Table Of ContentSPRINGER BRIEFS IN ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY,
DEVELOPMENT AND PEACE MIGRATION STUDIES 15
Yongyuth Chalamwong
Naruemon Thabchumpon
Supang Chantavanich Editors
Temporary Shelters
and Surrounding
Communities
Livelihood Opportunities,
the Labour Market,
Social Welfare
and Social Security
SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security,
Development and Peace
Migration Studies
Volume 15
Series editor
Hans Günter Brauch
For furthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/11825
http://www.afes-press-books.de/html/SpringerBriefs_ESDP_MiS.htm
Yongyuth Chalamwong
Naruemon Thabchumpon
Supang Chantavanich
Editors
Temporary Shelters and
Surrounding Communities
Livelihood Opportunities, the Labour Market,
Social Welfare and Social Security
123
Editors
YongyuthChalamwong SupangChantavanich
Thailand DevelopmentResearch Institute Asian Research Center forMigration
Bangkok ChulalongkornUniversity
Thailand Bangkok
Thailand
NaruemonThabchumpon
ChulalongkornUniversity
Bangkok
Thailand
ISSN 2193-3162 ISSN 2193-3170 (electronic)
ISBN 978-3-319-02788-3 ISBN 978-3-319-02789-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-02789-0
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
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(cid:2)TheAuthor(s)2014
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Other Books by the Asian Research Center
for Migration Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok, Thailand in this Book Series
Published by Springer
Suwattana Thadaniti and Supang Chantavanich (Eds.): The Impact of Displaced
People’sTemporarySheltersontheirSurroundingEnvironment.SpringerBriefsin
Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol. 16—Migration Studies
Subseries No. 3 (Cham–Heidelberg–Dordrecht–London–New York: Springer-
Verlag, 2014).
Premjai Vungsiriphisal, Dares Chusri and Supang Chantavanich (Eds.): Human-
itarianAssistanceforDisplacedPersonsfromMyanmar—RoyalThaiGovernment
Policy and Donor, INGO/NGO and UN Agency Delivery. SpringerBriefs in
Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol. 17—Migration Studies
Subseries No. 4 (Cham–Heidelberg–Dordrecht–London–New York: Springer-
Verlag, 2014).
Ben Harkins and Supang Chantavanich (Eds.) in cooperation with Nawita
Direkwut and Aungkana Kamonpetch: Resettlement of Displaced Persons on the
Thai-Myanmar Border. SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development
and Peace, vol. 18—Migration Studies Subseries No. 5 (Cham–Heidelberg–
Dordrecht–London–New York: Springer-Verlag, 2014).
v
Acknowledgments
PartIofthisbook,coveringlivelihoodopportunitiesandthelabourmarketforthe
Burmese displaced persons in Thailand, was prepared by Associate Professor
YongyuthChalamwongandhisresearchteamofThailandDevelopmentResearch
Institute. We would like to thank the following: those who agreed to be inter-
viewed and share their insights and experiences; the Royal Thai Government for
contributions by its representatives; the Asian Research Center for Migration at
ChulalongkornUniversity,specificallyDr.SupangChantavanichandherstaff,for
their contributions; the EU and EC’s Humanitarian Aid Office for the research
funding, to staff at UNDP and UN inter-agencies for their contributions; and the
othersixresearchteamsfortheircooperationandcontribution.Wehopethisstudy
will improve the livelihood opportunities of displaced persons in temporary
shelters.
TheresearchteamthatwrotePartII,focusingonsocialwelfareandsecurityin
the settlements, would like to extend its deep gratitude to all key informants who
generouslysacrificedtheirtimeandenergyandprovidedinformationcriticaltothis
research. We would also like to thank: the staff of NGOs and community-based
organisationsfortheircollaboration,notablyAideMedicaleInternationale,Karen
RefugeeCommitteeEducation Entity, International Rescue Committee,and ZOA
Refugee Care. In addition, we are grateful for the cooperation of the Royal Thai
Government, including the Ministries of Interior, Education, Public Health, and
Justice. We also acknowledge the support of the Asian Research Center for
MigrationandCenterforSocialDevelopmentStudiesatChulalongkornUniversity,
and Panisara Meepien of the Thailand Development Research Institute.
TheCo-editorswouldliketothanktheLanguageEditorGrahamBennett,thebook
series and Copy Editor PD Dr. Hans Günter Brauch, to Dr. Johanna Schwarz,
Ms. Agata Oelschlaeger, Ms. Janet Sterritt of Springer’s editorial office in
Heidelberg,GermanyandtoSpringer’sbookproductionteaminChennaiinIndia.
Last butnot least, this research would not have been possible without the kind
cooperation of the displaced persons who welcomed us into their communities,
schools,hospitals,andwarehouses.Theyeagerlysharedtheirsincerethoughtsand
experiences in the hope that this study will bring positive improvements to their
lives in Thailand. We aimed to give voice to the displaced persons and local
stakeholders; we truly hope the findings will lead to long-term, sustainable solu-
tions for the displaced persons along the Thai–Myanmar border who have been
vii
viii Acknowledgments
courageously living in limbo for so long. The lack of legal and political rights of
displaced persons should not hinder them from social rights and equal access
to social welfare and protection. We draw inspiration from Hannah Arendt
(The Perplexities of the Rights of Man: The Portable Hannah Arendt, 2000):
Not the loss of specific rights, then, but the loss of a community willing and able to
guaranteeanyrightswhatsoever,hasbeenthecalamitywhichhasbefallenever-increasing
numbersofpeople…Onlythelossofapolityitselfexpelshimfromhumanity.
Andfrom Michael Ignatieff (The Need of Strangers, 1984):
Thereisnosuchthingasloveofthehumanrace,onlytheloveofthispersonorthat,in
thistimeandnotinanyother…Theproblemisnottodefenduniversality,buttogivethese
abstractindividualsthechancetobecomereal,historicalindividualsagain,withthesocial
relationsandthepowertoprotectthemselves…Thepeoplewhohavenohomelandmust
be given ones; they cannot depend on the uncertain and fitful protection of a world
consciencedefendingthemasexamplesoftheuniversalabstractMan.
August 2013 Yongyuth Chalamwong
Naruemon Thabchumpon
Supang Chantavanich
Contents
Part I Livelihood Opportunities and the Labour Market
in the Temporary Shelters and Surrounding Communities
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Yongyuth Chalamwong, Sasithorn Archapiraj,
Songwut Promjene and Panisara Meepien
2 Research Methodology and Profile of the Shelters. . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Yongyuth Chalamwong, Sasithorn Archapiraj,
Songwut Promjene and Panisara Meepien
3 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Yongyuth Chalamwong, Sasithorn Archapiraj,
Songwut Promjene and Panisara Meepien
4 Thai Labour Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Yongyuth Chalamwong, Sasithorn Archapiraj,
Songwut Promjene and Panisara Meepien
5 Survey Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Yongyuth Chalamwong, Sasithorn Archapiraj,
Songwut Promjene and Panisara Meepien
6 Conclusion and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Yongyuth Chalamwong, Sasithorn Archapiraj,
Songwut Promjene and Panisara Meepien
Part II Social Welfare and Social Security
7 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Naruemon Thabchumpon, Bea Moraras, Jiraporn Laocharoenwong
and Wannaprapa Karom
ix
x Contents
8 Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Naruemon Thabchumpon, Bea Moraras, Jiraporn Laocharoenwong
and Wannaprapa Karom
9 Current Situation of Social Welfare and Social Security . . . . . . . 71
Naruemon Thabchumpon, Bea Moraras, Jiraporn Laocharoenwong
and Wannaprapa Karom
10 Potential Access to Thai Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Naruemon Thabchumpon, Bea Moraras, Jiraporn Laocharoenwong
and Wannaprapa Karom
11 Conclusion and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Naruemon Thabchumpon, Bea Moraras, Jiraporn Laocharoenwong
and Wannaprapa Karom
Appendix A: Training Programmes Provided in the Shelters . . . . . . . 171
Appendix B: Thai Labour Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Appendix C: Aliens Working Act, B.E. 2521 (1978) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Appendix D: Immigration Act. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Appendix E: List of Key Informants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Appendix F: Budget Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Chulalongkorn University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
The Institute of Asian Studies (IAS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Asian Research Center for Migration (ARCM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
About the Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
About the Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
About this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Abbreviations
ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency
AIGPP Agricultural Income Generation Pilot Project
AMI Aide Medicale Internationale
ARC American Refugee Committee
CAN Community Agriculture and Nutrition (implemented
by TBBC)
CBO Community-Based Organisation
CCEE Camp Committee Education Entity
CCSDPT Committee for Coordination of Services
to Displaced Persons in Thailand
CEAB Community Elder’s Advisory Board
COERR Catholic Organisation for Emergency Relief
and Refugees
DFID Department for International Development (UK)
DKBA Democratic Karen Buddhist Army
DPs Displaced Persons
ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office
EFA Education for All
EU European Union
EVI Extremely Vulnerable Individuals
HIS Health Information System
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
IGP Income Generation Project
IHE Institute of Higher Education
INEE Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies
IPD In-Patient Department
IRC International Rescue Committee
JRS Jesuit Refugee Service
KED Karen Education Department
KG Kindergarten
KnED Karenni Education Department
KNLA Karen National Liberation Army
xi
