The Archaeology of Northeast China ~ Beyond the Great Wall

278 Pages·1995·2.68 MB·English

by  Sarah Milledge Nelson

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF
NORTHEAST CHINA

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF
NORTHEAST CHINA

Beyond the Great Wall
Edited by Sarah Milledge Nelson

London and New York
First published 1995
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003.

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001

© 1995 Sarah Milledge Nelson
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
The Archaeology of Northeast China: Beyond the Great Wall
edited by Sarah Milledge Nelson
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Manchuria (China)—Antiquities. I. Nelson, Sarah M.
DS782.5.B49 1995
931–dc20 94–9966

ISBN 0-203-42987-7 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-73811-X (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0-415-11755-0 (Print Edition)
CONTENTS

List of figures vii
List of tables xi
List of contributors xii
Acknowledgements xiii
INTRODUCTION 1
Sarah M.Nelson
Part I Neolithic
1 HONGSHAN AND RELATED CULTURES 21
Guo Da-shun
2 THE HOUWA SITE AND RELATED ISSUES 65
Xu Yu-lin
3 RECENT NEOLITHIC DISCOVERIES IN JILIN PROVINCE 89
Liu Zhen-hua
4 THE NEOLITHIC IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE 118
Tan Ying-jie, Sun Xiu-ren, Zhao Hong-guang, and Gan Zhi-geng
Part II Bronze Age
5 LOWER XIAJIADIAN CULTURE 147
Guo Da-shun
6 “NORTHERN-TYPE” BRONZE ARTIFACTS UNEARTHED
IN THE LIAONING REGION, AND RELATED ISSUES 182
Guo Da-shun
7 BRONZE CULTURE IN JILIN PROVINCE 206
Liu Jing-wen
v
CONTENTS
8 THE BRONZE AGE OF THE SONG-NEN PLAIN 225
Tan Ying-jie, Sun Xiu-ren, Zhao Hong-guang, and Gan Zhi-geng
CONCLUSION 251
Sarah M.Nelson
Index 255
vi
FIGURES

1.1 Distribution of the Hongshan culture and other Neolithic
cultures in Liaoning 26
1.2 Stone tools from the Hongshan culture 29
1.3 Typical pottery from the Hongshan culture 31
1.4 Pottery from the Late Hongshan culture 32
1.5 Plan of cairn with stone tomb at Niuheliang, Hongshan
culture 34
1.6 Plan view and cross-section of stone slab grave at the center
of cairn at Niuheliang 35
1.7 Hongshan culture jadeware: turtles, birds, bi, and hairband 36
1.8 Hongshan culture jade pig-dragon and dragon 37
1.9 Clay female figurines from Dongshanzui, Kezuo 40
1.10 Pottery excavated at Xinglongwa 48
1.11 Stone and bone tools excavated at Xinglongwa 50
1.12 Pottery and stone tools excavated at Fuhegoumen 52
1.13 Zhaobaogou culture pottery from Xiaoshan and Zhaobaogou 55
1.14 Zhaobaogou culture pottery and stone tools from Xiaoshan
and Zhaogaogou 56
1.15 Pottery vessel excavated from a cave at Shaguotun, Jinxi 57
1.16 Pottery excavated from Shihushan cemetery 57
1.17 Pottery excavated at Sidaojingzi, Chifeng and Xiaoheyan 59
2.1 Plan of house floor, Lower Houwa 68
2.2 Pottery from Lower Houwa 69
2.3 More pottery from Lower Houwa 69
2.4 Net weight 70
2.5 Steatite carved figures 71
2.6 Pottery figurines from Lower Houwa 72
2.7 Animal figurines from Lower Houwa 73
2.8 Plan of house floor, Upper Houwa 74
2.9 Pottery from Upper Houwa 75
2.10 Pottery figurines from Upper Houwa 76
vii
FIGURES
2.11 Pottery figurine from Lower Houwa 81
2.12 Animal head from Lower Houwa 82
2.13 Steatite head and torso, Lower Houwa 83
2.14 Steatite carving, Lower Houwa 83
2.15 Two-faced figurine, Upper Houwa 84
2.16 Round-eyed figurine, Lower Houwa 84
2.17 Canoe-shaped pottery vessel, Lower Houwa 85
3.1 Locations of sites described in Chapter 3 92
3.2 Pottery and stone tools from Daliudaogou 93
3.3 Artifacts from Jingu 97
3.4 Artifacts from Zuojiashan Level 1 99
3.5 Artifacts from Zuojiashan Level 2 101
3.6 Artifacts from Zuojiashan Level 3 103
3.7 Artifacts from Xiduanliangshan 105
3.8 Rubbings of pottery patterns from the Yaojingzi site 110
3.9 Artifacts from the Bashan cemetery 112
4.1 Locations of Neolithic sites in Heilongjiang province 121
4.2 Excavated artifacts from Yinggeling 125
4.3 Pottery from Shihuichang 129
4.4 Pottery from Beishachang 131
4.5 Stone artifacts from Beishachang 132
4.6 Stone artifacts from Angangxi 134
4.7 Artifacts from Xiaonanshan 136
4.8 Ceramic vessel from Xinkailiu 137
4.9 Artifacts from Xinkailiu 138
4.10 Bone carving of eagle head from Xinkailiu 140
5.1 Lower Xiajiadian culture pottery 153
5.2 Yu-shaped li 154
5.3 Pottery urn and dou 155
5.4 Early Lower Xiajiadian pottery 155
5.5 Pot, bowl, and cup 156
5.6 Pottery jue and gui 156
5.7 Lower Xiajiadian painted pottery 157
5.8 Painted pottery urn and li 158
5.9 Stone tools: knife, axe, and shovel 159
5.10 Clay mold excavated at Sifendi 161
5.11 Pit house at Sifendi 162
5.12 House F12 at Fengxia 164
5.13 House F2 at Fengxia 165
5.14 Plan of Lower Xiajiadian stone wall and houses at Xishangen 166
5.15 Distribution of Lower Xiajiadian walled sites 168
viii
FIGURES
5.16 Tomb M5 at Dadianzi 170
6.1 Locations of northern bronzes discussed in Chapter 6 184
6.2 Northern bronzes from the Liaoxi mountain regions 186
6.3 Northern bronzes from the Liaoxi corridor 189
6.4 Northern bronzes from Liaodong 191
7.1 Locations of Bronze Age sites discussed in Chapter 7 208
7.2 Bronze Age findings from the northwestern area 210
7.3 Bronze Age pottery from the central-south plains and hills,
Jilin 212
7.4 Bronze Age artifacts from the central hills and plains area 214
7.5 Bronze Age discoveries from the eastern mountain area 222
8.1 Locations of Bronze Age sites in Heilongjiang province 227
8.2 Two ceramic jars from Tuanjie, Jilin, which resemble those of
Wanghaitun, Heilongjiang 234
8.3 Artifacts from the Erkeqian cemetery, Tomb M6 235
8.4 Ceramic jars from the Erkeqian cemetery, Tomb M8 237
8.5 Ceramics from the Sanjiazi cemetery 240
8.6 Excavated bronze artifacts from Sanjiazi 241
8.7 Grave goods excavated at Pingyang 242
8.8 Ceramics from Pingyang cemeteries 244
8.9 Plain ceramics from Qinghua 245
8.10 Painted ceramics from Qinghua 246
ix