Templar Families: Landowning Families and the Order of the Temple in France, C. 1120-1307

358 Pages·2012·4.194 MB·English

by  Jochen Schenk

TEMPLAR FAMILIES
Foundedinc.1120,intheaftermathoftheFirstCrusadeinJerusalem,the
OrderoftheTemplewasaChristianbrotherhooddedicatedtothemilitary
protectionofpilgrimsandtheHolyLand,attractingfollowersandsuppor-
ters throughout Christian Europe. This detailed study explores the close
relationship between the Order of the Temple and the landowning
familiesitrelieduponforsupport.FocusingontheregionsofBurgundy,
Champagne and Languedoc, Jochen Schenk investigates the religious
expectationsthatguidednobleandknightlyfamiliestofoundandsupport
TemplarcommunitiesintheEuropeanprovinces,andexaminesthesocial
dynamicsandmechanismsthattiedthesefamiliestoeachother.Thebook
illustratesthecloseconnectionbetweenthepresenceofCisterciansandthe
incidence of crusading within Templar family networks, and offers new
insights into how collective identities and memory were shaped through
ritualandtraditionamongmedievalFrench-speakingsocialelites.
jochen schenk isResearchFellow(WissenschaftlicherMitarbeiter)at
The German Historical Institute, London, and a Senior Member of
WolfsonCollege,Cambridge.
CambridgeStudiesinMedievalLifeandThought
FourthSeries
GeneralEditor:
rosamond mckitterick
ProfessorofMedievalHistory,UniversityofCambridge,andFellowofSidneySussexCollege
AdvisoryEditors:
christine carpenter
ProfessorofMedievalEnglishHistory,UniversityofCambridge
jonathan shepard
The series Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought was inaugurated by
G.G. Coulton in 1921; Professor Rosamond McKitterick now acts as General
EditoroftheFourthSeries,withProfessorChristineCarpenterandDrJonathan
Shepard as Advisory Editors. The series brings together outstanding work by
medieval scholars over a wide range of human endeavour extending from
politicaleconomytothehistoryofideas.
Alistoftitlesintheseriescanbefoundat:
www.cambridge.org/medievallifeandthought
TEMPLAR FAMILIES
Landowning families and the Order of the Temple
1120–1307
in France, c.
JOCHEN SCHENK
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©JochenSchenk2012
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Firstpublished2012
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
Schenk,Jochen,1974–
Templarfamilies:landowningfamiliesandtheOrderoftheTempleinFrance,
c.1120-1307/JochenSchenk.
p. cm.–(Cambridgestudiesinmedievallifeandthought;4thser.,79)
Includesbibliographicalreferences.
isbn978-1-107-00447-4
1. Templars–France–History. 2. Upperclassfamilies–France–History.
3. France–History–14thcentury. I. Title.
cr4755.f7s34 2011
9440.025–dc22
2011015546
isbn978-1-107-00447-4Hardback
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CONTENTS
Listofmaps pageviii
Acknowledgements ix
Listofabbreviations xi
introduction 1
2
Historiography
14
Methodology
19
Thesources
23
Structure
1 templar families 31
32
Endowmentsandtransactions
32
Donations
37
Businesstransactions
45
LayassociationwiththeTemple
46
Confraternity
58
Thedonat
70
Militesadterminum
2 the religious context of templar support 75
79
Templarsupportamongthesecularclergy
83
BishopsandchurchofficialsfromTemplarfamilies
85
TemplarfamiliesandCîteaux
86
TheCistercianlegacyintheTemple
95
TemplarfamiliesandtheCisterciansinBurgundyandChampagne
104
TemplarfamiliesandtheCisterciansinLanguedoc
TemplarfamiliesandtheChurch:involvementbeyond
114
Cîteaux
ThereligiousassociationsofTemplarfamilies:variety
115
andpreference
3 templars and families 126
129
Theintensityoffamilyinvolvement
v
Contents
132
TheimpactofheresyandtheAlbigensiancrusades
Evidenceforearlylong-terminvolvementinBurgundy
139
andChampagne
141
ATemplarfamily:thelordsofGrancey
146
Thesocialsignificanceoftransactions
147
Thelaudatio
Transactionsas‘socialglue’ 149
157
TheTemplarsaslordsandneighbours
160
Friendshipandfeudalnetworks
162
TheinfluenceoftheTrencavels
164
AlordshipandfriendshipnetworkinBurgundy
166
AlordshipandfriendshipnetworkinComminges
171
Templarsinthenetwork
4 family networks 174
177
Theroleofwomen
183
Networksinexistence
184
ThenetworkofComminges
Burgundian–Champenoisnetworks 188
5 crusading and its legacy in templar
families 203
Communicatingtheideal:popularperception
206
oftheTempleasacrusadinginstitution
207
TheinfluenceofBernardofClairvaux
209
Papalandepiscopalpromotion
211
PopularawarenessofthemilitaryroleoftheTemple
215
ThecrusadingcontextofTemplarsupport
215
Preparingforthejourney
221
DesirefortheHolyLand
223
Oncrusade
229
Returningfromcrusade
229
Spiritualawareness
231
Gratitude
232
Memoryandobligations
234
ThecrusadinglegacyinTemplarfamilies
238
ThecorrelationbetweencrusadingandTemplarsupport
239
Thecrusadinglegacy:sixexamples
245
Templarandcrusadernetworks
conclusion 250
Bibliography 266
Appendix: Genealogies 292
293
(a) BurgundyandChampagne
1: BaudementandDreux 294
vi
Contents
2: Broyes–Châteauvillain–Rethel 295
3: Chacenay–Arcis-sur-Aube–Bar-sur-Seine 296
4: Grancey 297
5: Mello 298
6: Mont-Saint-Jean 299
7: Noyers 300
8: Tilchâtel 301
293
(b) Languedoc
1: Aspet 302
2: Aure 303
3: Comminges 304
4: MartresandTersac 305
Index 306
vii
MAPS
1. Burgundy page8
2. ChampagneandBrie 10
3. LanguedocandProvence 12
viii