The Arabic Dialect of the Jews of Baghdad: Phonology, Morphology, and Texts

317 Pages·2019·2.123 MB·English

by  Assaf Bar-Moshe

kān wu-ma kān ˁal- aḷḷahu
S tǝklān. kān fǝd-malǝk, Assaf Bar-Moshe hāḏa l-malǝk
V
ˁǝnd-u bnāt ᵊṯnēn. fád- yōm,
5
8 qal-l-ǝm, hūwi qa-yġīd ysāfǝġ l-ǝl-

ḥaǧǧ, qa-ysāfǝġ l-ǝl- ḥaǧǧ. aš
The Arabic Dialect
B tǝġdōn? hūwi yġīd
a
r
- yġūḥ l-ǝl-ḥaǧǧ, aš tǝġdōn?
M of the Jews
o aǧīb-ᵊl-kǝm… ṣuġāt. lǝ-kbīġi
s
h
e qalǝt-l- u: ǧib-l-i ḥwās wu-ǧib-
· T of Baghdad
h l-i hēkǝḏ wu-ǧib-l-i hēkǝḏ.
e
A lǝ-zġayyġi kǝn-tqə́l-l-u: tġūḥ b-ǝs-
r
a Phonology, Morphology,
b salāma wu- tǝrǧaˁ b-ǝs- salāma, wu-
i
c
D ana aḥǝbb-ak ᵊmqadd and Texts -ǝl-mǝlḥ.
i
a
l mǝlḥ ašqad ᵊˁzīz. aḥǝbb- ak hēkǝḏ.
e
c
t o raǧaˁ, sāfaġ wu-raǧaˁ. raǧaˁ ᵊmn-ǝl-
f
t ḥaǧǧ, ṣāḥ-l-ǝm lᵊ- bnāt- u. qal-l-ǝm…
h
e
J lǝ-kbīġi aš ṭalbǝt? ṭˁa-l- yā. lǝ-
e
w
zġayyġi aš ṭalbǝt?
s
o
f tḥǝbb-u mqadd ǝl-mǝlḥ. qām ᵊṭġad-a.
B
a qal-l-a: lēš aškun ǝl- mǝlḥ xaṭaġ
g
h
d qa-tḥǝbbē-ni mqadd ǝl- mǝlḥ? ana
a
d
ma aqbal, la aġīd-ǝk wu-la aġīd
ᵊl-mǝlḥ māl-ǝk. z aˁal wiyā-ha.
ṭlaˁ… ᵊṭġad-a mn-ǝl-bēt. hāyi l-xāybi,
ḏ̣allǝt. fǝd-ᵊnhāġ
ˁayán-a bᵊn ṣǝḷṭān, wu- ḥább-a,
wu-dzūwáǧ-a. hāyi kǝn- ᵊtqūl tġīd
tǝntáqǝm ᵊmn-abū-ha. lēš ᵊṭġad-a
mn-ǝl…? qāmǝt sūwə́t- l-ǝm ᵊˁzīmi
kbīġi. wu-ma xǝllə́t- l-ǝm wǝla
nǝqṭāyi mǝlḥ, bī-nu lᵊ- ṭbīx. ǧō
H
a qaˁdu qa-yaklōn, ma qa-yṭiqōn
r
r
a yaklōn. qalə́t-l-ǝm: lēš ma
s
s
o
w qa-taklōn? aškun hāyi? qalō-l-a:
i Harrassowitz Verlag
www.harrassowitz-verlag.de tz hāḏa kǝll-u ḅǝla-mǝlḥ, mnēn ᵊnṭīq
nakə́l-u? qalə́t-l-u: ṣiḥō- l-u l-abū-ha…
hāḏa abū-ha… ṣiḥō- l-u, qǝllō-
l-u, aššōn ma kan- yǝftáhǝm?
ǝl-mǝlḥ ašqad bī-nu ˁzīyi. ana
sūwitū-ha l-āyi kǝll-a bǝla-mǝlḥ
xaṭaġ yǝˁġǝf ˁzīyt ǝl- mǝlḥ ašqad
ᵊqwīyi. wu-ǝs-salāmu ˁlē- kum.
204646-OHV-Bar-Moshe-Umschlag.indd 1 21.12.18 08:04
AssafBar-Moshe
TheArabic Dialect ofthe Jewsof Baghdad
©2019,OttoHarrassowitzGmbH&Co.KG,Wiesbaden
ISBNPrint:978-3-447-11171-3—ISBNE-Book:978-3-447-19863-9
Semitica Viva
HerausgegebenvonOttoJastrow
Band58
2019
Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden
©2019,OttoHarrassowitzGmbH&Co.KG,Wiesbaden
ISBNPrint:978-3-447-11171-3—ISBNE-Book:978-3-447-19863-9
Assaf Bar-Moshe
The Arabic Dialect
of the Jews
of Baghdad
Phonology, Morphology,
and Texts
2019
Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden
©2019,OttoHarrassowitzGmbH&Co.KG,Wiesbaden
ISBNPrint:978-3-447-11171-3—ISBNE-Book:978-3-447-19863-9
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ISSN0931-2811
ISBN978-3-447-11171-3
e-ISBNPDF 978-3-447-19863-9
©2019,OttoHarrassowitzGmbH&Co.KG,Wiesbaden
ISBNPrint:978-3-447-11171-3—ISBNE-Book:978-3-447-19863-9
Tomygrandmother
AlwīzBen-Eliyahu(Xḷaṣči)
1924-2017
©2019,OttoHarrassowitzGmbH&Co.KG,Wiesbaden
ISBNPrint:978-3-447-11171-3—ISBNE-Book:978-3-447-19863-9
©2019,OttoHarrassowitzGmbH&Co.KG,Wiesbaden
ISBNPrint:978-3-447-11171-3—ISBNE-Book:978-3-447-19863-9
Contents
Preface..................................................................................................... 1
Symbolsandabbreviations....................................................................... 3
1Introduction.......................................................................................... 5
1.1AbriefhistoryoftheJewishcommunityinBaghdad................... 5
1.2ThelinguisticbackgroundofJB.................................................... 7
1.3Researchmethodology.................................................................. 8
1.3.1Thephonologicalandmorphologicaldescription................. 8
1.3.2Thetranscriptions................................................................. 9
1.3.3Thetranslation...................................................................... 10
1.4RecordingsandInformants........................................................... 11
1.4.1Sources.................................................................................. 11
1.4.2Texttypes.............................................................................. 11
1.4.3Shortbiographyoftheinformants........................................ 12
1.4.4Soundfiles............................................................................ 14
2Phonology............................................................................................. 15
2.1Consonants.................................................................................... 15
2.1.1ThediachronicdevelopmentofJB'sconsonants................... 16
2.1.1.1ReflexesofOAˀ,w,andy.................................................. 16
2.1.1.2ReflexesofOAinterdentals................................................ 16
2.1.1.3ReflexesofOAr................................................................. 16
2.1.1.4ReflexesofOAq................................................................. 16
2.1.1.5Foreignborrowedconsonants............................................ 17
2.1.1.6Emphaticconsonants......................................................... 17
2.1.2PhoneticchangesinJB'sconsonants..................................... 17
2.1.2.1Assimilations...................................................................... 17
2.1.2.2Additionalphoneticchanges.............................................. 18
2.2Vowels.......................................................................................... 19
2.2.1Longvowels.......................................................................... 19
2.2.2Shortvowels......................................................................... 19
2.2.3Shorteningoflongvowels..................................................... 20
2.2.4ReflexesofOAvowelsanddiphthongs................................. 20
2.2.4.1OAu................................................................................... 20
2.2.4.2OAū................................................................................... 21
2.2.4.3OAdiphthongaw............................................................... 21
2.2.4.4OAi.................................................................................... 21
2.2.4.5OAī.................................................................................... 22
2.2.4.6OAdiphthongay................................................................ 22
©2019,OttoHarrassowitzGmbH&Co.KG,Wiesbaden
ISBNPrint:978-3-447-11171-3—ISBNE-Book:978-3-447-19863-9
VIII Contents
2.2.4.7OAa................................................................................... 22
2.2.4.8OAā................................................................................... 23
2.2.4.9Finalvowels....................................................................... 23
2.2.4.10Finalimāla....................................................................... 23
2.2.4.11FinalOAāˀ....................................................................... 24
2.3Stress............................................................................................. 24
2.4Anaptyxis...................................................................................... 25
2.4.1Threeconsonantscluster....................................................... 25
2.4.2Twoconsonantscluster......................................................... 26
2.5Glide............................................................................................. 27
3Morphology........................................................................................... 29
3.1Thepronoun................................................................................. 29
3.1.1Personalpronouns................................................................. 29
3.1.2Pronominalsuffixes............................................................... 29
3.1.3Doubleobjectpronouns........................................................ 30
3.1.4Demonstrativesanddeixis.................................................... 31
3.1.5Interrogatives........................................................................ 31
3.2Theverb........................................................................................ 32
3.2.1Generaloverview.................................................................. 32
3.2.2Derivation............................................................................. 33
3.2.2.1StemI................................................................................. 33
3.2.2.2StemII............................................................................... 35
3.2.2.3StemIII.............................................................................. 36
3.2.2.4StemsVandVI................................................................... 36
3.2.2.5StemVII............................................................................. 37
3.2.2.6StemVIII............................................................................ 37
3.2.2.7StemIX.............................................................................. 38
3.2.2.8StemX................................................................................ 38
3.2.3Inflection............................................................................... 38
3.2.3.1TheSC................................................................................ 39
3.2.3.2ThePC............................................................................... 39
3.2.3.3Theimperative................................................................... 39
3.2.4Verbconjugationparadigmsofstrongroots......................... 40
3.2.4.1TheSC................................................................................ 40
3.2.4.2ThePC............................................................................... 40
2.2.4.3Theimperative................................................................... 41
2.2.4.4SCandPCderivationbasesofstrongandweakrootsin
representativepersonsinallstems.................................... 41
3.3Theparticiple................................................................................ 43
3.3.1StemI.................................................................................... 43
3.3.2.1TheAP............................................................................... 43
3.3.2.2ThePP................................................................................ 43
©2019,OttoHarrassowitzGmbH&Co.KG,Wiesbaden
ISBNPrint:978-3-447-11171-3—ISBNE-Book:978-3-447-19863-9
Contents IX
3.3.2StemsIIandIII...................................................................... 43
3.3.3StemsVandVI...................................................................... 44
3.3.4StemVII................................................................................ 44
3.3.5StemVIII............................................................................... 44
3.3.6StemIX................................................................................. 45
3.3.7StemX................................................................................... 45
3.3.8Thedeclensionparadigmoftheparticipleinallstems......... 45
3.4Verbmodifiers.............................................................................. 46
3.4.1Tenseandaspectmarkers..................................................... 46
3.4.2Modalmarkers...................................................................... 47
3.5Thenounandtheadjective........................................................... 48
3.5.1Declension............................................................................. 48
3.5.1.1Number.............................................................................. 48
3.5.1.2Gender............................................................................... 49
3.5.2Derivation............................................................................. 51
3.5.2.1qVtl(a)patterns.................................................................. 51
3.5.2.2Patternswithtwoshortvowels.......................................... 52
3.5.2.3Patternswithonelongvowels........................................... 53
3.5.2.4Patternsendingwiththesuffix-ān.................................... 55
3.5.2.5Patternswithgeminationandquadrilateralpatterns......... 55
3.5.2.6aqtal,qatlāˀ,andtheirpluralforms................................... 57
3.5.2.7Nominalpatternsderivedfromverbalstems..................... 58
3.5.3Othernominalrelatedmorphemes........................................ 58
3.5.3.1Therelationalsuffix(nisba)............................................... 58
3.5.3.2Diminutivesuffix................................................................ 59
3.5.3.3Kinshipsuffix..................................................................... 59
3.5.3.4Singulativenouns............................................................... 59
3.6Numerals....................................................................................... 59
3.6.1Cardinalnumbers.................................................................. 59
3.6.1.1Thenumeral'one'............................................................... 59
3.6.1.2Thenumeral'two'............................................................... 59
3.6.1.3Thenumerals3-10............................................................. 60
3.6.1.4Thenumerals11-19........................................................... 60
3.6.1.5Tens................................................................................... 61
3.6.1.6Hundreds............................................................................ 61
3.6.1.7Thousands.......................................................................... 61
3.6.2Ordinalnumbers................................................................... 61
3.7Prepositions................................................................................... 61
3.7.1'to','for'.................................................................................. 61
3.7.2'in','on','at'............................................................................ 62
3.7.3'from'..................................................................................... 62
3.7.4'on','about'............................................................................ 63
3.7.5'by','with'.............................................................................. 63
©2019,OttoHarrassowitzGmbH&Co.KG,Wiesbaden
ISBNPrint:978-3-447-11171-3—ISBNE-Book:978-3-447-19863-9