Table Of Contentmebooksfree.com
Textbook of
Clinical Embryology
mebooksfree.com
This page intentionally left blank
mebooksfree.com
Textbook of
Clinical Embryology
Second Edition
Vishram Singh, mbbs, ms, phd(hc), micps, fasi, fimsa
Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy
Santosh Medical College
Member Academic Council and Core Committee, PhD Course
Santosh University, Ghaziabad, NCR, Delhi
Editor-in-chief, Journal of the Anatomical Society of India
Examiner in National and International Universities; Member, Editorial Board
Indian Journal of Otology; Journal of Anatomy and Cell Biology
Ex-Vice President, Anatomical Society of India
Medicolegal Advisor, ICPS, India
Consulting Editor, ABI, North Carolina, USA
Associate Editor, Acta Medica International
Member, COPE (England & Wales)
Formerly at: GSVM Medical College, Kanpur
King George’s Medical College, Lucknow
Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi (Libya)
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
mebooksfree.com
RELX India Pvt. Ltd.
Registered Office: 818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Building, 21, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi 110 001
Corporate Office: 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase II, Gurgaon-122 002, Haryana, India
Textbook of Clinical Embryology, 2nd Edition, Vishram Singh
Copyright © 2017 by RELX India Pvt. Ltd. Prior Edition Copyright © 2012 by Reed Elsevier India Private Limited
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-81-312-4882-9
eISBN: 978-81-312-4937-6
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies
and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency,
can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than
as may be noted herein).
Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our
understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using
any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods
they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a profes-
sional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most
current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be
administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contra-
indications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their
patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take
all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liabil-
ity for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of product liability, negligence or otherwise,
or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publi-
cation does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made
of it by its manufacturer.
Please consult full prescribing information before issuing prescription for any product mentioned in this
publication.
Manager–Content Strategy: Renu Rawat
Content Strategist: Arvind Koul
Product Manager–E Clinical and Medical Education: Smruti Snigdha
Sr Project Manager–Education Solutions: Shabina Nasim
Sr Content Development Specialist: Goldy Bhatnagar
Project Manager: Nayagi Athmanathan
Sr Operations Manager: Sunil Kumar
Sr Production Executive: Ravinder Sharma
Sr Graphic Designer: Milind Majgaonkar
Typeset by GW India
Printed in India by
mebooksfree.com
Dedicated to
My Parents
Late Smt Ganga Devi Singh
and
Late Shri HR Singh an ever guiding force in my life
My Wife
Late Smt Manorama Rani Singh for her unending support and
cooperation of my pursuits
mebooksfree.com
This page intentionally left blank
mebooksfree.com
Preface to the Second Edition
It gives me great pleasure to present second edition of Textbook of Clinical Embryology, which is widely used not only by the
undergraduate students but also by the postgraduate students of anatomy, pediatrics, and obstetrics and gynecology. The
popularity of this book reflects the appeal of its concept building approach and easy to understand language. This approach
has also been retained in this edition with unique problem-solving approach and its utility in highlighting the embryo-
logical basis of clinical problems. Based on a large number of suggestions, criticisms and comments received from the
VS-Chapstert-06u.inddd 7e1nts and fellow academicians, the text has been extensively 6r/21e/20v12i 3s:5e0:0d9 PM for further improvement of the book.
In this edition new features such as learning objectives, facts to remember, new line diagrams, tables, and flowcharts have
been included to further enhance the utility of this book. In addition, at the end of each chapter the summary of timing of
events is given for easy recall. Most of the diagrams are completely revised and redrawn for easy understanding and repro-
ducibility in the exam by the students. The topics on fertilization, gametogenesis, extraembryonic membranes, heart and
blood vessels, urogenital system and sensory organs have been thoroughly revised in detail due to high incidence of con-
genital problems associated with these systems.
In addition, complimentary access to online animations, chapter-wise image bank along with complete e-book is also pro-
vided.
I sincerely hope that the readers will find this edition more interesting and useful than the previous one. I would love to
get fair comments, good or bad, both from students and teachers.
“Providing good teaching material or its source and inspiring the students for learning is the real contribution of a teacher.”
Vishram Singh
mebooksfree.com
This page intentionally left blank
mebooksfree.com
Preface to the First Edition
Textbook of Clinical Embryology has been carefully planned for the first year medical and dental students. It follows the revised
anatomy curriculum of the Medical Council of India. Following the current trends of clinically oriented study of Anatomy,
I have adopted a parallel approach of imparting basic embryological knowledge to students and simultaneously providing
them its applied aspects.
To help students score high in examinations the text is written in simple language. It is arranged in easily understandable
VS-Chapter-06.indd 71 6/21/2012 3:50:09 PM
small sections. While embryological details of little clinical relevance, phylogenetic discussions, and comparative analogies
have been either omitted or described in brief, all clinically important topics are described in detail. Because of increasingly
significant role of molecular biology and genetics in embryology and study of birth defects, the basic molecular and genetic
principles are discussed throughout the text. In addition, a separate chapter on medical genetics has been added. The tables
and flowcharts given in the book summarize important and complex information into digestible knowledge capsules.
Multiple choice questions have been given chapter-by-chapter at the end of the book to test the level of understanding and
memory recall of the students. The numerous simple four-color illustrations and clinical photographs further assist in fast
comprehension and retention of complicated information. All the illustrations are drawn by the author himself to ensure accuracy.
Throughout the preparation of this book one thing I have kept in mind is that thorough knowledge of embryology is
required by Clinicians, especially Gynecologists, Pediatricians, and Pediatric Surgeons for physical examination, prenatal
diagnostic tests, and surgical procedures. Therefore, embryological events relevant to prenatal diagnostic and surgical
procedures are clinically correlated throughout the text. Further, patient-oriented problems and their embryological and
genetic basis are presented at the end of each chapter for problem-based learning so that the students could use their
embryological knowledge in clinical situations. Moreover, keeping in mind the relevance of embryological knowledge
in day-to-day clinical practice, a separate chapter on developmental events during the entire period of gestation and their
application in clinical practice is given at the end of the book.
I pay my heartfelt tribute to all the authors of various embryology books, especially Developing Human: Clinically Oriented
Embryology, 8th edition by Keith L Moore and TVN Persaud, which I have consulted during the preparation of this book.
From Developing Human and few other books, some photographs have been used in this book after obtaining due permission
from concerned authorities (please refer to page 331 for Figure Credits).
As a teacher, I have tried my best to make the book easy to understand and interesting to read. For further improvement
of this book, I would greatly welcome comments and suggestions from the readers. All these comments and suggestions
can be e-mailed at [email protected] and [email protected].
‘Mind perceives new ideas best only when put to test.’
Vishram Singh
mebooksfree.com
