Testing Adhesive Joints, Best Practices

463 Pages·2012·4.6 MB·English

Editedby
LucasF.M.daSilva,DavidA.Dillard,
BamberBlackman,andRobertD.Adams
TestingAdhesiveJoints
RelatedTitles
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ISBN:978-3-527-32014-1 ISBN:978-3-527-31263-4
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ISBN:978-0-471-80874-9
2009
ISBN:978-3-527-31898-8
Edited by Lucas F.M. da Silva, David A. Dillard,
Bamber Blackman, and Robert D. Adams
Testing Adhesive Joints
Best Practices
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DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthat
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ImperialCollegeLondon Bibliographicinformationpublishedby
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V
Contents
AbouttheEditors XXI
ListofContributors XXIII
1 ManufactureofQualitySpecimens 1
1.1 PreparingBulkSpecimensbyHydrostaticPressure 1
LucasF.M.daSilva
1.1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.2 Principle 2
1.1.3 MetallicMold 3
1.1.4 SiliconeFrame 4
1.1.5 AdhesiveApplication 6
1.1.6 Cure 7
1.1.7 SpecimenMachining 7
1.1.8 Results 7
1.2 PreparingBulkSpecimensbyInjection 8
StefanosGiannis
1.2.1 Introduction 8
1.2.2 Mold 9
1.2.3 Centrifuge 10
1.2.4 Cure 11
1.2.5 FinalSpecimenPreparationandTesting 11
1.3 PreparingBulkSpecimensbyPouring 12
RobertD.Adams
1.3.1 Introduction 12
1.3.2 NatureofAdhesivesSupplied 13
1.3.3 Mixing 13
1.3.4 Pouring 14
VI Contents
1.3.5 EffectofSize 14
1.3.6 SpecimenProduction 14
1.4 PreparingLapJointswithFlatAdherends 15
LucasF.M.daSilva
1.4.1 Introduction 15
1.4.2 Mold 15
1.4.3 SubstratePreparationandMounting 16
1.4.4 AdhesiveApplicationandAssembly 18
1.4.5 Cure 21
1.4.6 SpecimenCleaning 21
1.5 SimpleMethodsforthePreparationofSingleLapJointsSpecimens 22
EdoardoNicoli
1.5.1 Introduction 22
1.5.2 SingleLapJoint(SLJ)Specimens 22
1.5.3 TraditionalMethodsforSLJBonding 23
1.5.4 TheIdeaforaNewFixtureforSLJBonding 23
1.5.5 TheFixture 24
1.6 PreparingThickAdherendShearTestSpecimens 26
LucasF.M.daSilva
1.6.1 Introduction 26
1.6.2 Mold 28
1.6.3 SubstratePreparation 29
1.6.4 AdhesiveApplicationandAssembly 29
1.6.5 Cure 30
1.6.6 SpecimenCleaning 30
1.7 ModifiedThickAdherendShearTest 31
Jean-YvesCognardandRomainCre´ac’hcadec
1.7.1 SpecimenGeometry 31
1.7.2 BondedSpecimenGeometry 33
1.7.3 MachiningoftheSampleswithBeaks 36
1.8 PreparingButtJoints 37
LucasF.M.daSilva,StefanosGiannis,andRobertD.Adams
1.8.1 Introduction 37
1.8.2 Mold 37
1.8.3 SubstratePreparation 38
1.8.4 AdhesiveApplicationandAssembly 39
1.8.5 Cure 40
1.8.6 SpecimenCleaning 40
1.8.7 AlternativeManufacturingMethod 40
Contents VII
1.9 PreparingNapkinRingSpecimens 42
RobertD.Adams
1.9.1 Introduction 42
1.9.2 Adherends 42
1.9.3 JointManufacture–AlignmentJig 44
1.9.4 IntroductionoftheAdhesive 45
1.9.5 FinalSpecimenPreparation 46
1.10 PreparingTJointSpecimens 46
LucasF.M.daSilvaandRobertD.Adams
1.10.1 Introduction 46
1.10.2 Mold 47
1.10.3 SubstratesPreparation 48
1.10.4 AdhesiveApplicationandAssembly 49
1.10.5 Cure 49
1.10.6 SpecimensCleaning 50
1.10.7 Results 50
1.11 PreparingFlexible-to-RigidPeelSpecimens 51
StefanosGiannis
1.11.1 Introduction 51
1.11.2 Mold 51
1.11.3 AdherendPreparation 52
1.11.4 AdhesiveApplicationandAssembly 53
1.11.5 Cure 54
1.11.6 FinalSpecimenPreparation 54
1.12 PreparingSpecimensforFractureProperties:DoubleCantileverBeam
andTaperedDoubleCantileverBeam 55
BamberR.K.Blackman
1.12.1 Introduction 55
1.12.2 BondingJigs 56
1.12.3 SpecimenDimensions 58
1.12.3.1 DCBSpecimens 58
1.12.3.2 TDCBSpecimens 58
1.12.4 SubstrateConditioningandPreparation 59
1.12.4.1 StorageandSubstrateConditioning 59
1.12.4.2 SurfacePretreatment 59
1.12.5 AdhesiveApplicationandFormingtheJoint 61
1.12.5.1 AdhesiveHandlingandApplication 61
1.12.5.2 ControlofBondlineThickness 61
1.12.5.3 IntroductionoftheInitialCrack 62
1.12.6 Cure 62
1.12.7 FinalSpecimenPreparation 62
VIII Contents
1.13 PreparingBondedWoodDoubleCantileverBeam(DCB)
Specimens 63
HitendraK.Singh,EdoardoNicoli,andCharlesE.Frazier
1.13.1 Introduction 63
1.13.2 AspectsofWoodBonding 64
1.13.3 SamplePreparation 65
1.13.3.1 WoodPreparation 65
1.13.3.2 AdhesiveTypes 66
1.13.3.3 DCBSpecimenPreparation 66
1.13.3.4 JudgingtheSampleQualitybyAdhesivePenetration 68
1.14 ModifiedArcanTest 69
Jean-YvesCognard,LaurentSohier,BernardGineste,and
RomainCre´ac’hcadec
1.14.1 TheArcan-TypeDevice 69
1.14.2 AModifiedArcanTest 70
1.14.3 InterfacesAssemblyMachine 72
1.14.4 StressDistributionintheJoint 73
References 76
2 Quasi-StaticConstitutiveandStrengthTests 79
2.1 Quasi-StaticTestingofBulkTensileSpecimens 79
LucasF.M.daSilva
2.1.1 Introduction 79
2.1.2 SpecimenGeometry 79
2.1.3 GrippingSystem 81
2.1.4 LoadandDisplacementMeasurement 81
2.1.5 TestingSpeedandEnvironmentalConditions 82
2.1.6 PropertiesDetermination 83
2.2 UniaxialandBulkCompression 85
PatriciaRoumagnacandPatrickHeuillet
2.2.1 Introduction 85
2.2.2 UniaxialCompression – ExperimentalMethods 85
2.2.2.1 RubberyandSoftMaterials 85
2.2.2.2 StifferMaterials 85
2.2.3 HydrostaticCompression – ExperimentalMethods 87
2.2.3.1 RubberyandSoftMaterials 88
2.2.3.2 StifferMaterial 89
2.2.4 HydrostaticCompression – TestingDevice 90
2.2.5 HydrostaticCompression – PressureandChangeinVolume
Measurement 91
2.2.6 HydrostaticCompression – TestingProcedure 92
Contents IX
2.2.7 HydrostaticCompression – ResultsandBulkModulus
Determination 92
2.3 Quasi-StaticTestingofBulkCompressionon
FlatSpecimens 93
LucasF.M.daSilva
2.3.1 Introduction 93
2.3.2 SpecimenGeometry 93
2.3.3 LoadingSystem 94
2.3.4 LoadandDisplacementMeasurement 96
2.3.5 TestingSpeedandEnvironmentalConditions 96
2.3.6 PropertiesDetermination 96
2.4 Iosipescu(V-NotchedBeam)Test 97
BruceDuncan
2.4.1 Introduction 97
2.4.2 TestSpecimens 97
2.4.3 TestFixtures 99
2.4.4 StrainMeasurementPrinciples 100
2.4.5 AccuracyandReliabilityoftheIosipescuMethod 103
2.5 Arcan(V-NotchedPlate)Test 104
BruceDuncan
2.5.1 Introduction 104
2.5.2 TestFixturesandSpecimens 104
2.5.3 MeasurementPrinciples 107
2.6 Quasi-StaticTestingofButtJointsinTension 113
GregoryL.Anderson
2.6.1 Introduction 113
2.6.2 SampleGeometry 114
2.6.3 SamplePreparation 116
2.6.4 SampleTesting 117
2.7 ShearPropertiesofAdhesivesMeasuredbyNapkinRingsandSolid
ButtJointsinTorsion 118
RobertD.Adams
2.7.1 Introduction 118
2.7.2 NapkinRingTest 119
2.7.3 SolidButtJoint 120
2.7.4 TestSpecimen 121
2.7.5 TorsionMachine 122
2.7.6 MeasurementofRotation 122
2.7.7 SomeTypicalResults 124
X Contents
2.8 Quasi-StaticTestingofThickAdherendShearTest
Specimens 125
LucasF.M.daSilva
2.8.1 Introduction 125
2.8.2 SpecimenGeometry 126
2.8.3 Adherends 126
2.8.4 GripingSystem 126
2.8.5 LoadandDisplacementMeasurement 127
2.8.6 TestingSpeedandEnvironmentalConditions 130
2.8.7 FailureModes 130
2.8.8 PropertiesDetermination 130
2.9 ModifiedThickAdherendShearTest 133
Jean-YvesCognardandRomainCre´ac’hcadec
2.9.1 Measurement 134
2.9.2 AnalysisofExperimentalResults 134
2.9.3 SimplifiedIdentificationMethod 136
2.9.4 InfluenceofAdhesiveThickness 137
2.9.5 BehaviorunderCyclicLoadings 138
2.9.6 ExperimentalRequests 139
2.10 Quasi-StaticTestingofLapJoints 139
LucasF.M.daSilva
2.10.1 Introduction 139
2.10.2 SpecimenGeometry 140
2.10.3 Adherends 141
2.10.4 GrippingSystem 142
2.10.5 LoadandDisplacementMeasurement 143
2.10.6 TestingSpeedandEnvironmentalConditions 144
2.10.7 FailureModes 145
2.10.8 PropertiesDetermination 146
2.11 ModifiedArcanTest 147
Jean-YvesCognard,LaurentSohier,BernardGineste,andRomain
Cre´ac’hcadec
2.11.1 Measurement 148
2.11.2 ExperimentalResults 149
2.11.3 AdhesiveBehaviorunderShearLoads 151
2.11.4 StrengthEnvelopeinTermsofStresses 153
2.11.5 DeformationoftheAdhesive 154
2.12 Pin-and-CollarTestMethod 155
JuanaAbenojar,YolandaBallesteros,JuanC.delReal,and
MiguelA.Martinez
2.12.1 Introduction 155