Test no. 109 [electronic resource] : density of liquids and solids

2012·0.15 MB·English

by  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OECD/OCDE 109
Adopted:
2October2012
OECDGUIDELINEFORTHETESTINGOFCHEMICALS
DensityofLiquidsandSolids
INTRODUCTION
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pourandtap(solid).
INITIALCONSIDERATIONS
2. Mostmethodsfordeterminingthedensityofliquidsandsolidsaretheobjectofnationaland
internationalstandardizingbodiesandarefrequentlyspecifiedbygovernmentalagencies.ThisGuideline
liststhesemethods,givingonlyaverysuccinctdescriptionofthem,andthereaderisreferredtothe
standardswhicharelistedintheappendix.SomeothermethodsmentionedintheGuidelinearetakenfrom
thescientificliterature,andagainonlysuccinctinformationisgivenonthemethods.
3. Anaerosolproductisapressurizedliquid.Thedensitymeasurementofanaerosolproductis
performedontheliquidremainingaftertheaerosolproducthasbeendepressurized.
SIGNIFICANCE
4. ThisTestGuidelineprovidesprocedurestoobtaindensityofchemicals(substancesand
mixtures).Thedatamaybeusedtoassessthemannerandextentthatchemicalsandcomponentsof
mixtureswillbetransportedintheenvironmentandlocationswheretheymaybedeposited.
DEFINITIONANDUNITS
5. Thedensity,pisthequotientofmass,m,andvolume,V,andisexpressedinSIunitsaskg/m3at
aspecifiedtemperature.Therelativedensity(D20/4,densityat20degreesCentigraderelativetowaterat4
degreesCentigrade)maybeusedtocomparedifferentchemicals.
REFERENCESUBSTANCES
6. Referencesubstances,orliquidsofknowndensity,needtobeemployedwhendeterminingthe
densityofachemicalbyoscillatingdensitometry.
©OECD,(2012)
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PRINCIPLEOFTHEMETHODS
Hydrometer(abuoyancymethodforliquids
7. Hydrometersareweightedglassfloatswhichsinkintotheliquidtoadepthdependentonthe
density.Thedensityisreadattheleveloftheliquidonacalibratedstemextendingabovetheliquid.The
dynamicviscosityoftheliquidtobeinvestigatedshouldnotexceed5Pa.s.
Hydrostaticbalance(abuoyancymethodforliquidsandsolids)
8. Thedensityofasolidisderivedfromthedifferenceinweightbetweenasampleinairandina
liquidofknowndensity(e.g.water).Thedensitythusmeasuredisonlyrepresentativeoftheparticular
sampleemployed(bulkdensity).
9. Forthedeterminationofdensityofliquids,asolidbodyofknownvolumeisweighedfirstinair
andthenwhenimmersedintheliquid.Thedynamicviscosityofliquidstobeinvestigatedshouldnot
exceed5Pa.s.
Immersedbodymethod(abuoyancymethodforliquids
T1h0.en,abAodvyesosfelkncoonwtnaivnionlgumaes(agmepnleeraollfythaeslpihqeuriedotefstapspurbosxtiamnacteeilsyp1l0accedm3onmaadebaloafncmeetaaln)d,wwehiigchhedi.s
clampedtoastandindependentfromthebalance,isimmersedintheliquid.Theactionexertedbythe
immersedbodyonthebalancecannotbedistinguishedfromthatofafreelyfloatingbodywithavolume
identicalwiththatoftheimmersedbodyandhavingthedensityofthesurroundingliquid.Thedensityof
theliquidisobtainedbydividingthegaininweightduetotheimmersionofthebodybytheknown
volumeofthebody.Themethodisapplicabletoliquidswithadynamicviscositybelow20Pa.s(3).
Pycnometer(liquidsandsolids)
a1n1d.itsvolTuhmee.deInnsitthyecisascealocfulliaqtueiddsf,rtohmetdhyenadimfifcerveinscceosiintywesihgohutldbneottwebeenabtohevefu5l0l0anPad.se.mptypycnometer
Aircomparisonpycnometer(solids
12. Thevolumeofasampleofthesolidismeasuredinairorinaninertgasinacalibratedcylinder
ofvariablevolume.Afterconcludingthevolumemeasurement,thesampleisweighed.
Oscillatingdensitometer(liquids
13. Amechanicaloscillator,constructedintheformofaU-tube,isvibratedatitsresonance
frequencywhichdependsonitsmass.Introducingasamplechangestheresonancefrequency.The
apparatusshouldbecalibratedwithtwoliquidsofknowndensity.Theliquidsshouldpreferablybechosen
suchthattheirdensitiesspantherangeintowhichtheliquidunderinvestigationfalls.Themethodis
applicabletoliquidswithadynamicviscositybelow5Pa.s.
Pourandtap(solids)
14. Aknownweightofasolidmaterialisplacedinaglassgraduated(i.e.measuring)cylinderandits
vthorlouumgehmaedaissutraendcetoofde2t5ermmmineonthaer‘upboburerdepnasdity5.0’tTihmeescy(loirntdheirsimsatyhenberapiesrefdoarnmdedalulsoiwnegdatoDrfayllSvuebrstticaanlcley
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JoltingVolumeterasdescribedinISO787/11).Thevolumeismeasuredagaintodeterminethe‘tap
density.’
TESTCONDITIONS
15. Thetestisdoneatconstanttemperature,preferablyat20°C.Duplicatemeasurementsare
required.
DESCRIPTIONOFTHEMETHODS
16. Forthetechnicaldetailsofapparatusandprocedures,thestandardslistedintheappendixshould
beconsulted.
TESTREPORT
17. Thetestreportincludesthefollowinginformation;
-methodused;
-chemicalidentityandimpurities(preliminarypurificationstep,ifany);
-estimatedaccuracy;
-resultsobtainedwiththereferencesubstanceswhenusedforcalibrationorcomparison;
-density(themeanofatleasttwomeasurementswhichareintherangeoftheestimated
accuracy);
-thedynamicviscosityofliquidstoconfirmthatthemethodchosenwasappropriateforthe
substance;
-allinformationandremarksrelevantfortheinterpretationoftheresults,especiallywithregards
toimpuritiesandphysicalstateofthesubstance.
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LITERATURE
1. CS1oe8lr6vliaBcbueolsrkaLttDidev.n:esiI(tnhytt’et'rpn:Ca/tI/iPowAnwaCwl.,mPae(sr2ts0it0co3ind).e.cAown.wauwlk.y)ctiicpaalcC.oourngci,lP,ubLltdi.ca(tCioInPsACav)ai(l2a0b0l3e),frHoamn:dMbaorosktoKn,B“oMoTk
2. UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)(2002),ProductPropertiesTestGuidelines
OPPTS830.7300“Density/RelativeDensity/BulkDensity,”EPA712-C-02-035
3. Wagenbreth, H. (1979),DieTauchkugelzurBestimmungderDichte vonFliissigkeiten,
TechnischesMessen,vol.11,427-430.
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LISTOFSTANDARDS
Hydrometer
ASTMD1298 Density,specificgravityorAPIgravityofcrudepetroleumandliquid
petroleumproductsbyhydrometermethod
BSENISO3675 Crudepetroleumandliquidpetroleumproducts.Laboratorydetermination
ofdensity.Hydrometermethod
DIN12791-1 Laboratoryglassware-densityhydrometers-Part1:generalrequirements
DIN12791-2 Laboratoryglassware-densityhydrometers,standardsizes,designators
ISO387 Hydrometers-Principlesofconstructionandadjustment
ISO649-1 Densityhydrometersforgeneralpurposes-Specification
ISO649-2 Densityhydrometersforgeneralpurposes-Testmethodsanduse
Hydrostaticbalance
forsolidsubstances
NFT20-049 Chemicalproductsforindustrialuse-Determinationofthedensityofsolids
otherthanpowdersandcellularproducts
forliquidsubstances
ASTMD1481 TestMethodforDensityandRelativeDensity(SpecificGravity)ofViscous
MaterialsbyLipkinBicapillaryPycnometer
DIN51757 Testingofmineraloilsandrelatedmaterials-determinationofdensity
ISO758 Liquidchemicalproducts,determinationofdensityat20°C
Immersedbodymethod
BSENISO2811-2Paintsandvarnishes-determinationofdensity,Part2:immersedbody
(plummet)method
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Pycnometer
ISO3507 Pyknometers
NFT20-053 Chemicalproductsforindustrialuse-Determinationofdensityofsolidsin
powderandliquids
forliquidsubstances
BS4699 Methodfordeterminationofspecificgravityanddensityofpetroleum
products(graduatedbicapillarypycnometermethod)
BSENISO3838 Methodsoftestforpetroleumanditsproducts-BS2000-189/190:crude
petroleumandliquidorsolidpetroleumproducts-determinationofdensity
or relative density - capillary-stoppered pyknometer and graduated
bicapillarypyknometermethods
DINISO3507 Laboratoryglasswarepyknometers
BSENISO2811-1 Paintsandvarnishes-determinationofdensity.Part1:pyknometermethod
ISO758 Liquidchemicalproductsforindustrialuse-Determinationofdensityat
20°C
forsolidsubstances
ISO901 Aluminum oxide primarily used for the production aluminum-
Determinationofabsolutedensity
Pourandtap
MT186 CollaborativeInternationalPesticideAnalyticalCouncil,Ltd.(CIPAC)
Handbook K “MT 186 Bulk Density” CIPAC, CIPAC (2003).
www.ciDac.ora.Publicationsavailablefrom:MarstonBookServicesLtd.:
(http://www.marston.co.uk)
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