The Aerodynamics of Gyroplanes

356 Pages·2010·12.34 MB·English

Safety Regulation Group
CAA Paper 2009/02
The Aerodynamics of Gyroplanes
www.caa.co.uk

Safety Regulation Group
CAA Paper 2009/02
The Aerodynamics of Gyroplanes
August 2010
CAA Paper 2009/02 The Aerodynamics of Gyroplanes
© Civil Aviation Authority 2010
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ISBN 978 0 11792 234 1
Published August 2010
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CAA Paper 2009/02 The Aerodynamics of Gyroplanes
List of Effective Pages
Part Page Date Part Page Date
iii August 2010 25 August 2010
iv August 2010 26 August 2010
v August 2010 27 August 2010
vi August 2010 28 August 2010
Contents 1 August 2010 29 August 2010
Contents 2 August 2010 30 August 2010
Contents 3 August 2010 31 August 2010
CAA Introduction 1 August 2010 32 August 2010
CAA Introduction 2 August 2010 33 August 2010
List of Figures and Tables 1 August 2010 34 August 2010
List of Figures and Tables 2 August 2010 35 August 2010
List of Figures and Tables 3 August 2010 36 August 2010
List of Figures and Tables 4 August 2010 37 August 2010
List of Figures and Tables 5 August 2010 38 August 2010
List of Figures and Tables 6 August 2010 39 August 2010
List of Figures and Tables 7 August 2010 40 August 2010
Executive Summary 1 August 2010 41 August 2010
Glossary 1 August 2010 42 August 2010
Glossary 2 August 2010 43 August 2010
Glossary 3 August 2010 44 August 2010
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194 August 2010 Addendum 1 1 August 2010
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Acknowledgements 1 August 2010 Addendum 1 3 August 2010
References 1 August 2010 Addendum 1 4 August 2010
References 2 August 2010 Addendum 1 5 August 2010
References 3 August 2010 Addendum 1 6 August 2010
References 4 August 2010 Addendum 1 7 August 2010
References 5 August 2010 Addendum 1 8 August 2010
References 6 August 2010 Addendum 1 9 August 2010
Appendix 1 1 August 2010 Addendum 1 10 August 2010
Appendix 1 2 August 2010 Addendum 2 1 August 2010
Appendix 1 3 August 2010 Addendum 2 2 August 2010
Appendix 1 4 August 2010 Addendum 2 3 August 2010
Appendix 2 1 August 2010 Addendum 2 4 August 2010
Appendix 2 2 August 2010 Addendum 2 5 August 2010
Appendix 2 3 August 2010 Addendum 2 6 August 2010
Appendix 2 4 August 2010 Addendum 2 7 August 2010
Appendix 3 1 August 2010 Addendum 2 8 August 2010
Appendix 3 2 August 2010 Addendum 2 9 August 2010
Appendix 4 1 August 2010 Addendum 2 10 August 2010
Appendix 4 2 August 2010 Addendum 2 11 August 2010
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Addendum 3 1 August 2010 Addendum 3 49 August 2010
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CAA Paper 2009/02 The Aerodynamics of Gyroplanes
Contents
CAA Introduction
List of Figures and Tables
Executive Summary
Glossary
Abbreviations
Nomenclature
Report
Introduction
Background 1
Fundamental Research 1
Simulation and Model Validation 2
Application of Research 2
Literature Survey
Methodology 3
Results of Literature Review 4
Conclusions 6
Wind Tunnel Testing
Introduction 6
Wind Tunnel Facility 6
Wind Tunnel Model 6
Test Set-up 7
Test Matrix 8
Wind Tunnel Test Results 8
Configurational Differences Between the VPM M14 and
M16 Variants 15
Concluding Remarks 15
Development of a High Fidelity Gyroplane Simulation
Aims 43
Background 43
A Description of the RASCAL Model 44
Configuring the RASCAL Model to Represent a Gyroplane 46
Results from the Mathematical Model 48
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CAA Paper 2009/02 The Aerodynamics of Gyroplanes
Flight Testing
Background 54
Flight Test Procedures and Techniques 55
Instrumentation 56
Conduct of Flight Trials 58
Processing of Recorded Data 60
Sample Flight Test Results 60
Model Validation
Methodology 73
Results 74
Discussion 77
Parametric Studies of Configurational Effects
Mass Variation (Figures 7.1 – 7.3) 93
Vertical c.g. (Figures 7.4–7.6) 94
Longitudinal c.g. Variation (Figures 7.7–7.9) 95
Rotor Mast Height (Figures 7.10–7.12) 95
Propeller Hub Height (Figures 7.13–7.15) 95
Pod on/Pod off (Figures 7.16–7.18) 95
Tailplane (Figure 7.19–7.21) 96
Pod and Tailplane On/Off Figures 7.22–7.24) 97
Blade Section (Figures 7.25–7.27) 97
Disc Loading (Figures 7.28–7.30) 97
Spindle Offset (Figures 7.31–7.33) 98
Environmental Parameters - Density Altitude (Figures 7.34–7.39) 98
Concluding Remarks 98
Review of BCAR Section T
Inroduction 151
Background 151
Analysis 152
Comparison between VPM M16 and Montgomerie-Parsons 155
Analysis of BCAR Section T Chordal Balance Requirement 156
Discussion 156
Assessment of Rotor Blade Torsion Effects
Introduction 159
Background 159
Modelling 160
Results 160
Discussion 160
August 2010 Contents Page 2