Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 3658
EditedbyJ.G.CarbonellandJ.Siekmann
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Václav Matoušek Pavel Mautner
Tomáš Pavelka (Eds.)
Text, Speech
and Dialogue
8th International Conference, TSD 2005
KarlovyVary,CzechRepublic,September12-15,2005
Proceedings
1 3
SeriesEditors
JaimeG.Carbonell,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JörgSiekmann,UniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany
VolumeEditors
VáclavMatoušek
PavelMautner
TomášPavelka
UniversityofWestBohemiainPilsen
DepartmentofComputerScience
Univerzitni8,30614Plzen,CzechRepublic
E-mail:{matousek,mautner,tpavelka}@kiv.zcu.cz
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2005931927
CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.2.7,I.2,H.3,H.4,I.7
ISSN 0302-9743
ISBN-10 3-540-28789-2SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
ISBN-13 978-3-540-28789-6SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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Preface
TheInternationalConferenceTSD2005,the8theventintheseriesonText,Speech,and
Dialogue, which originated in 1998, presented state-of-the-art technology and recent
achievementsinthefieldofnaturallanguageprocessing.Itdeclareditsintenttobean
interdisciplinaryforum,intertwiningresearchinspeechandlanguageprocessingwith
its applicationsin everydaypractice.We feelthat the mixtureof differentapproaches
and applications offered a great opportunityto get acquainted with the current activ-
ities in all aspects of languagecommunicationand to witness the amazing vitality of
researchersfromdevelopingcountriestoo.ThefinancialsupportoftheISCA(Interna-
tionalSpeechCommunicationAssociation)enabledthewideattendanceofresearchers
fromallactiveregionsoftheworld.
Thisyear’sconferencewaspartiallyorientedtowardsmulti-modalhuman-computer
interaction(HCI),whichcanbeseenasthemostattractivetopicofHCIatthepresent
time. Inthisway,weare involvedin a richcomplexof communicativeactivity,facial
expressions,handgestures,directionofgaze,tonamebutthemostobviousones.The
interpretationofeachuserutterancedependsonthecontext,prosody,facialexpressions
(e.g.browsraised,browsandgazebothraised)andgestures.Hearershavetoadaptto
thespeaker(e.g.maintainingthethemeoftheconversation,smilingetc.).Researchinto
the interactionof these channelsis howeverlimited, oftenfocusingon the interaction
betweenapairofchannels.Sixsignificantscientificresultsachievedinthisareainthe
USA, Japan, Switzerland, Germany, The Netherlands, and the Czech Republic were
presentedbykeynotespeakersinspecialplenarysessions.Further,approx.35%ofall
submittedpapersandtheirpresentationswereorientedtowardsmulti-modalinteraction
aswell.
This volume contains a collection of all the papers presented at the international
conferenceorganizedbytheFacultyofAppliedSciencesoftheUniversityofWestBo-
hemia in Pilsen in collaborationwith the Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University
inBrno,andheldintheworld-famousspatownKarlovyVary (WestBohemia,Czech
Republic), September 12–16, 2005. Theoretical and more general contributions were
presented in common (plenary) sessions. Problem oriented sessions as well as panel
discussionsthenbroughttogetherthespecialistsinlimitedproblemareaswiththeaim
of exchangingthe knowledge and skills resulting from research projects of all kinds.
Each of the submitted paperswas thoroughlyreviewedby three membersof the con-
ference reviewing team consisting of more than 40 top specialists in the conference
topicareas.Atotalof52acceptedpapersoutof134submitted,altogethercontributed
by131authorsandco-authors,wereselectedforpresentationattheconferencebythe
programcommitteeandthenincludedinthisbook.
Wewouldliketogratefullythanktheinvitedspeakersandtheauthorsofthepapers
fortheirvaluablecontributionsandtheISCAforitsfinancialsupport.Lastbutnotleast,
wewouldliketoexpressourgratitudetotheauthorsforprovidingtheirpapersontime,
to the members of the conference reviewing team and program committee for their
carefulreviewsandpaperselection,totheeditorsfortheirhardworkinpreparingthis
volume,andtothemembersofthelocalorganizingcommitteefortheirenthusiasmin
organizingtheconference.
June2005 Va´clavMatousˇek
Organization
TSD 2005wasorganizedbytheFacultyofAppliedSciences,UniversityofWestBo-
hemiainPlzenˇ (Pilsen),incooperationwiththeFacultyofInformatics,MasarykUni-
versityinBrno,CzechRepublic.TheconferenceWeb–pageislocatedatURL:
http://www.kiv.zcu.cz/events/tsd2005/.
ProgramCommittee
FrederickJelinek (USA), generalchair
HynekHeˇrmansky´ (Switzerland), executivechair
EnekoAgirre (Spain)
Genevie`veBaudoin (France)
JanCˇernocky´ (CzechRepublic)
AttilaFerencz (Romania)
AlexanderGelbukh (Mexico)
EvaHajicˇova´ (CzechRepublic)
JaroslavaHlava´cˇova´ (CzechRepublic)
EduardHovy (USA)
IvanKopecˇek (CzechRepublic)
StevenKrauwer (TheNetherlands)
RameshKrishnamurthy (UK)
CvetanaKrstev (Serbia)
Va´clavMatousˇek (CzechRepublic)
ChaficMokbel (Lebanon)
ElmarNo¨th (Germany)
KarelOliva (Austria)
KarelPala (CzechRepublic)
NikolaPavesˇic´, (Slovenia)
Vladim´ırPetkevicˇ (CzechRepublic)
FabioPianesi (Italy)
JosefPsutka (CzechRepublic)
JamesPustejovsky (USA)
Le´onJ.M.Rothkrantz (TheNetherlands)
ErnstGu¨nterSchukat-Talamazzini (Germany)
PavelSkrelin (Russia)
PavelSmrzˇ (CzechRepublic)
TarasVintsiuk (Ukraine)
YorickWilks (UK)
VictorZacharov (Russia)
VIII Organization
Local Organizing Committee
Va´clav Matousˇek(chair),David Andrsˇ,Milan Bera´nek, KamilEksˇtein,Jana Hesova´,
SvatavaKindlova´,JanaKlecˇkova´,MiloslavKonop´ık,JanaKrutisˇova´,Toma´sˇMarsˇa´lek,
Pavel Mautner, Michal Merta, Roman Moucˇek, Helena Pta´cˇkova´ (secretary), Toma´sˇ
Pavelka,PavelSlav´ık
Supportedby: InternationalSpeechCommunicationAssociation (ISCA)
About Karlovy Vary
KarlovyVary(Carlsbad)isthelargestandbest-knownspaintheCzechRepublic.The
townislocatednotfarfromtheCzech-Germanborder.ThedistancebetweenKarlovy
VaryandPrague,theCzechcapital,is125km.Thealtitudeofthetownis370mabove
sealevelandsurroundinghillsreachupto644m.Theclimateisfoothills.Thetownhas
55,000inhabitants.Thearchitectureandthedesignofthisspacityarecloselyconnected
withthefunctionofthiscityofsprings.Thecityor,moreprecisely,thecity’sspacentre,
whichisthemostattractivepartfromthevisitors’pointofview,issituatedaroundthe
meanderingTepla´ River.Theriverhasbeencuttingthroughthehillylandscapefullof
forestsandothervegetationsinceancienttimes.
The oldest recordsof the settlement of this area go back roughly to the mid-14th
century,whenthevalleyaroundHotSpringbegantobesettledonacontinuousbasis.
Thewrittenhistoryofthespacitybeganon14August1370whenCharlesIVgranted
the existingsettlementfreedomsand rightsenjoyedbythe nearbyroyalcity ofLoket
atthattime.TheprivilegedstatusofKarlovyVaryasaspaisshownbyagreatnumber
ofgrantedprivilegesconfirmedbytheBohemianrulersonanongoingbasisuntil1858.
TheKarlovyVaryspa consistedin particularofbathsfromthe MiddleAgesuntilthe
late 16th century. Drinking the waters started to gain ground at the suggestion of the
doctorVa´clavPayerwhopublishedhisfirstexpertbookontheKarlovyVaryspatreat-
mentinLeipzigin1522.Inhisbook,herecommendedthermalwaterdrinkingbesides
takingbaths.ThelocaldoctorsMichaelReudeniusandJohannStephanStrobelberger
becameotherenthusiasticpromotersofdrinkingthewatersinKarlovyVaryafter1600.
TheinitialGothicandRenaissancetown,later bearingthe imprintofthe Baroque
style,wasseriouslydamagedbytwolargefiresin1604and1759.Thefollowingstage
of development, placed in the time period from the beginning to the first half of the
19thcentury,wasoverriddenbytheperiodofurbanandarchitecturaldevelopmentof
thesettlementthatfollowedafterwards.ThebuildingsintheClassicist,Empire,Rococo
orBiedermaierstylesthatwereoutdatedornotcorrespondingto thenewspiritofthe
time were graduallycleared to make space for the developmentsthat already had the
parametersrequiredforexistenceinabynowworld-famousspa.Thisperiodfallsinto
thelastthirdofthe19thcenturyandcontinuesintothebeginningofthe20thcentury.
Buildings,structures,parks,foresttrailsandotheramenitiesoftheurbanenvironment
thatwerecomingintoexistenceinthisspanoftimegivethefacetothemodernKarlovy
Vary,aswell. Forthisreason,thecity spacentreis admiredfortheunitybutnotuni-
formityofitsstyleandarchitecture.Uniformityiseliminatedasthearchitectureofthe
cityisimbuedwiththespiritofhistoricism,eclecticismandArtNouveau.
KarlovyVaryisacityofcolonnades.Thebest-knowncolonnade,whicheveryspa
visitorissuretosee,istheHotSpringColonnade.Overthetimeofthecity’sexistence,
it has changed its appearance several times. The original wooden garden-house over
HotSpringitselfandthewoodentroughsacrosstheTepla´riverdistributingthethermal
watertoseparatehousesinTrzˇisˇteˇ vanishedlongago.Thefineanddelicatecolonnade
intheEmpirestylehasdisappearedaswell.Alsotheimposingcolonnadeofcastiron
X AboutKarlovyVary
was removedthanksto the secondworldwar. The presentcolonnadeconformsto the
timewhenitwaserected.Theglassbodyofthemassivecolonnadeoftoday,muchtoo
robustandnotreallymatchingthedelicateenvironmentofthespa,isawaitingageneral
renovationthatistotakeplaceshortly.Itshouldconvertthecolonnadeintoatempleof
health,correspondingtothelocalatmosphere.TheMillColonnadeshouldbedeclared
asparamounttoalloftheothersinthecity.NoneotherthanJosefZ´ıtek,therenowned
architectoftheNeo-Renaissancestyle,isitsauthor.Itisastructurefeaturingthemain
three-bay hall spatially zoned with Corinthian columns bearing the panel ceiling of
the main terrace. Roughly in the middle, the hall is widened with a semicircle niche
servingasanorchestrapit.ThecentralpartsofthecolonnadeareemphasizedbyZ´ıtek’s
pavilion,partlyusedasaspacafe´.Theterraceoverthepavilionandtheterracereferred
toabovearefloodlitandusedasaspapromenade.Anothercolonnade,soinseparable
from the local colour of Karlovy Vary, is the Market Colonnade. It was constructed
in1883inplaceoftheformertownhall.Immediatelyaftertheerection,thecolonnade
wasextendedtoformastreetfrontagewithsmallshopsdesignedinasimilarstyle.Both
ofthestructuresarelinked,constructedofwood,andtheirarchitecturalimpressionis
clearlythatofaspa.
KarlovyVarycanbeproudofitsextraordinaryrichculturaltradition.Itiscausedin
particularbycenturies-oldvisitstothespacity.Everyvisitor,notonlythefamousones,
hasbeenanassetandvaluabletestimonialforKarlovyVary.Thatiswhytheinhabitants
ofKarlovyVaryhavealwaysrespectedtheirguestsverymuchandhavetriedtomake
theirspastaypleasantineverywaypossible.ThespasocietymeetinginKarlovyVary
has been gaining in international character since the early 18th century. Besides the
aristocracy,theEuropeanculturedelitehavelikedtostayclosetotheThermalSpring.
Visits of celebrities are a traditional speciality of Karlovy Vary and have had a great
impactonandhaveenrichedthecity’shistory.KarlovyVaryhasbeenpopularinpar-
ticularamongcelebritiesfromtheworldsofmusic,literatureandpoetry.Makingalist
offamousguestsofKarlovyVaryaccordingtotheirpopularityattheThermalSpring,
we shouldplaceJohannWolfgangGoethe,a Germanpoet,first, andthe Russian czar
Peter the Great undoubtedly second. Both of the men went down in the cultural his-
toryofKarlovyVaryinaverysignificantmanner.TheirstayinthemostfamousCzech
spaiscommemoratedbydozensofmemorialplaques,monuments,books,storiesand
legends.
Karlovy Vary has not only its spa centre, but also surrounding satellite quarters
graduallyaffiliatedtotheoriginalhistoricalcentre.Similartoothertownsinthecountry,
thesedistrictsprovidehousingformostofthepopulationinamoreorlesssuccessful
way.Also,manufacturingfacilitiesandservicesareconcentratedthere.Moserglassand
Karlovarska´ Becherovka(38% alcohol, 10% sugar,known as “the 13th spring”),are
thetraditionalspecialtiesofKarlovyVary.TheKarlovyVaryInternationalFilmFestival
annuallypresentsmorethan200categoryAfilmsfromthewholeworld.Thelast,the
40thInternationalFilm Festival,was organizedJuly1–9,2005andattendedbymany
world-famousfilmstars.
Table of Contents
Invited Talks
LanguageModelingExperimentswithRandomForests ..................... 1
FrederickJelinek
TheRoleofSpeechinMultimodalHuman-ComputerInteraction ............. 2
HynekHermansky,PetrFousek,andMikkoLehtonen
WhyIstheRecognitionofSpontaneousSpeechsoHard?.................... 9
SadaokiFurui,MasanobuNakamura,TomohisaIchiba,andKojiIwano
OntheAcousticComponentsinMultimediaPresentations................... 23
KlausFellbaumandBettinaKetzmerick
FusingDataStreamsinContinuousAudio-VisualSpeechRecognition ......... 33
LeonJ.M.Rothkrantz,JacekC.Wojdeł,andPascalWiggers
SpeechBasedUserInterfaceforUserswithSpecialNeeds................... 45
PavelSlav´ık,VladislavNeˇmec,andAdamJ.Sporka
Text
AutomaticConstructionofaValencyLexiconofCzechAdjectives ............ 56
Drahom´ıra“Johanka”Dolezˇalova´
WebTranscribe–AnExtensibleWeb-BasedSpeechAnnotationFramework..... 61
ChristophDraxler
LearningSyntacticPatternsUsingBoosting
andOtherClassifierCombinationSchemas ............................... 69
Andra´sHo´cza,La´szlo´ Felfo¨ldi,andAndra´sKocsor
TextClassificationwithTournamentMethods ............................. 77
LouiseGuthrie,WeiLiu,andYunqingXia
NewMeta-grammarConstructsinCzechLanguageParsersynt.............. 85
AlesˇHora´kandVladim´ırKadlec
AnaphorainCzech:LargeDataandExperiments
withAutomaticAnaphoraResolution ................................... 93
LucieKucˇova´ andZdeneˇkZˇabokrtsky´
XII TableofContents
ValencyLexiconofCzechVerbsVALLEX:RecentExperiments
withFrameDisambiguation ........................................... 99
Marke´taLopatkova´,OndrˇejBojar,Jirˇ´ıSemecky´,Va´clavaBenesˇova´,
andZdeneˇkZˇabokrtsky´
AARLISS–AnAlgorithmforAnaphoraResolution
inLong-DistanceInterSententialScenarios............................... 107
MiroslavMartinovic,AnthonyCurley,andJohnGaskins
DetectionandCorrectionofMalapropismsinSpanish
byMeansofInternetSearch........................................... 115
IgorA.Bolshakov,SofiaN.Galicia-Haro,andAlexanderGelbukh
TheSzegedTreebank ................................................ 123
Do´raCsendes,Ja´nosCsirik,TiborGyimo´thy,andAndra´sKocsor
AutomaticLemmatizerConstructionwithFocusonOOVWordsLemmatization . 132
JakubKanisandLudeˇkMu¨ller
ModelingSyntaxofFreeWord-OrderLanguages:
DependencyAnalysisbyReduction .................................... 140
Marke´taLopatkova´,MartinPla´tek,andVladislavKubonˇ
MorphologicalMeaningsinthePragueDependencyTreebank2.0 ............ 148
MagdaRaz´ımova´ andZdeneˇkZˇabokrtsky´
AutomaticAcquisitionofaSlovakLexiconfromaRawCorpus .............. 156
BenoˆıtSagot
EquilibriumPointsofSingle-LayeredNeuralNetworkswithFeedback
andApplicationsintheAnalysisofTextDocuments........................ 164
AlexanderShmelevandVyacheslavAvdeychik
ASyntaxandSemanticsLinkingAlgorithmfortheChineseLanguage ......... 171
ZhouQiangandDangZhengfa
FuzzyInformationRetrievalIndexedbyConceptIdentification ............... 179
Bo-YeongKang,Dae-WonKim,andHae-JungKim
AThemeAllocationforaSentenceBasedonHeadDrivenPatterns............ 187
Bo-YeongKangandSung-HyonMyaeng
Speech
AHybridApproachtoStatisticalLanguageModeling
withMultilayerPerceptronsandUnigrams ............................... 195
FernandoBlat,Mar´ıaJose´ Castro,SalvadorTortajada,
andJoanAndreuSa´nchez
