Textbook of Pleural Diseases (Hodder Arnold Publication) - 2nd edition

673 Pages·2008·12.09 MB·English

by  Richard W Light

Textbook of Pleural Diseases
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Textbook of Pleural
Diseases
Second edition
Richard W Light MD FCCP
Professor of Medicine
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee, USA
and
YC Gary Lee MBChB PhD FRACP FCCP
Consultant Chest Physician and Senior Lecturer
Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;
Research Team Leader
Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, London, UK; and
Honorary Associate Professor
University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
First published in Great Britain in 2003 by Arnold
This second edition published in 2008 by
Hodder Arnold, an imprint of Hodder Education, an Hachette UK Company
338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH
www.hoddereducation.com
©2008 Hodder & Stoughton Ltd
All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law,
this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any
form, or by any means with prior permission in writing of the publishers
or in the case of reprographic production in accordance with the terms of
licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. In the United Kingdom
such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: Saffron
House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS.
Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true
and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the author[s] nor the
publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or
omissions that may be made. In particular (but without limiting the
generality of the preceding disclaimer) every effort has been made to
check drug dosages; however it is still possible that errors have been
missed. Furthermore, dosage schedules are constantly being revised and
new side-effects recognized. For these reasons the reader is strongly
urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions before
administering any of the drugs recommended in this book.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978 0 340 94017 4
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Commissioning Editor: Philip Shaw
Project Editor: Amy Mulick
Production Controller: Karen Tate
Cover Designer: Andrew Campling
Typeset in 10 on 12pt Minion by Phoenix Photosetting, Chatham, Kent
Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books group
What do you think about this book? Or any other Hodder Arnold
title? Please send your comments to www.hoddereducation.com
Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Glossary xvii
Reference annotations xxi
The color plate section appears between pages 298 and 299
1 Pleural disease: historic perspective 1
Gian Franco Tassi and Gian Pietro Marchetti
PART ONE: BASIC SCIENCE
2 Anatomy of the pleura 13
Najib M Rahman and Nai-San Wang†
3 Mesothelial cells 27
Marie-Claude Jaurand and Jocelyne Fleury-Feith
4 Normal physiological fluid and cellular contents 39
Marc Noppen
5 Physiology: fluid and solute exchange in normal physiological states 43
V Courtney Broaddus
6 Physiology: changes with pleural effusion and pneumothorax 49
Richard W Light
7 Pleural inflammation and infection 59
Veena B Antony and Brendan Bellew
8 Immunology 71
Nicola A Wilson, Steven Mutsaers and YC Gary Lee
9 Pleural fibrosis 101
Sreerama Shetty, Joseph John and Steven Idell
10 Pleural reaction to mineral dusts 113
Jaume Ferrer, José Garcia-Valero and Juan F Montes
11 Genetic alterations in mesothelioma pathogenesis 125
Joseph R Testa and Suresh C Jhanwar
12 Proteomics in pleural disease 135
Joost Hegmans and Bart Lambrecht
13 Pleural pharmacokinetics 151
Aryun Kim, Blair Capitano and Charles H Nightingale
14 Experimental models: pleural disease other than mesothelioma 169
Georgios T Stathopoulos and YC Gary Lee
15 Experimental models: mesothelioma 187
Delia Nelson and Bruce WS Robinson
vi Contents
PART TWO: CLINICAL SCIENCE
16 Approach to patients with pleural diseases 201
Steven Sahn
17 Pleural fluid analysis 209
Steven Sahn and John E Heffner
18 Pleural manometry 227
David Feller-Kopman and Armin Ernst
19 Radiology: diagnostic 233
Fergus V Gleeson
20 Radiology: interventional 259
Edith M Marom, Jeremy J Erasmus and Edward F Patz
21 Radiology: pleural ultrasound 271
Coenraad FN Koegelenberg, Chris T Bolliger and Andreas Diacon
22 Pathology: histology 285
Timothy C Allen and Philip T Cagle
23 Pathology: cytology 293
Mark R Wick
EFFUSIONS
24 Effusions from cardiac diseases 315
Gary T Kinasewitz and Kellie R Jones
25 Effusions from malignancy 323
Francisco Rodriguez-Panadero
26 Effusions from infections: parapneumonic effusions and empyema 341
Najib M Rahman and Robert JO Davies
27 Effusions from infections: tuberculosis 367
Esteban Pérez-Rodriguez and Richard W Light
28 Effusions from infections: atypical infections 379
Lisete R Teixeira and Francisco S Vargas
29 Effusions from lymphatic disruptions 389
Gunnar Hillerdal
30 Effusions from vascular causes 397
José M Porcel and Richard W Light
31 Effusions in immunocompromised hosts 409
Bekele Afessa and John J Mullon
32 Effusions from connective tissue diseases 421
Demosthenes Bouros and Dimitris A Vassilakis
33 Effusions caused by drugs 431
Ioannis Kalomenidis
34 Effusions after surgery 445
Oner Dikensoy and Richard W Light
35 Hepatic hydrothorax 455
José Castellote and Xavier Xiol
36 Effusions caused by gastrointestinal disease 465
Charlie Strange
37 Effusions of obstetric or gynecological origin 473
Richard W Light
38 Benign fibrous tumor of the pleura 483
Marc de Perrot
39 Undiagnosed pleural effusions 491
Nick A Maskell
ASBESTOS-RELATED DISEASES
40 Asbestos-related pleural diseases 499
A William Musk and Nicholas H de Klerk
Contents vii
41 Malignant mesothelioma 507
Bruce WS Robinson
PNEUMOTHORAX
42 Spontaneous pneumothorax 515
Andrew C Miller
43 Non-spontaneous pneumothorax 533
Michael H Baumann
PEDIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
44 Pediatric pleural diseases 545
Elizabeth A Perkett and Paul E Moore
INTERVENTION PROCEDURES
45 Drainage techniques 551
Henri Colt
46 Pleurodesis 569
Helen E Davies and YC Gary Lee
47 Medical thoracoscopy 583
Robert Loddenkemper
48 Surgery for pleural diseases 599
David A Waller and Antonio E Martin-Ucar
49 Gene therapy in pleural diseases 613
Steven M Albelda and Daniel H Sterman
CONCLUSION
50 Future directions 621
YC Gary Lee and Richard W Light
Index 629
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Contributors
Bekele Afessa Henri Colt
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California,
College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA Orange, CA, USA
Steven M Albelda Helen E Davies
Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford, UK
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center,
Robert JO Davies
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe
Timothy C Allen Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Center
Nicholas H de Klerk
at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia,
Veena B Antony Australia
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine,
Marc de Perrot
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of
Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Michael H Baumann
Andreas H Diacon
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of
Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
Brendan F Bellew
Oner Dikensoy
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine,
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gaziantep University
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of
Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Jeremy J Erasmus
Chris T Bolliger
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of
USA
Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
Armin Ernst
Demosthenes Bouros
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Pneumonology, University Hospital of
Alexandroupolis, Alexandropoulis, Greece David Feller-Kopman
Interventional Pulmonology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore,
V Courtney Broaddus
MD, USA
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco General
Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Jaume Ferrer
Respiratory Department, Hospital General Vall d’Hebron,
Philip T Cagle
Barcelona, Spain
Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA Jocelyne Fleury-Feith
INSERM, Paris, France
Blair Capitano
Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Jose Garcia Valero
Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Departament de Biologia Cellular, Universitat de Barcelona,
Barcelona, Spain
Jose Castellote
Servicio Aparato Dipestivo, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona,
Spain