Table Of ContentPg. iii 
Tecklin’s Pediatric Physical Therapy 
Sixth Edition 
 
 
Elena McKeogh Spearing, PT, DPT 
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Owner 
Dynamic Physical Therapy Solutions, LLC 
Hartsville, Pennsylvania 
Adjunct Faculty 
Arcadia University 
Physical Therapy Program 
Former Manager of Physical Therapy 
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
Eric S. Pelletier, PT, DPT 
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Department of Physical Therapy 
Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy 
University of the Sciences 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
Mark Drnach, PT, DPT, MBA 
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Department of Physical Therapy 
Clinical Professor of Physical Therapy 
Wheeling University 
Wheeling, West Virginia
Pg. iv 
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Sixth Edition 
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer. Copyright © 2015, 2008, 1999 
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Printed in China 
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 
Names:  Spearing,  Elena  McKeogh,  editor.  |  Pelletier,  Eric  S., 
editor. | Drnach, Mark, editor. 
Title:  Tecklin’s  pediatric  physical  therapy  /  [edited  by]  Elena 
McKeogh Spearing, Eric Pelletier, Mark Drnach. 
Other  titles:  Pediatric  physical  therapy  (Tecklin)  |  Pediatric 
physical therapy 
Description: Sixth edition. | Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 
[2022] | Preceded by Pediatric physical therapy / [edited by] Jan 
S.  Tecklin.  Fifth  edition.  [2015]  |  Includes  bibliographical 
references and index. 
Identifiers: LCCN 2021005646 | ISBN 9781975141578 (paperback) 
Subjects: MESH: Physical Therapy Modalities | Child | Infant 
Classification: LCC RJ53.P5 | NLM WB 460 | DDC 615.8/2—dc23 
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021005646 
This work is provided “as is,” and the publisher disclaims any and 
all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as to 
accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this 
work. 
This  work  is  no  substitute  for  individual  patient  assessment 
based  upon  healthcare  professionals’  examination  of  each 
patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, 
gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, 
laboratory  data  and  other  factors  unique  to  the  patient.  The
publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and this 
work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and 
not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work 
including all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis 
and treatments. 
Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health 
information,  independent  professional  verification  of  medical 
diagnoses,  indications,  appropriate  pharmaceutical  selections 
and  dosages,  and  treatment  options  should  be  made  and 
healthcare  professionals  should  consult  a  variety  of  sources. 
When  prescribing  medication,  healthcare  professionals  are 
advised  to  consult  the  product  information  sheet  (the 
manufacturer’s  package  insert)  accompanying  each  drug  to 
verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings and side 
effects  and  identify  any  changes  in  dosage  schedule  or 
contraindications,  particularly  if  the  medication  to  be 
administered  is  new,  infrequently  used  or  has  a  narrow 
therapeutic  range.  To  the  maximum  extent  permitted  under 
applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for 
any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of 
products  liability,  negligence  law  or  otherwise,  or  from  any 
reference to or use by any person of this work. 
shop.lww.com
Pg. v 
Dedication 
 
We dedicate this sixth edition to Jan Stephen Tecklin. 
We thank Jan for entrusting us with his passion. 
The faith and confidence he had in us gave us a tremendous 
sense of 
responsibility to continue this work. 
We have taken his faith in us very seriously. 
Jan, we hope this effort has made you proud. 
We also dedicate this edition to the many children 
and families we have worked with in our 
collective 90 years of practice. 
You have taught us so much more than we have taught you.
Pg. vii 
Contributors 
Joseph Ableman, PT, DPT 
Physical Therapist 
Acute Care Therapy Services 
Legacy Emanuel Medical Center—Oregon Burn Center 
Portland, Oregon 
Karl Barner, CPO/L 
Certified Prosthetist Orthotist 
Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics 
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta 
Atlanta, Georgia 
Jason Beaman, PT 
Cerebral Palsy Team Lead Therapist 
Therapeutic and Rehabilitation Services 
Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children 
Wilmington, Delaware 
Anjana Bhat, PT, PhD 
Assistant Professor in Kinesiology 
Physical Therapy Program 
University of Connecticut 
Storrs, Connecticut 
Jamie Bradford, PT, DPT 
Physical Therapist III 
Department of Physical Therapy 
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
Heather Lever Brossman, PT, DHSc(c), DPT, MS
Board-Certified Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Clinical 
Specialist 
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Physical Therapist 
GRIT Physical Therapy, LLC 
Richboro, Pennsylvania 
Bucks County Intermediate Unit #22 
Doylestown, Pennsylvania 
Deborah Bubela, PT, PhD 
Board-Certified Clinical Specialist in Pediatric Physical Therapy 
Associate Professor in Residence 
Doctor of Physical Therapy Program 
Kinesiology Department 
University of Connecticut 
Storrs, Connecticut 
Jill Cannoy, PT, DPT 
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta 
Atlanta, Georgia 
Stacey DiBiaso Caviston, PT, DPT 
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Education and Development Coordinator 
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
Kathleen Coultes, PT, MSPT 
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Trinity Health Mid-Atlantic MCMC 
Mercy Fitzgerald Campus 
Darby, Pennsylvania 
Mark Drnach, PT, DPT, MBA
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Department of Physical Therapy 
Clinical Professor of Physical Therapy 
Wheeling University 
Wheeling, West Virginia 
Brian P. Emling, MSPO, CPO, LPO 
Certified Prosthetist Orthotist 
Orthotics and Prosthetics Department 
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta 
Atlanta, Georgia 
Jean M. Flickinger, PT, MPT 
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Physical Therapist III 
Department of Physical Therapy 
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
Rita Geddes, PT, MEd, DPT 
Physical Therapist 
Department of Early Childhood Education 
Bucks County Intermediate Unit 
Doylestown, Pennsylvania 
Bensalem Township School District 
Bensalem, Pennsylvania 
Courtney L. Ginter, PT, DPT 
Physical Therapist 
Department of Physical Therapy 
Seattle Children’s Hospital 
Seattle, Washington 
Allan M. Glanzman, PT, DPT 
Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist 
Co-Chair, Research and Scientific Review Committees
Department of Physical Therapy 
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
Pg. viii 
Elliot M. Greenberg, PT, PhD, DPT 
Board-Certified Orthopedic Clinical Specialist 
Physical Therapist/Clinical Research Scientist 
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Sports Medicine and 
Performance Center 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
Eric T. Greenberg, PT, DPT 
Board-Certified Sports Clinical Specialist 
Assistant Professor 
Department of Physical Therapy 
New York Institute of Technology 
Old Westbury, New York 
Alison Hayward, PT, DPT 
Lead Acute Physical Therapist 
Acute Care Therapy Services 
Legacy Emanuel Medical Center 
Oregon Burn Center 
Portland, Oregon 
Rebecca Hernandez, CPO, LPO 
Certified/Licensed Prosthetist/Orthotist 
Clinical Supervisor 
Orthotics and Prosthetics Department 
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta 
Atlanta, Georgia 
Jennifer Jones, PT, DPT 
Board Certified Clinical Specialist 
Department of Physical Therapy