The Ah iqr n Ra-Stelae Egyptologische Uitgaven • III

361 Pages·2014·14.62 MB·English

Egyptologische Uitgaven • III
The Ah iqr n Ra-Stelae
On Ancester Worship in Ancient Egypt
by
R.J. Demarée
Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten
Leiden
1983
'-
THE 3[J 1/sr n Rc-STELAE
ON ANCESTOR WORSHIP IN ANCIENT EGYPT

THE 3l:J 1Jsr n Rc-STELAE
ON ANCESTOR WORSHIP IN ANCIENT EGYPT
EGYPTOLOGISCHE UITGAVEN
onder redactie van
J.F. BORGHOUTS, E. VAN DONZEL, M.S.H.G. HEERMA VAN VOSS en T. TE VELDE
in samenwerking met de Vakgroep Egyptologie van de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden
Ill

THE 3 h zkr n Re -STELAE
V •
ON ANCESTOR WORSHIP IN ANCIENT EGYPT
R.J. DEMAREE
NEDERLANDS INSTITUUT VOOR HET NABIJE OOSTEN
TE LEIDEN
1983
Copyright 1983 by
Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten
Witte Singe! 24
postbus 9515
2300 RA Leiden, Nederland
All rights reserved, including the right to translate or
to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form
ISBN 90 6258 203 6
Printed by Tesink BV Zutphen, The Netherlands
VII
CONTENTS
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
Chapter I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter II The Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
A. Stelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
B. Other documents from Deir el-Medl:na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
C. Additional documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Chapter Ill The Stelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
2. Typology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
3. Offering-formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
4. Provenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5. Epigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
6. Dating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Chapter IV 3!J, 3/J 1~r, 3!J 1~r n Rc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
1. The concept of 3!J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
2. The meaning of 1~r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
3. 3!J and 3!J 1~r- a historical survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
3.a Old Kingdom and FIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
3.b Middle Kingdom and SIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
3.c New Kingdom and aftermath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
4. 3!J f~r n Rc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
5. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Chapter V The meaning and function of the 3!J 1~r n Rc-stelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Dedicated to the memory of:
Prof. dr. A. de Buck
Prof. dr. J. L:erny
PREFACE
It is a time-honoured tradition when one finally finishes a doctoral thesis, to
express gratitude to all those who have contributed to one's scholarly progress
and to the preparation of this book.
My very warm thoughts turn to my first teacher Prof. A. de Buck under
whose guidance I took my first faltering footsteps in Egyptology. The alas too
few hours that I was privileged to spend in his study as his pupil will always
remain among my most treasured memories.
My most sincere thanks must also go to Prof. J. Zandee who was not only
kind enough to accept me as his pupil when I resumed my studies and who
unlocked for me many of the secrets of the language and culture of Ancient
Egypt, but who also agreed to take upon himself the laborious task of guiding
me in the preparation of this thesis. He has in a very true sense been my
supervisor and at the same time my mentor.
It is with really great pleasure that I take this opportunity to attempt to
express some of the gratitude and affection that I feel for Prof. J.J. Janssen
who shares my deep interest in the village and the people of Deir el-Med1na. It
was he who first suggested the subject of this book and his tremendous
contribution to its completion is only very inadequately expressed in his being
eo-referent.
Neither must I forget to mention Prof. M.S.G.H. Heerma van Voss, of whom
I had the privilege to profit from his profound knowledge of religious literature,
and who consented to act as eo-referent.
I would also like to express my appreciation for the expert help and support
of Dr. J .F. Borghouts.
Everybody tends to take institutions for granted. We are very happy to use
their facilities and their funds and we grumble when things do not run
smoothly. Yet when all is over by the shouting they tend to fade from our
thoughts. This is definitely not my intention and I am glad to take this
opportunity of thanking the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, the Instituut voor het
Moderne Nabije Oosten, both of Leiden, and the Egyptologisch Seminarie of
Amsterdam, for their particular contribution.
This also brings to mind the many people and museums who have helped me
on my way by giving valuable information, providing photographs or granting
permission to use certain photographs and texts. I am especially grateful to the
Egyptian Antiquities Organization in Cairo, in the person of its former director
Dr. Gamal Mukhtar, the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, in the person of its
curator Dr. Mohammed Saleh, and the French Institute in Cairo, for their
permission to visit their storerooms in Deir el-Med1na as well as in the Museum.
I owe a special debt of gratitude to the Griffith Institute Oxford, in particular
to Mrs Helen Murray and Dr. J. Malek, who allowed me to consult and make
use of the notebooks and other papers of the late Prof. J. Cerny.
A thesis is of course on one hand the product of science but this product can
only become available in a useable form through the application of technology -
the practical side of things. Without the technical wherewithal to produce a