyan: historical and archaeological investigations
Figure 1. General view of the site from the west ..............................................................................................11
Figure 2. Plan showing the location of soundings ...........................................................................................13
Figure 3. The sanctuary and the nave ..................................................................................................................14
Figure 4. Northern sounding 4 ...........................................................................................................................14
Figure 5. Stratigraphy of northern sounding 4 ................................................................................................15
Figure 6. Cross pendant .......................................................................................................................................16
Figure 7. Stratigraphy of northern sounding 5 ................................................................................................16
Figure 8. Initial northeastern sector ..................................................................................................................17
Figure 9. Quadruple column ................................................................................................................................18
C. Beuger: Short notes on Chalcolithic pottery research:
The pottery sequences of Tell Nader (Erbil) and Ashur (Qal’at Sherqat)
Figure 1. Tell Nader, Northern Ubaid: bowls with zigzag lines ........................................................................19
Figure 2. Tell Nader, Early Northern Ubaid: a. painted sherds, b. fragments of lenticular jars ...................20
Figure 3. Tell Nader, post-Ubaid: a. bowls with a groove on the rim, b. ‘Wide Flower-Pots’ ........................21
Figure 4. Ashur, Ubaid: a. painted rim (?) sherd; b. incised herring bone pattern ...........................................22
Figure 5. Ashur, post-Ubaid: neckless jars with flaring rim .............................................................................23
Figure 6. Ashur, LC3-4: casserole bowls (?) ........................................................................................................24
F. Biglari and S. Shidrang: New Evidence of Paleolithic Occupation in the
Western Zagros foothills: Preliminary report of cave and rockshelter survey in
the Sar Qaleh Plain in the West of Kermanshah Province, Iran
Figure 1. Location of Paleolithic sites recorded in the Kermanshah and Islamabad Plains ...........................30
Figure 2. Kal-e Davoud Cave: (a) Plan of the cave; (b) General view of the cave .............................................31
Figure 3. Middle Paleolithic lithic artifacts from Khosrawi, south-west of Ghasr-e Shirin .........................32
Figure 4. Locations of recorded Paleolithic sites in the lowland regions of Sar Pol-e Zahab ......................33
Figure 5. The physical geography of the survey area .........................................................................................34
Figure 6. Geological map of the Azgeleh region ................................................................................................35
Figure 7. Map of the Sar Qaleh Plain showing location of recorded sites in 2010 ........................................36
Figure 8. General view of the sites recorded in the Tang-e Janga and other potential sites .........................38
Figure 9. Plan of Tang-e Janga 3 cave, general view of the pass and location of the cave.............................39
Figure 10. The mouth of Tang-e Janga 6 cave .....................................................................................................40
Figure 11. General view of the Sewar Hawār showing locations of some of the sites recorded in 2010 .....40
Figure 12. Sheikh Rozin: (a) Southern end of the Salmaneh Mountain; (b) Sheikh Rozin sites .......................41
Figure 13. Sheikh Rozin 3, view looking south from the shelter entrance ......................................................41
Figure 14. Plan of Sheikh Rozin 8 cave ................................................................................................................42
Figure 15. Two forms of raw material from the study area: (a) tabular chert and (b) nodular chert ........43
Figure 16. Upper Paleolithic bladelet core from Sheikh Rozin 7 ......................................................................43
Figure 17. Selected Upper Paleolithic artifacts from Sar Qaleh sites ..............................................................44
Figure 18. Selected Epipaleolithic artifacts from Sar Qaleh sites ....................................................................45
Table 1. Paleolithic sites recorded in the Sar Pol-e Zahab, Ghasr-e Shirin and Sar Qaleh lowland Plains ...31
Table 2. Cave and rockshelter sites recorded in the Sar Qaleh Plain and Dāri-Zangenein 2010 ....................37
C. G. Cereti and L. Colliva: Activities of Sapienza-University of Rome in Iraqi Kurdistan:
Erbil, Sulaimaniyah and Duhok
Figure 1. Erbil Civilization Museum, cataloguing activities of the numismatic collection ............................50
Figure 2. Slemani Museum, 3D model of Narseh’s bust from Paikuli monument ............................................51
Figure 3. Erbil Citadel, topographic map of the Citadel with the position of the geophysical surveys ........52
Figure 4. Erbil Citadel, 2D ERT section of the Main Street and of two crossing streets ................................54
Figure 5. Erbil Citadel, 2D ERT section of the North Gate area.........................................................................55
Figure 6. Erbil Citadel, 2D ERT section at the base of the tell slope, in front of the North Gate ..................55
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J. Curtis and F. al-Rawi: The Achaemenid Period Occupation at Tell ed-Daim
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Figure 1. Plan of the building at Tell ed-Daim ....................................................................................................58
Figure 2. Pottery vessels from Level 1 at Tell ed-Daim ......................................................................................59
Figure 3. Pottery (nos. 11-12) and stone (nos. 14-16) vessels from Level 1 at Tell ed-Daim ...........................59
Figure 4. Bronze horse-bit from Tell ed-Daim, IM 60180 ...................................................................................60
Figure 5. Bronze kohl-jars from rooms 2 (right) and 9 (left) at Tell-ed-Daim, IM 60182-3 ............................60
Figure 6. Silver disc with embossed flower design from Tell ed-Daim, IM 60172............................................60
Figure 7. Bronze wall plaques from Tell ed-Daim, IM 60191 A-B ......................................................................60
Figure 8. Stone scoops from Tell ed-Daim, IM 60206, 60208 .............................................................................61
Figure 9. Bronze horse-bits from Persepolis (left) and Deve Hüyük (right) ....................................................61
Figure 10. Bronze kohl-bottles from Nimrud (left), Tell Jigan (centre) and Khirbet Hatara (right) .............62
Figure 11. Bronze wall-plaques from Nimrud ...................................................................................................63
Figure 12. Stone scoop from Persepolis ..............................................................................................................63
Figure 13. Silver scoops from Erzincan ..............................................................................................................63
F. M. Fales and R. Del Fabbro: ‘Inscription D’ from Sennacherib’s Aqueduct At Jerwān:
Further Data and Insights
Figure 1. Elevation and plan of the SW sector of the Jerwān aqueduct .........................................................66
Figure 2. ‘Inscription D’ on the southern façade of the western sector of the aqueduct ............................66
Figure 3. A view from west of the so-called ‘repaired breach’ .........................................................................67
Figure 4. Chisel marks on the outer bands of a block .......................................................................................68
Figure 5. Rusticated blocks of the original structure to the east of the ‘repaired breach’ ..........................68
Figure 6. The conjunction between restoration and original structure ........................................................69
Figure 7. Panoramic view of the central recess of the ‘repaired breach’ ........................................................69
Figure 8. Detail of Fig. 2 with block numbering inserted ..................................................................................70
Figure 9. Block no. 127b, which was not copied by Jacobsen and not numbered in his diagram ...................71
Figure 10. Block no. 93a: damages due to exposure to weathering and to vegetative growth .....................72
K. Gavagnin: The Land of Nineveh Archaeological Project: A Preliminary Overview
on the Pottery and Settlement Patterns of the 3rd Millennium BC
in the Northern Region of Iraqi Kurdistan
Figure 1. The LoNAP survey area with the surveyed settlements ......................................................................76
Figure 2. Chart showing the number of sherds collected in the LoNAP area by period .................................76
Figure 3. Ninevite 5 painted potsherds ................................................................................................................77
Figure 4. Ninevite 5 incised and incised/excised pottery specimens ..................................................................78
Figure 5. Mid-Late 3rd Millennium potsherds ....................................................................................................80
Figure 6. Akkadian and Post-Akkadian potsherds...............................................................................................81
A. Hadjikoumis: Animal husbandry and other human-animal interactions in Late Ubaid-Early Uruk
northern Iraq: the faunal remains from the 2012 excavation season at Tell Nader
Figure 1. Species composition of the 2012 faunal assemblage from Tell Nader..............................................89
Figure 2. Anatomical breakdown of cattle remains ..........................................................................................90
Figure 3. Anatomical breakdown of pig remains ...............................................................................................91
Figure 4. Anatomical breakdown of sheep/goat remains ..................................................................................91
Figure 5. Mortality data for sheep/goat based on epiphyseal fusion ...............................................................92
Figure 6. Mortality data for pig based on epiphyseal fusion ............................................................................93
Figure 7. Cattle distal metacarpus (palmar view) ...............................................................................................93
Figure 8. Mortality data for cattle based on epiphyseal fusion .......................................................................94
Figure 9. Incidence of butchery and worked bone in for the three most abundant taxa ..............................95
Figure 10. Example of pointed tool manufactured from a sheep/goat distal metacarpus .............................96
Table 1. Mortality data for sheep/goat based on dental eruption and wear ...................................................92
Table 2. Mortality data for pig based on dental eruption and wear ................................................................92
Table 3. Mortality data for cattle based on dental eruption and wear ...........................................................94
Table 4. Incidence of fragmentation for the three most abundant taxa .........................................................95
Table 5. Types of old breaks of long bones for the three most abundant taxa ...............................................95
Table 6. Incidence of taphonomic processes on the remains of the three most abundant taxa ....................96
A. Hozhabri: Hawsh-Kori and Char-Ghapi: Why the Sassanids built two monuments
in the west of Kermanshah and the south of Iraqi Kurdistan
Figure 1. The location of Char-Ghapi in the Sassanian Empire ........................................................................101
Figure 2. Corona satellite image of the area of the area of Qasr-e Shirin ....................................................102
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Figure 3. Sassanian monuments in Qasr-e Shirin .............................................................................................102
Figure 4. Inside the Char-Ghapi ..........................................................................................................................103
Figure 5a-b. The plan of the Char-Ghapi by (a) Hersfeld and (b) Bell ..............................................................103
Figure 5c. The plan of the Char-Ghapi by (c) De Morgan .................................................................................104
Figure 6. The façade of the Char-Ghapi .............................................................................................................104
Figure 7. The façade of the Char-Ghapi .............................................................................................................104
Figure 8. The brick arch of Char-Ghapi .............................................................................................................105
Figure 9. The eastern gateway of Char-Ghapi ...................................................................................................105
Figure 10. Part of the dome of Char-Ghapi ......................................................................................................106
Figure 11. Modern view of Char-Ghapi .............................................................................................................106
Figure 12. Stone platform in Char-Ghapi ..........................................................................................................107
Figure 13. Close up of platform ........................................................................................................................107
Figure 14. Close up of platform ........................................................................................................................107
Figure 15. Architectural models of Sassanian fire temples of the Early, Middle and Late periods .............109
Figure 16. Plans of churches in Iraq from the Sasanian period .....................................................................110
Figure 17. Plans of Basilica Churches in Armenia at (a) Geghart and (b) Ereruk ..........................................112
Figure 18a-b. Church with cross plan: (a) St. Stepanos and (b) St. Thaddeus .................................................113
Figure 18c. Church with cross plan: (c) St. Mary .............................................................................................114
Figure 19. Plan of the four-columned churches of (a) St. Herepsime and (b) St. George .............................114
Figure 20. Plan of the four-columned churches of Saint Mary in Shām Valley and Saint Mary in Djolfa ...115
Figure 21. Plan of four-columned Churches from the Safavid period ..........................................................115
Figure 22. Plan of four-columned churches from the 18th and 19th centuries ..........................................116
Figure 23. Plan of four-columned churches from the late 19th century and 20th centuries ....................117
Figure 24. Plan of Char-Ghapi ...........................................................................................................................118
Figure 25. Results of thermoluminescence dating test No. 1 (1350±75) ........................................................120
Figure 26. Results of thermoluminescence dating test No 2 (1370±70) .........................................................120
Figure 27. Ceramics from surface survey at Char-Ghapi .................................................................................120
Figure 28. Locations of Christian places in the sixth century AD ...................................................................121
M. Iamoni: Across millennia of occupation: the Land of Nineveh Archaeological project
in Iraqi Kurdistan: The prehistory and protohistory of the Upper Tigris rediscovered
Figure 1. Map of the LoNAP area with surveyed sites and canals ...................................................................126
Figure 2. Map of the LoNAP survey area with the three different eco-zones characterizing the region ...128
Figure 3. Map of the LoNAP prehistoric sites ...................................................................................................129
Figure 4. (a) selection of Neolithic pottery; (b) CORONA satellite image; (c) a view from the north ..........131
J. Johnson et al.: The Iraqi Institute: Education for Archaeological Research
and Conservation
Figure 1. Iraqi Institute for the Conservation of Antiquities and Heritage ..................................................136
Table 1. Other Programs at the Iraqi Institute .................................................................................................138
C. Kepinski and A. Tenu: Two seasons of excavations at Kunara (Upper Tanjaro):
An Early and Middle Bronze Age city
Figure 1. Map of the Tanjaro valley ..................................................................................................................139
Figure 2. Kunara, general view ..........................................................................................................................140
Figure 3. Kunara, geophysical survey ................................................................................................................140
Figure 4. Kunara, areas implantation ................................................................................................................141
Figure 5. Kunara, area C .....................................................................................................................................142
Figure 6. Kunara, area B .....................................................................................................................................143
Figure 7. Kunara, area A .....................................................................................................................................143
Figure 8. Kunara, area D1 ...................................................................................................................................144
Figure 9. Kunara, arrowhead ............................................................................................................................145
Figure 10. Kunara, cylinder seal ........................................................................................................................145
T. Koizumi et al.: Excavations of the Chalcolithic Occupations
at Salat Tepe on the Upper Tigris, Southeastern Anatolia
Figure 1. Location of Salat Tepe .........................................................................................................................147
Figure 2. Kite photo of excavated trenches on Salat Tepe, viewed from the south .......................................148
Figure 3. Plan of architecture in Trench I12 ....................................................................................................149
Figure 4. Nearly complete globular jar from the fill of Room 35/M in Trench I12 .....................................149
Figure 5. Floor 46/T of Room 47/M cut by Pit 26/Ç in Trench I12 ..................................................................149
Figure 6. Remarkable artefacts from Floor 46/T in Trench I12 ......................................................................150
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