The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization Two Volumes (Greenwood Encyclopedias of Modern World Wars)

1232 Pages·2006·6.53 MB·English

by  Cathal J. Nolan

The Age of Wars of
Religion, 1000–1650: An
Encyclopedia of Global
Warfare and Civilization,
Volumes 1 & 2
Cathal J. Nolan
Greenwood Press
T A W
HE GE OF ARS
R
OF ELIGION,
1000–1650

T A W
HE GE OF ARS
R
OF ELIGION,
1000–1650
AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
GLOBAL WARFARE AND CIVILIZATION
Volume 1, A–K
Cathal J. Nolan
Greenwood Encyclopedias of
Modern World Wars
GREENWOOD PRESS
Westport, Connecticut (cid:1) London
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Nolan,CathalJ.
Theageofwarsofreligion,1000–1650:anencyclopediaofglobalwarfareand
civilization/CathalJ.Nolan.
p. cm.—(Greenwoodencyclopediasofmodernworldwars)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0–313–33045–X(set)—ISBN0–313–33733–0(vol.1)—
ISBN0–313–33734–9(vol.2)
1.MiddleAges—History—Encyclopedias. 2. History,Modern—17thcentury—
Encyclopedias. 3. Militaryhistory,Medieval—Encyclopedias. 4. Militaryhistory,
Modern—17thcentury—Encyclopedias. 5. Biography—MiddleAges,500–1500—
Encyclopedias. 6. Biography—17thcentury—Encyclopedias. I. Title.
D114.N66 2006
909.0703—dc22 2005031626
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Copyright#2006byCathalJ.Nolan
Allrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybe
reproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withoutthe
expresswrittenconsentofthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2005031626
ISBN:0–313–33045–X(set)
0–313–33733–0(vol.I)
0–313–33734–9(vol.II)
Firstpublishedin2006
GreenwoodPress,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881
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www.greenwood.com
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Covenants without swords are but words.
—Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)
You are engaged in God’s service and in mine—which is the same thing.
—Philip II,ofSpain
[The terms are] null and void, invalid, iniquitous, unjust, condemned,
rejected, frivolous, without force or effect, and no one is to observe
them, even when they be ratified by oath.
—Pope InnocentX,
Onthearticles ofreligioustoleration inthe Peace ofWestphalia (1648)
Who brings famine? The army.
Who brings the plague? The army.
Who the sword? The army.
Who hinders trade? The army.
Who confounds all? The army.
—HughPeter,
AWord forthe Army andTwoWords tothe Kingdome (1647)

C
ONTENTS
List of Entries ix
Preface: Wars of Religion in History xliii
Author’s Note li
Note on Dates lix
The Encyclopedia 1
Chronology of Major Events 959
Selected Bibliography 981
Index 1021

L E
IST OF NTRIES
abatis Albania
AbbasI (1571–1629) Albert,Archduke ofAustria
Aceh (1559–1621)
Acemi Ogg(cid:1)lan Albigensian Crusade (1208–1229)
Acre, fallof(1291) d’Albuquerque, Alfonsode(1453–1515)
adarga alcabala
Aden alcancia
admiral Alca´ntara,Battle of(August25, 1580)
admiralty Alca´ntara,Knightsof
Admiralty Alcazarquivir,Battleof(August4,1578)
Adwalton Moor,Battleof(1643) Alexandria, Siegeof(1364)
AffairofthePlacards(October18,1534) alferes
Afghanistan AlfonsoV (1432–1481)
aftercastle AlfonsoXI (1312–1350)
Agincourt, Battleof(October 25, 1415) Alford, Battle of(July2,1645)
Agnadello, Battle of(May14, 1509) Algeciras, Siegeof(1344)
Ahlspiess Algiers
ailettes Alhamade Granada, Battleof(1482)
AinJalut, Battleof(1260) AliPasha
A¨ır,Kingdom of Aljubarrota, Battle of(August14, 1385)
Akbar(1542–1605) Alkmaar,Siegeof(August21–October8,
aketon 1573)
akincis/akinjis alla moderna
Akritai Allerheim,Battle of(1645)
akut¯o Almiranta
Alais, Peaceof(June 28, 1629) Almogavars
Alamut,Battle of(1234) Almohads
al-Andalus Almoravids
Alarcos,Battle of(1195) AlteFeste, Siege of(August
Alba,Don Fernando A´lvarezde Toledo, 24–September18, 1632)
duque de (1507–1582) Altmark, Truceof(September 26, 1629)