Testosterone : action, deficiency, substitution

591 Pages·2012·14.02 MB·English

by  E Nieschlag

F o u r t h E d i t i o n
N
Professor Eberhard Nieschlag Now in its fourth edition, testosterone: Action, deficiency,
i
is Emeritus and former Director e
Substitution provides the most up-to-date and comprehen- as
of the Centre for Reproductive nc
sive source of information on testosterone and its role in dh
Medicine and Andrology at the l
Na
University of Münster, Germany. human physiology and pathology. It covers biosynthesis and ig
e, Testosterone
mechanisms of action, and reviews their effects on brain and s b
c
Professor Hermann M. behre he
behaviour, spermatogenesis, hair growth, bones, muscles, lh
is Director of the Center for ar
erythropoiesis, the cardiovascular system and the prostate. ge
Reproductive Medicine and
Andrology of the University The therapeutic uses of testosterone preparations are care-
of Halle, Germany.
fully evaluated as well as its abuse and detection in competi-
T
F Action | deficiency | Substitution
tive sport. This new edition also devotes sections to explor-
oe
ing the effects of testosterone on female physiology and u
s
r
sexual function, and the experimental use of testosterone in tt
male hormonal contraception. H o EditEd by
E
testosterone: Action, deficiency, Substitution has been s
d Eberhard Nieschlag
written and edited by world experts in the fields of clinical it
t
e
andrology and endocrinology, and provides a unique and i Hermann M. behre
o
r
invaluable guide for andrologists, endocrinologists, urolo- N
o
Associate Editor
gists, internists and those working in reproductive medicine.
n
Susan Nieschlag
e

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CoVEr dESiGN: SuE WAtSoN
NIESCHLAG: TESTOSTERONE PPC CMYBLK
Testosterone
Action, Deficiency, Substitution
Fourth Edition

Testosterone
Action, Deficiency, Substitution
Fourth Edition
Edited by
Eberhard Nieschlag
EmeritusProfessorandformerDirector,CenterforReproductiveMedicineandAndrology,UniversityofMünster,Germany
Hermann M. Behre
Director,CenterforReproductiveMedicineandAndrologyoftheUniversity,Halle,Germany
Associate Editor
Susan Nieschlag
CenterforReproductiveMedicineandAndrology,UniversityofMünster,Germany
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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©CambridgeUniversityPress2004,2012
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Thirdeditionpublished2004
Fourtheditionpublished2012
PrintedandiBoundiintheUnitedKingdombyitheMPGiBooksiGroup
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Testosterone:action,deficiency,substitution/editedby
EberhardNieschlag,HermannM.Behre;associateeditor,
SusanNieschlag.–4thed.
p.; cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-107-01290-5(Hardback)
I. Nieschlag,E. II. Behre,H.M.(HermannM.),1961–
III. Nieschlag,S.(Susan)
[DNLM: 1. Testosterone–therapeuticuse. 2. Testosterone–physi-
ology. WJ875]
615.3066–dc23
2011049739
ISBN978-1-107-01290-5Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
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Contents
List of contributors vii
Preface xi
11 Testosterone,obesity, diabetes and the
1 The medical and cultural history of
metabolicsyndrome 235
testosterone and the testes 1
T.HughJones and Kevin S.Channer
EberhardNieschlag and Susan Nieschlag
12 Testosterone and erection 251
2 Testosterone:biosynthesis,transport,
MarioMaggi andHermann M. Behre
metabolism and (non-genomic)actions 15
C.Marc Luetjens andGerhard F.Weinbauer 13 Testosterone and the prostate 268
John T.Isaacs andSamuelR.Denmeade
3 Pathophysiology of the androgen
receptor 33 14 Clinicaluse of testosterone in hypogonadism
Olaf Hiort,Ralf Werner, andMichael Zitzmann and other conditions 292
EberhardNieschlag and Hermann M. Behre
4 Methodology for measuring testosterone,
dihydrotestosteroneand sex hormone- 15 Testosterone preparations for clinical use
bindingglobulin in aclinical setting 60 in males 309
Manuela Simoni,Flaminia Fanelli, Laura Roli, HermannM. Behre and EberhardNieschlag
and Uberto Pagotto
16 Androgens in male senescence 336
5 The behavioral correlatesof testosterone 87 Jean-Marc Kaufman,GuyT’Sjoen, and
John Bancroft Alex Vermeulen
6 The role of testosterone in 17 Androgentherapyinnon-gonadaldisease 372
spermatogenesis 123
David J. Handelsman
Liza O’Donnell and Robert I. McLachlan
18 Review of guidelines on diagnosisand
7 Androgens and hair:a biologicalparadox treatment of testosterone deficiency 408
with clinical consequences 154
Ronald S.Swerdloff and ChristinaC. L. Wang
Valerie Anne Randall
19 Pathophysiologyofestrogenactionin
8 Testosterone and bone 177 men 421
Dirk Vanderschueren, Mieke Sinnesael, Vincenzo Rochira,Daniele Santi, and
Evelien Gielen,Frank Claessens,and Cesare Carani
Steven Boonen
20 Dehydroepiandrosteroneand
9 Androgeneffectsontheskeletalmuscle 191 androstenedione 437
ShalenderBhasin, Ravi Jasuja,Carlo Serra, BrunoAllolio,WiebkeArlt,andStefanieHahner
Rajan Singh,Thomas W. Storer, Wen Guo,
21 The state-of-the-artin the development of
ThomasG. Travison, and ShezadBasaria
selectiveandrogenreceptormodulators 459
10 Testosteroneandcardiovasculardisease 207
Ravi Jasuja, Mikhail N.Zacharov,and
Kevin S.Channerand T.Hugh Jones ShalenderBhasin
v
Contents
22 Theessentialroleoftestosteroneinhormonal 25 Sequelae ofdoping with anabolic
male contraception 470 steroids 535
Eberhard Nieschlag andHermann M. Behre Elena Vorona and EberhardNieschlag
23 Testosterone use in women 494
Susan R.Davis
24 Detection of illegal use ofandrogens and
Index 547
selectiveandrogenreceptormodulators 517
Color plate section between pages 244 and245
Wilhelm Schänzer and MarioThevis
vi
Contributors
Bruno Allolio Frank Claessens
Department of Medicine I, University of Würzburg, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology,
Würzburg, Germany Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
WiebkeArlt
Division of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology Susan R. Davis
and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Women’sHealthResearchProgram,SchoolofPublic
Birmingham, UK Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of
Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash
John Bancroft University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender,
SamuelR. Denmeade
and Reproduction, Indiana University,
Bloomington, IN, USA Johns Hopkins University, Department of Oncology,
Baltimore, MD, USA
ShezadBasaria
FlaminiaFanelli
Boston University School of Medicine,
Endocrinology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital,
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition,
Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
EvelienGielen
Hermann M. Behre
Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department
Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven,
of the University, Halle, Germany
Leuven, Belgium
Shalender Bhasin
Wen Guo
Boston University School of Medicine, Section
Boston University School of Medicine,
of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition,
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition,
Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Steven Boonen
Stefanie Hahner
Gerontology and Geriatrics Section, Department of
Department of Medicine I, University of Würzburg,
Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven,
Würzburg, Germany
Leuven, Belgium
David J. Handelsman
Cesare Carani
ANZAC Research Institute and Department of
Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Andrology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney,
Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Modena, Italy
Olaf Hiort
Kevin S.Channer Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and
Sheffield Hallam University and Royal Hallamshire Diabetology, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine,
Hospital, Sheffield, UK University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
vii
Listofcontributors
John T. Isaacs Vincenzo Rochira
The Johns Hopkins University, Oncology Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural
Baltimore, MD, USA Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,
Modena, Italy
RaviJasuja
Boston University School of Medicine, Laura Roli
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Pathology,
Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
T.HughJones
Daniele Santi
Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and
Department of Biomedical,
Endocrinology, Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation
Metabolic and Neural Sciences,
Trust, Barnsley, and Department of Human
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,
Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Modena, Italy
Jean-MarcKaufman
Wilhelm Schänzer
Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University
Institute of Biochemistry,
Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Center for Preventive Doping Research,
C.MarcLuetjens German Sports University Cologne,
Cologne, Germany
Division of Research and Safety Assessment,
Covance Laboratories GmbH, Münster, Germany
CarloSerra
Mario Maggi Boston University School of Medicine,
Unità di Andrologia, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition,
Clinica, Florence, Italy Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Robert I. McLachlan Manuela Simoni
Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural
Clayton, Victoria, Australia Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,
Modena, Italy
Eberhard Nieschlag
Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Rajan Singh
University of Münster, Münster, Germany Boston University School of Medicine,
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition,
Susan Nieschlag
Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology,
University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Mieke Sinnesael
LizaO’Donnell Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology Section,
Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,
KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Uberto Pagotto Thomas W.Storer
Endocrinology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Boston University School of Medicine,
Alma Mater University of Bologna, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition,
Bologna, Italy Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Valerie Anne Randall Ronald S. Swerdloff
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine/Endocrinology,
University of Bradford, Bradford, UK Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
viii
Listofcontributors
Mario Thevis Elena Vorona
Institute of Biochemistry, University Clinics of Münster, Clinic for
Center for Preventive Doping Research, Transplantation Medicine, Münster, Germany
German Sports University Cologne, Cologne,
Christina C. L.Wang
Germany
UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute,
Thomas G. Travison Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles
Boston University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Gerhard F.Weinbauer
Nutrition, Boston Medical Center,
Covance Laboratories GmbH, Münster, Germany
Boston, MA, USA
Ralf Werner
Guy T’Sjoen
Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University
Department of Paediatrics, University of Lübeck,
Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Lübeck, Germany
Dirk Vanderschueren
Mikhail N.Zacharov
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology Section,
Boston University School of Medicine,
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition,
KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Alex Vermeulen MichaelZitzmann
Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology,
Hospital, Ghent, Belgium University of Münster, Münster, Germany
ix