Table Of ContentTextbook of Neural Repair
and Rehabilitation
–
Volume II Medical Neurorehabilitation
SecondEdition
Textbook of Neural Repair
and Rehabilitation
–
Volume II Medical Neurorehabilitation
SecondEdition
Edited by
MichaelE.Selzer
Director,ShrinersHospitalsPediatricResearchCenterandProfessorofNeurology,
TempleUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Philadelphia,PA,USA
StephanieClarke
ProfessorandHeadofNeuropsychologyandNeurorehabilitation,
ServicedeNeuropsychologieetdeNeuroréhabilitation,CHUV,Lausanne,Switzerland
LeonardoG.Cohen
ChiefoftheHumanCorticalPhysiologySectionandtheStrokeRehabilitationClinic,
NationalInstituteofNeurologicDisordersandStroke,NationalInstitutesofHealth,Bethesda,MD,USA
GertKwakkel
ProfessorinNeurorehabilitation,DepartmentofRehabilitationMedicine,
VUUniversityMedicalCenter,Amsterdam,theNetherlands
RobertH.Miller
Professor,DepartmentofNeurosciences,
CaseWesternReserveUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Cleveland,OH,USA
UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom
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©CambridgeUniversityPress2014
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Firstpublished2006
Secondedition2014
PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd.Padstow
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AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
Textbookofneuralrepairandrehabilitation/[editedby]
MichaelE.Selzer,StephanieClarke,LeonardoG.Cohen,GertKwakkel,
RobertH.Miller.
p.;cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferences.
ISBN978-1-107-01047-5(set)–ISBN978-1-107-01167-0(v.1)–
ISBN978-1-107-01168-7(v.2)
I.Selzer,MichaelE.,editorofcompilation.II.Clarke,Stephanie,editorof
compilation.III.Cohen,LeonardoG.,editorofcompilation.IV.Kwakkel,
Gert(Professor),editorofcompilation.V.Miller,RobertH.(Professor),
editorofcompilation.
[DNLM:1.NerveRegeneration.2.NeuronalPlasticity.3.CentralNervous
SystemDiseases–rehabilitation.4.NeuralProstheses.5.Trauma,Nervous
System–rehabilitation.WL102]
QP363.3
573.805384–dc23 2013027045
ISBN–2VolumeSet978-1-107-01047-5Hardback
ISBN–VolumeI978-1-107-01167-0Hardback
ISBN–VolumeII978-1-107-01168-7Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto
inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch
websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
..............................................................................................
Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurateand
up-to-dateinformationwhichisinaccordwithacceptedstandardsand
practiceatthetimeofpublication.Althoughcasehistoriesaredrawnfrom
actualcases,everyefforthasbeenmadetodisguisetheidentitiesofthe
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fromerror,notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsareconstantlychanging
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resultingfromtheuseofmaterialcontainedinthisbook.Readersare
stronglyadvisedtopaycarefulattentiontoinformationprovidedbythe
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–
Contents (Volume I Neural Repair and Plasticity)
Contributor affiliations ix
Preface xvii
Introduction to Neural Repair and Rehabilitation xviii
Section 1 – Neural plasticity: cellular and 10. Plasticityin auditory functions 125
Josef P. Rauschecker
molecular mechanisms of neural
11. Cross-modal plasticity in the visual system 140
plasticity
KrishnankuttySathian
1. Degenerativechangesandreactivegrowthresponses
ofneuronsfollowingdenervationandaxotomy: –
Section 3 Plasticity after injury to the central
historicalconceptsandtheirmodernembodiments 1
OswaldSteward nervous system
2. Learningand memory: basic principles and 12. The role of extracellular matrixin plasticity
model systems 22 in the spinal cord 155
KimberlyM. Christian, Andrew M. Poulos,and
Melissa R. Andrews,Difei Wang,Chin Lik Tan,
RichardF. Thompson
and James W.Fawcett
3. Short-term plasticity: facilitation, augmentation, 13. Spinalplasticity underlyingthe recovery
potentiation, anddepression 36 of locomotion after injury 166
GavrielDavid andEllen Barrett
Serge Rossignol, Brian J.Schmidt, and
4. Long-term potentiationand long-term Larry M. Jordan
depression 50 14. Cellularmechanismsofplasticityafterbrainlesions 196
Gareth Thomas and RichardL. Huganir
S.Thomas Carmichael
5. Cellularandmolecularmechanismsofassociativeand 15. Pathophysiology andplasticity in cerebral palsy 211
nonassociative learning 63
Wenbin Deng and Frances E. Jensen
John H. Byrne,Diasinou Fioravante, and
Evangelos G. Antzoulatos 16. Noninvasive brainstimulationin cognitive
rehabilitation: guiding plasticity after injury to the
– centralnervous system 218
Section 2 Functional plasticity in the central
Anna-Katharine Brem, JaredC.Horvath, and
nervous system Alvaro Pascual-Leone
6. Plasticityof matureand developing somatosensory 17. From bench to bedside: influenceof theories
systems 75 of plasticity onhuman neurorehabilitation 240
Jon H. Kaas and Hui-Xin Qi Agnes Floel and Leonardo G. Cohen
7. Activity-dependent plasticity in the intact
spinal cord 83 Section 4 – Neural repair: basic cellular and
Jonathan R. Wolpaw and Aiko K.Thompson
molecular processes
8. Plasticityof cerebral motor functions: implications
for repair and rehabilitation 99 18. Neuronal death andrescue: neurotrophic factors and
RandolphJ. Nudo anti-apoptotic mechanisms 255
ThomasW. Gould andCarolMilligan
9. Plasticityin visualconnections:retinal ganglion
cell axonal development andregeneration 114 19. Axon degeneration and rescue 274
Martin Munz, Edward S.Ruthazer,and Kurt Haas Erika Timar and AhmetHöke
v
Contents
20. Adult neurogenesis andneuralprecursors, 32. Dysfunction and recovery in demyelinated and
progenitors, and stem cells in the adult central dysmyelinated axons 457
nervous system 283 Stephen G.Waxman
Jeffrey D. Macklis and Gerd Kempermann
33. Role ofSchwanncells in peripheral nerve
21. Axon guidanceduringdevelopment and regeneration 472
regeneration 301 Young-Jin Son andWesleyJ. Thompson
Simon W. Moore and Timothy E. Kennedy
34. Transplantation of Schwann cells andolfactory
22. Synaptogenesis 317 ensheathing cells as a therapeutic strategy in spinal
Matthew S. Kayser and Matthew B.Dalva cord injury 496
Jeffery D. Kocsis and Mary Bartlett Bunge
Section 5 – Determinants of regeneration 35. Trophicfactor delivery bygene therapy 514
Christopher Trimbyand GeorgeM. Smith
in the injured nervous system
36. Assessment of sensorimotor functionafter
23. Non-mammalian models ofnerveregeneration 329 experimental spinal cord injury andrepair 529
Jennifer Morgan and Michael Shifman Michael S.Beattie and Jacqueline C.Bresnahan
24. Myelin-associated axon growth inhibitors 339
–
Binhai Zheng and Karim Fouad Section 7 Translational research: application
25. Inhibitors ofaxonal regeneration 349 to human neural injury
Marco Domeniconi, Tim Spencer, and Marie T. Filbin
37. Biomimetic design of neural prostheses 541
26. Glial development andaxon regeneration 367
Joseph J. Pancrazioand P. HunterPeckham
Robert H. Miller
38. Brain responses to neural prostheses 554
27. Effectsof the glial scar and extracellular matrix
Jeffrey R. Capadona and Paul D. Marasco
moleculeson axon regeneration 376
39. Brain–computer interfaces 565
Himanshu Sharma, Bradley Lang, and Jerry Silver
Jonathan R. Wolpaw and Chadwick B.Boulay
28. The role of the inflammatory response incentral
nervous system injury and regeneration 392 40. Intracranial brain–computer interfacesfor
communicationand control 577
Charbel E-H. Moussa
Beata Jarosiewicz and Leigh R. Hochberg
29. Neurotrophin repair of spinal cord damage 400
41. Stem cell therapies for brain disorders 586
Vanessa S.Boyce,Joel M. Levine, and Lorne M.Mendell
LianhuaBai,Brandon Delia, Jordan Hecker, and
30. Intraneuronaldeterminantsofaxonregeneration 413
Robert H. Miller
Toby A. Ferguson, Michael E. Selzer, and ZhigangHe
42. Understandingmotor recovery andcompensation
in neurorehabilitation 599
–
Section 6 Promotion of regeneration in the MindyF. Levin
injured nervous system
31. Cellular replacement in spinal cord injury 435
Joseph F. Bonner, AngeloC. Lepore,MahendraS. Rao, Index 609
and Itzhak Fischer See color plate section in between pages 328 and 329.
vi
Contents (Volume II – Medical Neurorehabilitation)
Contributor affiliations ix
Preface xvii
Introduction to Neural Repair and Rehabilitation xviii
Section 1 – Technology of neurorehabilitation: 12. Functionalelectrical stimulation
in neurorehabilitation 120
outcome measurement and
Peter H. Gorman and P. HunterPeckham
diagnostic technology
13. Peripheral nervestimulation 135
1. Clinicaltrials inneurorehabilitation 1 LeonardoG. Cohen andAdriana B. Conforto
Bruce H.Dobkin 14. Brain stimulation 141
2. Understandingthe mechanismsunderlying recovery Friedhelm C.Hummel andPablo Celnik
after stroke 7 15. Assistivedevices 150
Gert Kwakkel,FloorE. Buma, andMichael E. Selzer William C.Mann and Glenn S.Le Prell
3. Genetics in neurorehabilitation 25 16. Wheelchair design andseating technology 161
Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop and Steven C.Cramer Rory A. Cooper, RosemarieCooper, Michael L.
4. Outcomes measurement: basic principles and Boninger,Tasia Bobish, LauraMcClure,
applications in stroke rehabilitation 35 Annmarie Kelleher, andTamara L. Pelleshi
Carol L. Richards, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, and 17. Rehabilitation robotics,orthotics, andprosthetics
Francine Malouin for the upper extremity 177
5. Human voluntary motor controlanddysfunction 51 HermanoI. Krebs, Glauco A. P. Caurin,and
LinamaraBattistella
Catherine E. Lang and Marc H. Schieber
18. Rehabilitation robotics,orthotics, andprosthetics:
6. Assessments, interventions, andoutcome measures
lower limb 190
for walking 61
Jan Mehrholz and Marcus Pohl
Bruce H.Dobkin
19. Virtual reality applications in
7. Clinicalpathways 70
neurorehabilitation 198
ThomasPlatz
Patrice L. (Tamar) Weiss, Rachel Kizony,Uri Feintuch,
8. Electromyography in neurorehabilitation 77 Debbie Rand,andNoomi Katz
AmparoGutierrez and Austin J. Sumner
20. Communication devices 219
9. Functionalneuroimaging 84 SheelaStuartand Beth Mineo
Nick S. Ward andRichard S.J. Frackowiak
21. Requirementsfor valid clinical trials 231
John D. Steeves
–
Section 2 Therapeutic technology
22. Spinalcordinjury:mechanisms,cellularand
10. Evolving insightsinto motor learningand their molecular therapies, and human
implications for neurorehabilitation 95 translation 242
Peter J.Beek andMelvyn Roerdink Erna A. van Niekerk and Mark H. Tuszynski
11. Balancetraining 105 23. Motor neuroprosthetics 253
Margaret Mak andFay B. Horak Dejan B.Popovićand Thomas Sinkjær
vii
Contents
Section 3 – Organization of rehabilitation 37. Apraxia 447
ThomasPlatz
services
38. Unilateral neglect and anosognosia 463
24. Neurorehabilitative interventions in the acute stage
StephanieClarke and Claire Bindschaedler
of diseases 261
Heinrich Binder 39. Memorydysfunction 478
Jonathan J. Evans
25. The rehabilitationteamand the economics
of neurological rehabilitation 278 40. Neurorehabilitation ofexecutive functions 489
RichardD. Zorowitz and Anthony B. Ward Gary R. Turner andMark D’Esposito
41. Rehabilitation ofvisual field impairment 500
Section 4 – Symptom-specific neurorehabilitation: Arash Sahraie and Ceri T. Trevethan
sensory and motor dysfunctions
–
Section 7 Disease-specific neurorehabilitation
26. Chronic pain 289
systems
Herta Florand Frank Andrasik
27. Loss ofsomatic sensation 298 42. Rehabilitation ofdementia 509
LeeanneM. Carey MijailD.Serruya,CatherineVerrierPiersol,TraceyVause
Earland,and KeithM. Robinson
28. Management of deforming spastic paresis 312
Nicolas Bayle and Jean-Michel Gracies 43. Traumatic brain injury 535
Maulik Purohit, Seth Herman,and Ross D.Zafonte
29. Contemporary concepts in upper extremity
rehabilitation 330 44. Neurorehabilitation inepilepsy 550
Aimee Reiss,Sarah Blanton,and Steven L.Wolf AndresM. Kanner
30. Gait disorders andrehabilitation 343 45. Parkinson’s disease andothermovement
Volker Dietz disorders 567
Michael Jöbges, Georg Ebersbach, and JörgWissel
31. Balancefunction anddysfunction and the
vestibular system 355 46. Predictingactivities afterstroke 585
C.D. Hall and Susan J. Herdman GertKwakkel,BoudewijnJ.Kollen,andJohnW.Krakauer
32. Deconditioningand energy expenditure 367 47. Evidence-basedbenefit of rehabilitation after
MarilynMacKay-Lyons stroke 601
Robert W. Teasell andRicardo Viana
Section 5 – Vegetative and autonomic 48. Rehabilitation inspinalcordinjury 615
Diana D. CardenasandArmin Curt
dysfunctions
49. Multiple sclerosis 637
33. Acute neurorehabilitation for disorders of Serafin Beer, Fary Khan, and Jürg Kesselring
consciousness 385
50. Neuromuscular rehabilitation: diseasesofthe motor
TheresaPape
neuron, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction,
34. Plasticityin the neuralpathways for swallowing: role and the muscle 655
in rehabilitation of dysphagia 405 Helmar C.Lehmann, Hubertus Köller, and
John C. Rosenbek Hans-Peter Hartung
35. Autonomic dysfunction 415
Christopher J. Mathiasand David A. Low
Index 674
– See color plate section in between pages 360 and 361.
Section 6 Cognitive rehabilitation
36. Rehabilitation for aphasia 437
StefanoF. Cappa,Ana Inés Ansaldo,and Edith Durand
viii
Contributor affiliations
Frank Andrasik Peter J.Beek
Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human
Memphis, TN, USA Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam,
the Netherlands
MelissaR. Andrews
Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Serafin Beer
Cambridge, UK Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation,
Rehabilitation Center, Valens, Switzerland
Ana Inés Ansaldo
Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de HeinrichBinder
Montréal et Departement d’Orthophonie et d’Audiologie,
Department of Neurology, Otto Wagner Hospital,
Faculté de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal,
Vienna, Austria
QC, Canada
Claire Bindschaedler
Evangelos G.Antzoulatos
Service de neuropsychologie et de neuroréhabilitation,
DepartmentofNeurobiology,Physiology,andBehavior,Center
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois,
forNeuroscience,UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,CA,USA
Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
Lianhua Bai
Sarah Blanton
Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University,
Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University,
Atlanta, GA, USA
Cleveland, OH, USA
Tasia Bobish
Ellen Barrett
University of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare
Department of Physiology & Biophysics and Neuroscience
System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Program, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine,
Miami, FL, USA MichaelL. Boninger
University of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare
Linamara Battistella
System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Joseph F.Bonner
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
Nicolas Bayle
University of California at Irvine,
Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Laboratoire de Biomécanique,
Irvine, CA, USA
and Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC) and AP-HP,
Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Chadwick B.Boulay
Unité de Neurorééducation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Laboratory of Neural Injury and Repair,
Mondor, Créteil, Paris, France Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health,
Albany, NY, USA
MichaelS. Beattie
Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Vanessa S. Boyce
Department of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior,
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
ix
