Table Of ContentMicrobial Zoonoses
Subhash Chandra Parija
Abhijit Chaudhury Editors
Textbook
of Parasitic
Zoonoses
Microbial Zoonoses
SeriesEditor
SubhashChandraParija,SriBalajiVidyapeeth,ADeemed-to-be-University,
Pondicherry,India
The series on Microbial Zoonoses provides a holistic overview of various
zoonoticpathogensincludingparasitic,fungal,bacterial,andviral.Theindi-
vidual volume provides conceptual knowledge and recent advancements on
the various aspects of these pathogens, infectious disease caused by these
organisms,controlstrategies,andtheirpublichealthimportance.
This book series discusses the pathogen life-cycle, disease spectrum and
their impact on human health, modern diagnostic methods, treatment, host-
pathogen interactions, and the importance of public health control measures
includingprophylacticmeasuresinhumanandanimalhosts.
Specialemphasisonthisseriesisontheimmunologicalresponsetothese
pathogens, molecular epidemiology, and genomics, novel diagnostic
techniques,andantimicrobialresistanceinzoonoticpathogens.
Each book consists of two parts. Part A incorporates section which deals
withchaptersonthenomenclatureofparasitesandclassificationofzoonoses,
life-cycleoftheorganism,pathogenesis,pathology,diagnosis,epidemiology,
andtheirclinicalmanifestations.
Part B of the book includes chapters that summarize the host-pathogen
interactions,theimmunologicalresponseofthehost,newvaccines,andnovel
treatment regimens against the pathogens. It also discusses strategies for
controlandpreventionofmicrobialzoonoses.
Given itsscope, theindividualbooksin thisbook series are ofinterest to
professionals, scientists, and postgraduate students in medicine, veterinary
medicine,publichealth,anddiagnosticlaboratories.
Subhash Chandra Parija (cid:129)
Abhijit Chaudhury
Editors
Textbook of Parasitic
Zoonoses
Editors
SubhashChandraParija AbhijitChaudhury
SriBalajiVidyapeethUniversity DepartmentofMicrobiology
Pondicherry,India SriVenkateswaraInstituteofMedical
Sciences
Tirupati,AndhraPradesh,India
ISSN2662-5288 ISSN2662-5296 (electronic)
MicrobialZoonoses
ISBN978-981-16-7203-3 ISBN978-981-16-7204-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7204-0
#SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2022
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TheSupremePowerWhohasWilledandgivenustheStrengthto
take up this work
To my wife Ms Jyotirmayee Parija for selfless support
my mother Late Smt Nishamani Parija
my father Late Shri Managovinda Parija, and
my sister-in-law Late Smt Satyabhama Parija for
their blessings.
Also to my professional colleagues and
mentors for their guidance
-Subhash Chandra Parija
To my wife Oiendrilla for her support and encouragement
my mother Late Smt Manjari Chaudhury and
my father Late Dr Prashanta Kumar Chaudhury for their
blessings
-Abhijit Chaudhury
Foreword
Research and studies in the field of parasitology was at one time of global
quality in India at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. It was of the
same standard as that of London, Liverpool, Hamburg, and Amsterdam
schools.ItdevelopedinsomeinstituteslikeCentralDrugResearchInstitute,
IICB, some of the ICMR specialized institutes like RMRI, Patna, centres in
Bhuvaneshwar, Puducherry, and Madurai, and National Institute of Malaria
ResearchinDelhi.ItalsoemergedincertainacademicinstitutessuchasPGI,
Chandigarh,whereafull-fledgedDepartmentofParasitologywasestablished.
TherewerealsocentresinJIPMER,Puducherry,Sher-e-KashmirInstitutein
Srinagar, Banaras Hindu University, and Aligarh Muslim University. It was
also scattered as some specialized centres established in TIFR, National
Institute of Immunology, Jaipur University, ICGEB, etc. The Indian Society
for Parasitology was also established to foster the subject. However, a good
comprehensivecompendiumwasnotavailableparticularly,whensomeofthe
majorprogrammesdealwiththissubjectinnationalandglobalpriorities.One
of the major victories was elimination of Dracunculus medinensis. Big suc-
cesswasobservedintheeliminationofleishmaniasisandrapideliminationof
filariasis, bringing down the malaria burden to one-third as well as signifi-
cantlybringingdownthesoiltransmittedhelminthiasisburden.Vectorcontrol
also gotbigfillipas someof theviruses suchasdengue,chikungunya,zika,
yellowfever,andJapaneseBencephalitisalsohadsurgesinIndia.The“One
Health” concept has been adopted by WHO where human, animal, and
environment are taken as a single entity to address these zoonotic diseases.
Against this backdrop, Prof. SC Parija and Prof. Abhijit Chaudhury have
come out with a multi-author textbook on Parasitic Zoonoses in which they
havetriedtoputunderonecoveralmostalltheparasiticdiseasesofhumansof
animalorigin.
Professors Parija and Chaudhury have undertaken a daunting task in
editing a multi-author textbook with more than 60 chapters, which they
have safely steered to its destination with admirable result. This book will
definitely occupy a very prominent place among the practising human and
animalparasitologistsandwill serve asanadvancedtextbook for students. I
havefullconfidencethatthisbookrepresents yetanotherimportantaddition
totheparasitologyliteratureandfillthevacuumofagoodreferencebook.
Thisbookdealswiththelatestintheseareasandwillbeusefulforstudents,
researchers, and teachers. This book should be revised from time to time so
vii
viii Foreword
that it could incorporate major new findings. Wishing this book all the
success.
IndianCouncilforMedicalResearch(ICMR), N.K.Ganguly
NewDelhi,India
Preface
Humaninteractionwithanimalsintheformofhuntingforfoodstartedmore
than 1.5 million years ago when the modern humans appeared. Then in the
latePleistoceneera,15,000yearsback,andevenbeforehumanshavestarted
cultivation, they domesticated the dog. This dependence of humanity on the
animals of diverse origin has offset a process of transfer of microorganisms
fromtheseanimalstohumansresultingininfectionsinthelatter.Nowonder
thehistoryofzoonotichumandiseasesdatesbacktoantiquity.
Parasitic diseases in humans are a major public health problem in Asian,
African, and South American continents, and with measurable presence in
Europe,NorthAmerica,andAustralia.Thevastmajorityoftheparasitosesare
linked directly or indirectly to the animal populations, leading to a scenario
thatmostofthehumanparasiticdiseasesarezoonoticinnature.Industrializa-
tionandpopulationburdenhavetakenaheavytollonthenaturaleco-systems
of the globe, where humans are venturing into unexplored animal territories
by expanding the cities, destroying the forests, building dams, etc. for their
personaluseandthusdisturbingthefloraandfaunaofaregion.Thesehuman
activities have resulted in many parasites crossing the boundary into human
domain and an increase in emerging and re-emerging parasitic zoonoses
caused by so-called strict animal pathogens. Increased global connectivity
hasfurtherfacilitatedinspreadingthesepathogensfromtheiruniqueecologic
nichetovirginareaswithsimilarenvironment.Manipulationofanimalsinthe
food stock enterprises for better and higher yields by diverse measures has
resulted in altered microbiota in these animals. This has contributed to
parasites travelling beyond the boundary and posing a threat to mankind. In
essence, it is the human activities including the human behaviour that have
alsocontributedimmenselytothedisseminationoftheanimalpathogensand
zoonoticdiseasestoalargeextent.
A textbook incorporating the latest information where the chapters are a
healthybalanceofareviewarticleandastandardtextbookistheneedofthe
hour.ItisenvisagedthattheTextbookofParasiticZoonoseswillbeusefulfor
anybody, cutting across the disciplines and interested in zoonotic parasitic
diseases. The book aims to provide necessary understanding of zoonotic
parasitic diseases for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in addi-
tiontofaculties,publichealthexperts,scientists,andadministratorsacrossthe
disciplines of medical sciences, veterinary sciences, public health sciences,
andmanyotheralliedhealthsciences.
ix
x Preface
We wholeheartedly thank all our contributors who have chipped in this
project.OurpublisherSpringerNaturehasshownatrackrecordofexecuting
theprojectsundertakenbythechiefeditoreverytimewithadifferentflavour.
We hope this book will also have an international readership, across all the
continents, for those who are interested in knowing and understanding para-
siticzoonoses.
Pondicherry,India SubhashChandraParija
Tirupati,India AbhijitChaudhury
