The Applied Ethics Of Emerging Military And Security Technologies

531 Pages·2016·37.106 MB·English

by  Braden R. Allenby

The Applied Ethics of Emerging Military and Security
Technologies
The Library of Essays on the Ethics of Emerging Technologies
Series Editor: Wendell Wallach
Titles in the series:
The Applied Ethics of Emerging Military and Security Technologies
Braden R. Allenby
The Ethics of Biotechnology
Gaymon Bennett
The Ethical Challenges of Emerging Medical Technologies
Arthur L. Caplan and Brendan Parent
Emerging Technologies
Gary E. Marchant and Wendell Wallach
The Ethics of Nanotechnology, Geoengineering, and Clean Energy
Andrew Maynard and Jack Stilgoe
The Ethics of Information Technologies
Keith W. Miller and Mariarosario Taddeo
The Ethics of Sports Technologies and Human Enhancement
Thomas H. Murray and Voo Teck Chuan
Machine Ethics and Robot Ethics
Wendell Wallach and Peter Mario Asaro
The Applied Ethics of Emerging
Military and Security Technologies
Edited by
Braden R. Allenby
Arizona State University, USA
Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2015 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright © Braden R. Allenby 2015. For copyright of individual articles please refer to the
Acknowledgements.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014951750
ISBN 13: 978-1-4724-3003-8 (hbk)
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Series Preface xi
Introduction xiii
PART I CHANGING CONTEXT AND OVERVIEW
1 Brad Allenby (2013), 'The Implications of Emerging Technologies for Just War
Theory', Public Affairs Quarterly, 27, pp. 49-68. 3
2 P.W. Singer (2010), The Ethics of Killer Applications: Why is it so Hard
to Talk about Morality When it Comes to New Military Technology?',
Journal of Military Ethics, 9, pp. 299-312. 23
3 National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering (2014),
'Summary', in Emerging and Readily Available Technologies and National
Security - A Framework for Addressing Ethical, Legal, and Societal Issues,
Washington DC: The National Academic Press, pp. 1-13. 37
4 Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui (1999), Unrestricted Warfare, Beijing: People's
Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House, translated by Central
Intelligence Agency Foreign Broadcast Information Service, pp. 1-35, 204-27. 51
5 International Committee of the Red Cross (2011), 'International Humanitarian
Law and the Challenges of Contemporary Armed Conflicts', Geneva: International
Conference of the Red Cross Red Crescent, pp. 3-53. Ill
6 Noetic Corporation (2013), 'Technology as Dialectic: Understanding Game
Changing Technology', paper prepared for the Emerging Capabilities Division,
Rapid Fielding, Office of the Secretary of Defense, pp. 1-10. 163
7 Alan Backstrom and Ian Henderson (2012), 'New Capabilities in Warfare:
An Overview of Contemporary Technological Developments and the Associated
Legal and Engineering Issues in Article 36 Weapons Reviews', International
Review of the Red Cross, 94, pp. 483-514. 173
PART II ROBOTS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS
8 Gary E. Marchant, Braden Allenby, Ronald Arkin, Edward. T. Barrett,
Jason Borenstein, Lyn M. Gaudet, Orde Kittrie, Patrick Lin, George R. Lucas,
Richard O'Meara and Jared Silberman (2011), 'International Governance of
Autonomous Military Robots', Columbia Science and Technology Law Review,
12, pp. 272-315. 207
9 Wendell Wallach (2013), 'Terminating the Terminator: What to do about
Autonomous Weapons', Science Progress, pp. 251-54. 251
vi The Applied Ethics of Emerging Military and Security Technologies
10 Peter Asaro (2012), 'On Banning Autonomous Weapon Systems: Human Rights,
Automation, and the Dehumanization of Lethal Decision-Making', International
Review of the Red Cross, 94, pp. 687-709. 255
11 Human Rights Watch (2012), 'Losing Humanity: The Case against Killer Robots',
International Human Rights Clinic, pp. 1-5. 279
12 Ronald C. Arkin (2010), 'The Case for Ethical Autonomy in Unmanned Systems',
Journal of Military Ethics, 9, pp. 332-41. 285
PART III UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES AND THE TRANSITION
FROM MILITARY TO CIVILIAN SYSTEMS
13 Stuart Casey-Maslen (2012), 'Pandora's Box? Drone Strikes under jus adbellum,
jus in bello, and International Human Rights Law', International Review of the
Red Cross, 94, pp. 597-625. 297
14 Bradley Jay Strawser (2010), 'Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited
Aerial Vehicles', Journal of Military Ethics, 9, pp. 342-68. 327
15 US Department of Justice (2011), 'Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed
against a US Citizen who is a Senior Operational Leader of Al-Qa'ida or an
Associated Force', pp. 1-16. 355
16 Daniel Rothenberg (2013), 'What the Drone Debate is Really About:
It's not Privacy or State Power', Slate, pp. 1-3. 371
17 Brad Allenby (2013), 'The Golden Age of Privacy is Over: But Don't Blame
Drones', Slate, pp. 1-3. 375
PART IV CYBERCONFLICT AND CYBERSECURITY
18 Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff and Neil Rowe (2012), 'Computing Ethics War 2.0:
Cyberweapons and Ethics', Communications of the ACM, 55, pp. 24-6. 381
19 Herbert Lin (2012), 'Cyber Conflict and International Humanitarian Law',
International Review of the Red Cross, 94, pp. 515-31. 385
20 George R. Lucas Jr (2013), 'Jus in Silico: Moral Restrictions on the Use of
Cyberwarfare', in F. Allhoff, N. Evans and A. Henschke (eds), Routledge
Handbook of Ethics and War, New York: Routledge, pp. 367-81. 403
21 Randall R. Dipert (2010),' The Ethics of Cyberwarfare', Journal of Military
Ethics, 9, pp. 384^10. 419
22 James Cook (2010), '"Cyberation" and Just War Doctrine: A Response to
Randall Dipert', Journal of Military Ethics, 9, pp. 411-23. 447
PART V GENOMICS AND NEUROSCIENCE ENGINEERING
23 Maxwell J. Mehlman, Patrick Lin and Keith Abney (2013), 'Enhanced Warfighters:
A Policy Framework', in Michael L. Gross and Don Carrick (eds), Military
Medical Ethics for the 21st Century, Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 113-26. 463
The Applied Ethics of Emerging Military and Security Technologies vii
24 Gary Marchant and Lyn Gulley (2010), 'National Security Neuroscience and the
Reverse Dual-Use Dilemma', American Journal ofBioethics Neuroscience, 1,
pp. 20-22. 477
25 Victoria Sutton (2005), 'A Multidisciplinary Approach to an Ethic of Biodefense
and Bioterrorism', Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, pp. 310-22. 481
Name Index 495
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Acknowledgements
Ashgate would like to thank the researchers and the contributing authors who provided copies,
along with the following for their permission to reprint copyright material.
BradAllenby for the essay: BradAllenby (2013), 'The Implications of Emerging Technologies
for Just War Theory', Public Affairs Quarterly, 27, pp. 49-68. Copyright © 2013 by the Board
of Trustees of the University of Illinois.
Cambridge University Press for the essays: Alan Backstrom and Ian Henderson (2012), 'New
Capabilities in Warfare: An Overview of Contemporary Technological Developments and
the Associated Legal and Engineering Issues in Article 36 Weapons Reviews', International
Review of the Red Cross, 94, pp. 483-514. Copyright © 2012 International Committee of
the Red Cross, published by Cambridge University Press, reproduced with permission; Peter
Asaro (2012), 'On Banning Autonomous Weapon Systems: Human Rights, Automation,
and the Dehumanization of Lethal Decision-Making', International Review of the Red
Cross, 94, pp. 687-709. Copyright © 2012 International Committee of the Red Cross,
published by Cambridge University Press, reproduced with permission; Stuart Casey-Maslen
(2012), 'Pandora's Box? Drone Strikes under jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and International
Human Rights Law', International Review of the Red Cross, 94, pp. 597-625. Copyright
© 2012 International Committee of the Red Cross, published by Cambridge University
Press, reproduced with permission; Herbert Lin (2012), 'Cyber Conflict and International
Humanitarian Law', International Review of the Red Cross, 94, pp. 515-31. Copyright ©
2012 International Committee of the Red Cross, published by Cambridge University Press,
reproduced with permission.
International Committee of the Red Cross for the essay: International Committee
of the Red Cross (2011), 'International Humanitarian Law and the Challenges of
Contemporary Armed Conflicts', Geneva: International Conference of the Red Cross Red
Crescent, pp. 3-53. http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/red-cross-crescent-movement/31st-
international-conference/31 -int-conference-ihl-challenges-report-11-5-1 -2-en.pdf.
Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff and Neil Rowe for the essay: Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff and Neil
Rowe (2012), 'Computing Ethics War 2.0: Cyberweapons and Ethics', Communications of
the ACM, 55, pp. 24-26. Copyright © 2012 the Authors.
The National Academies Press for the essay: National Research Council and National Academy
of Engineering (2014), 'Summary', in Emerging and Readily Available Technologies
and National Security - A Framework for Addressing Ethical, Legal, and Societal Issues,
Washington DC: The National Academic Press, pp. 1-13.