The Advent Project: The Later Seventh-Century Creation of the Roman Mass Proper

483 Pages·2000·2.06 MB·English

by  James W. McKinnon

The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous contribution to this
book provided by the following individuals and organizations:
John M. and Jola Anderson
Frank A. Campini Foundation
Eldorado Foundation
David B. Gold Foundation
William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Patricia S. Dinner
and by the General Endowment Fund of the University of California Press.
The Advent Project
Nave showing the schola cantorum, San Clemente (12th century, with earlier
materials), Rome.
The Advent Project
The Later-Seventh-Century Creation
of the Roman Mass Proper
james mckinnon
University of California Press
berkeley los angeles london
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
© 2000 by the Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
McKinnon, James W., 1932–.
The Advent project : the later-seventh-century creation of the Roman
Mass proper /
James McKinnon.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn0-520-22198-2 (alk. paper)
1. Mass (Music)—500–1400. 2. Propers (Music)—500–1400—
History and criticism. 3. Chants (Plain, Gregorian, etc.)—History
and criticism. 4. Church music—Catholic Church—500–1400.
I. Title.
ml3088.m35 2000
782.32(cid:1)35(cid:1)094563209021—dc21 99-056492
cip
mn
Manufactured in the United States of America
09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The paper used in this publication is both acid-free and totally chlorine-
free (TCF). The paper used in this publication meets the minimum
requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992(R 1997) (Permanence of
(cid:1)(cid:2)
Paper).
This novice’s volume is dedicated to Helmut Hucke,
Michel Huglo, David Hughes and Kenneth Levy, giants
on whose shoulders I presume to stand.

Contents
List of Tables ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
i: the prehistory
1. The First Centuries 19
2. The Later Fourth Century 35
3. Centuries of Silence: Gaul 60
4. Centuries of Silence: Rome and England 77
ii: the seventh-century roman background
5. Sacramentary, Lectionary and Antiphoner 101
6. Dating the Mass Proper I: Advent and the Thursdays
in Lent 125
7. Dating the Mass Proper II: The Sanctorale 154
iii: the advent project
8. The Introit 195
9. The Gradual 222
10. The Alleluia 249
11. The Tract 280
12. The Offertory 298
13. The Communion 326
14. The Creation of the Roman Mass Proper 356
Epilogue: The Central Question of Gregorian Chant 375
Notes 405
Works Cited 445
Index 455

Tables
1. Gregorian and PI-type gospels compared 114
2. Roman and Frankish Lenten introits 126
3. Roman and Frankish Advent-Christmas introits 130
4. Lenten Thursday communions 134
5. Roman Advent-Christmas communions 138
6. Roman Ember Day introits and communions 143
7. Roman Ember Day graduals and offertories 145
8. Advent in seventh-century Roman liturgical books 148
9. Advent Sunday stations in chant books 152
10. Roman Paschaltime sanctorale (comparison of
liturgical books) 159
11. The Roman sanctorale 160
12. Unique sanctoral chants in Vat lat 5319 174
13. The four seventh-century Marian feasts 182
14. Melodic formulas in Roman Paschaltime introits 203
15. Roman Advent-Christmas introits 209
16. Roman temporal Paschaltime introits 211
17. Post-Pentecostal introits, Roman and Gregorian 212
18. Roman Advent-Christmas graduals 232
19. The gradual responds of the Psalter of St-Germain-des-Prés 237
20. Post-Pentecostal graduals 242
ix