The Ancient Art of Emulation: Studies in Artistic Originality and Tradition from the Present to Classical Antiquity (Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. Supplementary Volumes, Vol. 1, 2002)

327 Pages·2010·33.72 MB·English

by  Elaine K. Gazda (editor)

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Th~SppeeAnAZCTrca itooraemt enMmirfth
Studies in Art istitc Origina'ity and Tradition
fomn the Present to( Cassi4'cal Antiquity
AN ~ ~ ~ ~ ICIA
The Ancient Art of Emulation
Memoirs of the AmericanA cademy in Rome
SupplementaryV olume I
The Ancient Art of Emulation
Studies in Artistic Originality
and Traditionf rom the Present
to ClassicalA ntiquity
Elaine K. Gazda, Editor
PUBLISHED FOR THE AMERICAN ACADEMY IN ROME
by
The Universityo f MichiganP ress
AnnA rborM, ichigan
2002
Copyright C by the Universityo f Michigan2 002
All rights reserved
Publishedi n the United Stateso f Americab y
The Universityo f Michigan Press
Manufacturedi n the United Stateso f America
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2005 2004 2003 2002 4 3 2 1
No part of this publicationm ay be reproduceds, toredi n a retrievasl ystem, or transmitted
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permissiono f the publisher.
A CIP catalogr ecordfort his booki s availablef rom the BritishL ibrary.
Libraryo f CongressC ataloging-in-PublicationD ata
The ancient art of emulation: studiesi n artistico riginalitya nd traditionf rom the presentt o
classicala ntiquity/ Elaine K. Gazda,e ditor.
p. cm. - (Supplementst o the monographso f the AmericanA cademyi n Rome; v. 1)
Includesb ibliographicarl eferences.
ISBN 0-472-11189-2 (alk. paper)
1. Art - Reproduction. I. Gazda,E laineK ., 1943- II. Series
N8580.A53 2002
730'.1'1-dc2l
2002067109
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations vii
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction Beyond Copying: Artistic Originality and Tradition
Elaine K. Gazda, University of Michigan 1
1 Twentieth-Century Rhetoric: Enforcing Originality and Distancing the Past
Ruth Weisberg, University of Southern California 25
2 The Problem of Labels: Three Marble Shepherds in Nineteenth-Century Rome
Alice Taylor, West Los Angeles College, Los Angeles Community College District 47
3 Restorer and Collector: Notes on Eighteenth-Century Recreations
of Roman Statues
Nancy H. Ramage, Ithaca College 61
4 "di sua mano"
Richard E. Spear, University of Maryland 79
5 In Search of the Greek Bronze Original
Carol C. Mattusch, George Mason University 99
6 Extending the Reach of Marble: Struts in Greek and Roman Sculpture
Mary B. Hollinshead, University of Rhode Island 117
7 Rhetoric, Literary Criticism, and the Roman Aesthetics of Artistic Imitation
Ellen E. Perry, College of the Holy Cross 153
8 Forms of Attention: Four Notes on Replication and Variation
Michael Koortbojian, University of Toronto 173
vi CONTENTS
9 The Ludovisi Barbarians: The Grand Manner
Miranda Marvin, Wellesley College 205
10 Greek Myth, Gender, and Social Structure in a Roman House:
Two Paintings of Achilles at Pompeii
Jennifer F Trimble, Stanford University 225
11 Eros's Flame: Images of Sexy Boys in Roman Ideal Sculpture
Elizabeth Bartman, New York City 249
12 The Citharode Apollo in Villa Contexts: A Roman Theme with Variations
Linda Jones Roccos, College of Staten Island, City University of New York 273
Frequently Cited Sources 295
ILLUSTRATIONS
1.1 Andy Warhol, Mona Lisa, 1963 34
1.2 Ruth Weisberg, Disparity among the Children, 1975 35
1.3 Barbara Kruger, Untitled (Your fictions become history), 1981-83 36
1.4 Beauvais Lyons, Eklam and Tulam Share a Meal Together, ca. 2500 B.C. 39
1.5 Diane Sophrin, Lesson Number Two, 1992 42
1.6 Houston Conwill, Joseph De Pace, Estella Conwill Majozo,
The New Ring Shout, 1995 43
1.7 David Ligare, Landscape with an Archer (to Kairos), 1990-91 44
1.8 Ruth Weisberg, Art History, 1994 46
2.1 Youth carrying a ram. Rome, Museo Barracco 48
2.2 Sculptural fragment. Istanbul, Hagios Polyeuktos 52
2.3 Sculptural fragment. Istanbul, Hagios Polyeuktos 52
2.4 Dish with herdsman and his goats. St. Petersburg, State Hermitage Museum 52
2.5 Youth carrying a sheep. Vatican Museums 53
2.6 Old man carrying a sheep. Rome, San Clemente 57
3.1 The Red Faun, restored by Bartolomeo Cavaceppi and Clemente Bianchi. Rome,
Capitoline Museum 65
3.2 Artemis (made from fragments of a Wounded Amazon), restored by Bartolomeo
Cavaceppi. Rome, Capitoline Museum 66
3.3 Diomedes (made from fragments of a Discobolus), restored by Bartolomeo
Cavaceppi. Wiltshire, Lord Shelburne Collection 66
3.4 Pepe Pacetti, The Barberini Faun. Berlin, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin 70
3.5 Josiah Wedgwood, Portrait Medallion of James Byres (1733-1817).
Collection of N. H. Ramage 75
4.1 Guido Reni, Abduction of Helen, 1627-29. Paris, Musee du Louvre 82
4.2 Giacinto Campana after Guido Reni (with retouching by Reni), Abduction of
Helen, 1631? Rome, Galleria Spada 83
5.1 Belvedere Apollo. Rome, VlaticanM useums 100
viii ILLUSTRATIONS
5.2 Roman version of the Diskobolos by Myron, found on the Esquiline in 1781.
Rome, Museo Nazionale Romano 102
5.3 Plaster cast of a Roman version of the Diskobolos by Myron, found at Castel
Porziano in 1906. Munich, Abguflsammlung 103
5.4 God from Ugento, late sixth to early fifth centuries B.C. Taranto,
National Museum 105
5.5 God found in the sea near Cape Artemision in 1926 and 1928, ca. 460 B.C.
Athens, National Archaeological Museum 105
5.6 Carver working on a marble statue with raised measuring points.
Carrara, Carlo Niccoli Workshop 108
5.7 Hollow lost-wax casting by the indirect method 112
5.8-5.9 Riace bronzes, found in the sea at Riace Marina in 1972, probably
fifth century B.C. Reggio Calabria, National Museum 113
6.1 Julia Domna as Ceres. Ostia, Museo Ostiense 121
6.2 Kouros 12, Ptoon Sanctuary. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 123
6.3 Aknonios from the Daochos Monument at Delphi. Delphi Museum 125
6.4 Silenus. Chiaramonti Collection, Vatican Museums 128
6.5 Heroic nude male ("Pseudo-athlete"), House of the Diadoumenos, Delos.
Athens, National Archaeological Museum 128
6.6 Venus and Mars with spiral struts. Rome, Capitoline Museum 129
6.7 Amazonomachy sarcophagus. Rome, Capitoline Museum 131
6.8 Spiral strut, detail of fig. 6.7 131
6.9 Quadrilateral strut, detail of fig. 6.7 131
6.10 Odysseus from Punta Epitaffio. Baiae, Castello di Baia 132
6.11 Augustus from Primaporta, detail of strut. Vatican Museums 134
6.12 Trajan in cuirass. Harvard University, Arthur M. Sackler Museum 135
6.13 Diana from St. Georges-de-Montagne. Bordeaux, Musee d'Aquitaine 136
6.14 Detail of Two Brothers sarcophagus with struts linking figures to background.
Vatican Museums 137
6.15 Dionysos with panther from Punta Epitaffio. Baiae, Castello di Baia 139
6.16 Companion from Punta Epitaffio. Baiae, Castello di Baia 139
6.17 Reconstruction of the Nymphaeum of Herodes Atticus, Olympia 140
6.18 Wine-pouring satyr. Palermo, Museo Archeologico Regionale 145
6.19 Wine-pouring satyr (head restored). Berlin, Antikensammlung 145
6.20 Hypothetical reconstruction of the Apoxyomenos, Diadoumenos, Protesilaos,
also Venus and Melpomene from Miletus 147
6.21 Detail of Polyphemos's toes with interdigital struts. Sperlonga,
Museo Nazionale Archeologico 149
6.22 Augustan funerary relief, perhaps an unfinished statue. Rome, Via Appia 151
7.1 The Sacrifice of Iphigenia, from the House of the Tragic Poet (VI.8.3/5),
Pompeii. Naples, National Archaeological Museum 155
7.2 Amazon caryatid from the estate of Herodes Atticus. Athens,
National Archaeological Museum 164
7.3 Detail of Amazon caryatid from the estate of Herodes Atticus 164
ILLUSTRATIONS ix
7.4 Amazon of the Mattei type. Tivoli, Villa of Hadrian 165
7.5 Amazon of the Lansdowne type. Tivoli, Villa of Hadrian 165
7.6 Captive Barbarian from Corinth. Corinth Museum 170
8.1 Myron's Diskobolos. Rome, Museo Nazionale Romano 174
8.2 Tyrannicides. Naples, National Archaeological Museum 174
8.3 Diadoumenos, from Delos. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 176
8.4 Athlete from the Teatro of the Imperial Villa at Anzio. Staatliche
Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek Miinchen 177
8.5 Atticizing statues from the peristyle of the Villa dei Papiri, Herculaneum.
Naples, National Archaeological Museum 178
8.6 Doryphoros from the Villa dei Papiri, Herculaneum. Naples,
National Archaeological Museum 179
8.7 Anakreon from Villa at Rieti. Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek 180
8.8 Borghese Poet from Villa at Rieti. Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek 180
8.9 Stephanos Athlete. Rome, Villa Albani 182
8.10 Orestes and Elektra. Naples, National Archaeological Museum 182
8.11 Doryphoros from Pompeii. Naples, National Archaeological Museum 184
8.12 Funerary altar of T. Octavius Diadumenus. Vatican Museums 188
8.13 Icarus. Rome, Capitoline Museum 192
8.14 Three "Polykleitan" statues from the Domus Augustana (?).
Rome, Palazzo Mattei 193
8.15 Four marble statues of the Pouring Satyr, from the cavea of the Theater,
Castel Gandolfo. London, British Museum (1), Dresden, Albertinum (2-4) 195
8.16 Hercules Farnese from the Baths of Caracalla. Naples,
National Archaeological Museum 197
8.17 Three Graces from the Baths at Cyrene. Shahat Museum 198
8.18 Three Graces from the Baths at Cyrene. Shahat Museum 199
8.19 Danaids from the Palatine. Rome, Antiquarium Comunale 201
9.1 The dying Gaul. Rome, Capitoline Museum 206
9.2 The Gaul killing himself and his wife. Rome, Museo Nazionale Romano 206
9.3 Dying Gaul. Naples, National Archaeological Museum 209
9.4 Dead Persian. Naples, National Archaeological Museum 209
9.5 Dead Giant. Naples, National Archaeological Museum 209
9.6 Dead Amazon. Naples, National Archaeological Museum 210
9.7 Beardless Dacian. Rome, Column of Trajan 212
9.8 Heroic suicide of defeated Dacian leader, Decebalus. Rome,
Column of Trajan 213
9.9 Wounded Dacian. Rome, Column of Trajan 213
9.10 Wounded Dacian. Rome, Column of Trajan 214
9.11 Centaur about to crush a tiger with a boulder, from Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli.
Berlin, Antikensammlung 220
10.1 House of the Dioscuri, Pompeii, plan 227
10.2 House of the Dioscuri, Pompeii, view from entryway through house 227